Cell: The Unit of Life Questions and Answers

Points 1 Which leader received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for his efforts Question 2 O John F Kennedy O Martin Luther King O Lyndon Johnson Winston Churchill

What are the two important bodies of the united nations General Assembly and Security Council O General Assembly and Security Assembly General Council and Security Council Peace Council and International Council

How many bonds can a carbon atom form one Otwo three four

In a solution a solute dissolves in a solvent What is the most common solvent in the body O oil water O ethanol air

Moving on to Chapter 2 Chemistry Which particles of an atom are found in the nucleus figure 2 1 protons and electrons electrons and neutrons protons and neutrons protons neutrons and electrons

Who was A Philip Randolph O African American labor leader and president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Converted his shipyards from making merchant ships into ones that churned out cargo carriers troop transports and aircraft carries Insisted on early action and decided to send U S troops to Northern Africa to engage the Germans Pushed for an attack from Britain into Germany RE thi Que 1 5

All of the following are characteristics of E coli that make it a favorable organism for biotechnology applications except 4 O Fast growth rate Minimal growth requirements It has a clear division between germline and somatic cells in culture Can contain recombinant plasmids

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1 AA a a 2 Daughter of normal meiosis I AA Daughter of abnormal meiosis I where non disjunction occurred Daughter of a normal meiosis II Daughter of abnormal meiosis II division where non disjunction occurred 3 Daughter of a normal meiosis II where non disjunction occurred during the preceding The 5 cells drawn schematically here illustrate one chromosome or one homologous pair of chromosomes in daughter cells produced by meiosis I or meiosis II in an Aa heterozygous diploid These cells are not themselves undergoing meiosis focus on the chromosomal complement in each cell rather than the arrangement of chromosomes Black circles represent centromeres Match each description on the left to one of the drawings using the numbers 1 5 above Choose 5 A 1 324 Choose 4 Choose AL LA 5 A

Answer the following questions about mutations that lead to cancer Part 1 An individual inherits a cancer predisposing mutation and in adulthood is diagnosed with cancer Consider the individual s inherited genotype If the mutation is in a tumor suppressor gene is the individual likely to be heterozygous or homozygous for the inherited mutation O Heterozygous O Homozygous O Either is equally likely Part 2 An individual has a cancer where one of the key drivers is an oncogene At the genotypic level which is most likely O The individual inherited one copy of the oncogene O The individual inherited two copes of the oncogene O In the tissue where the cancer started a gain of function mutation occurred in a proto oncogene to create this oncogene In the tissue where the cancer started a loss of function mutation occurred in a proto oncogene to create this oncogene

Breaks a 26 b OR b DE a a b 2 A chromosome is damaged by two double stranded breaks at a and b as shown in the diagram above The numbers 1 and 2 identify two chromosome abnormalities that could result from repairing these breaks What can be concluded Select all that apply O Chromosome 1 may or may not have changes in the functional status of any of the genes in the green section Genes in the green section of chromosome 1 will be non functional since genes cannot be transcribed backwards Chromosome 2 is missing some genes O Repaired chromosome 1 would produce twice as much of some gene products

Two parents who do not have color blindness have a daughter who has one X chromosome and is color blind Color blindness is inherited in an X linked recessive manner Part 1 In which parent did the nondisjunction event occur O Mother O Father O Cannot be determined Part 2 In which phase of meiosis did the nondisjunction event occur O Meiosis I O Meiosis II O Cannot be determined

On the left are four pedigrees and at the right are four possible types of inheritance Match each pedigree with the mode of inheritance with which it is most consistent using each answer only once C A B D 5 Autosomal dominant X linked dominant X linked recessive Autosomal recessive

1 11 III 9 1 1 Autosomal recessive O X linked recessive OX linked dominant O Autosomal dominant 2 O 1 2 O 1 3 O 1 4 Part 1 What is the mode of inheritance of the trait O 1 6 3 O 1 3 2 O 1 6 4 1 2 3 Part 2 What is the probability that the firstborn twin in Generation III will have the trait OO 5 4 6 Part 3 The twins shown in the pedigree are fraternal twins the result of two eggs fertilized at the same time by two different sperm What is the probability that both twins will be affected 00 O 1 2

a pedigree of a guinea pig family with a history 81 1 II III Part 1 O 07 From the pedigree is the curly hair trait inherited in a dominant or recessive manner Briefly explain your answer referring to specific observations in the pedigree BIU T T I The male guinea pig indicated with a blue circle mates with a female guinea pig that has normal straight hair What are the genotypes of these parents XR designates the dominant allele and X the recessive allele O Male XRY Female X X O Male X Y Female XRx O Male X Y Female XRXR O Male XRY Female xx O Male XRY Female XRXR O Male X Y Female XX What is the probability that any one of their offspring will be a female with straight hair 00 O 1 4 O 1 4 O2 3 0 10000 Word Limit What is the probability that any one of their offspring will be a male with straight hair 00 01 2

Question Points 1 Which countries were known as the Allies The Ottoman Empire France and Hay Germany Serbia and Russia O France Great Britain and Russia Germany France and Great Britain Complete Later Complete

Select ALL that apply Homologous chromosomes are the result of DNA replication during mitosis or meiosis Ononidentical O a pair of chromosomes in which each chromosome has been inherited from a different parent identical excluding mutations

True or False When double stranded DNA is condensed into a chromosome it is wrapped around histones O False True

d Using the previously made stocks on the previous page of 5 00M Tris 3 00M MgCl and 0 500M DTT how would you make 50 0mLs of 10x Ligation buffer that has the following concentrations of chemicals 10g 100L 5 00mM Tris pH 7 6 100 0mM MgCl 5 00mM DTT Show math 3 0 005 mol ML x 1000mL 5 00 mol 1 x 50 50ml Explain in words how would you make 50 0mLs of 10x Ligation buffer on the previous page 1

The analogues in an analogical argument are the things to which entities in a conclusion are being compared True False

Select which of the four standard categorical forms best describes the following statement All dogs are not quadripeds Universal Affirmative UA Universal Negative UN Particular Negative PN Particular Affirmative PA

Detoxification of drugs Converting glycogen to free glucose Absorption synthesis and transport of fats Manufacturing of all secreted proteins Question 9 2 points a function of the smooth ER Listen Which of the following describes the plasma membrane a double layer of protein enclosing the plasma a single layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell a membrane composed of tiny shelves or cristae a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell

Match the cell junction with its description An impermeable junction formed by the fusion of integral proteins from adjacent cells 2 3 v 1 v Pores between adjacent cells that allow the exchange of small molecules An anchoring junction that helps bind adjacent cells into sheets 1 tight junction 2 desmosome 3 gap junction

Which of the following promotes ovulation Olow levels of estradiol O estradiol plus progesterone GnRH high levels of FSH high levels of LH

Match the following properties of sound with how they are perceived by the cortex Based on action potential frequency larger deflections of hair cells results in an increase in action potential frequency Based on the relative intensity and relative timing of sound waves reaching the two ears Based on the location of the activated hair cells along the basilar membrane 1 Loudness 2 Pitch 3 Sound location

What type of neuroglia is labeled as 5 31 Microglial cell Schwann cell Ependymal cell Oligodendrocyte Astrocyte Satellite cell 21 5 Peoppove 4 popul 6 Page 19 of 50 Internet connection los

What is the overall function of this tissue C 1 2 To assist in learning To pump blood around the body To move things through hollow organs To allow movement and manipulation of the external environment To move cartilage

Without a steady supply of dietary glucose or glucose from glycogen stores in the liver what will happen to the process of cellular respiration in human cells O It will come to a halt and cells will no longer function Without a steady supply of glucose cells will only be able to do glycolysis and the person would lose energy O It will continue to run using other stored macromolecules like fats and proteins O It will immediately come to a halt and begin fermentation producing ethanol

One molecule of glucose can produce how many ATP total if all the stages of cellular respiration are successfully completed How many of these ATPs are provided by an endosymbiont O 30 32 ATP only 2 of them O 2 4 ATP none of them O 30 32 ATP 28 30 O 26 28 ATP All of them

Jill is studying the process of oxidative phosphorylation in human cells in th lab Which of the following processes would she be most interested in O The role of mitochondrial protein electron carriers O Lactic acid formation in muscle O The formation of Acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle Energetics associated with Glycolic

Which cell type is highlighted O simple squamous cells Omacula densa cells O umbrella cells goblet cells Submit Request Answer Pea

Which of the following structures form cytoplasmic channels that connect adjacent plant cells through the cell walls desmosomes plasmodesmata tight junctions gap junctions

4 Listen 1 point Neurotransmitters are released from axon terminals via endocytosis osmosis passive transport diffusion s cells erials between blood and body cells exocytosis

Listen point Interstitial fluid ute gradients Ois the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra is composed of blood is the internal environment found inside an animal s cells provides for the exchange of materials between blood and h Question 8 1 ebcam

Suppose than an individual has taken a huge dose of dinitrophenol DNP an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation Below are possible avenues of ATP production from metabolism For each one choose YES if ATP can still be produced in this person choose NO if ATP cannot be produced in this person ATP normally produced from NADH produced from the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA Write your response here Substrate level phosphorylation in the citric acid cycle Write your response here FADH2 produced in the citric acid cycle Write your response here Substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis Write your response here

When erythrocytes are placed into pure water the cells will gain water lose water experience no change in volume

ime Left 0 19 51 2 5 Shafiqa Hamzi Attempt 1 Cytoskeleton Mitochondria Vacuole Nucleus Question 10 1 point wy eviyes 4 4 La 3

ime Left 0 23 02 2 5 Shafiqa Hamzi Attempt 1 Cytoplasm Mitochondria Nucleus Golgi body P myov 4 3

ime Left 0 22 20 The organelle labeled number 1 is 10 4 3 2 Shafiqa Hamzi Attempt 1 Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Cytosol Cell wall 8 19 12 13

Listen Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function pancreas enzyme production large intestine bile production small intestine nutrient absorption oral cavity starch digestion stomach protein digestion

Connective tissues typically have the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses many densely packed cells with direct connections between the membranes of adjacent cells the ability to shorten upon stimulation relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix a supporting material such as chondroitin ul cam

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate phrases on the right Make certain each word is matched with a phrase before submitting your answer View Available Hint s K permeability Membrane potential of 90 mV Membrane potential of 70 mV The resting membrane potential of the cell The primary determinant of the resting membrane potential The point at which there is no net movement of K into or out of the cell Reset Help Nat permeability Although it plays a role it is not a primary determinant of the resting membrane potential

What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication It synthesizes RNA nucleotides to make a primer It stabilizes the unwound parental DNA O It unwinds the parental double helix It joins Okazaki fragments together

Which of the following processes would result from a mutation that deactivates a regulatory gene of a repressible operon in an E coli cell complete inhibition of transcription of the structural gene controlled by that regulator continuous translation of the mRNA because of alteration of its structure irreversible binding of the repressor to the operator continuous transcription of the structural gene controlled by that regulator

Which of the following statements describes the process of transformation in bacteria A strand of DNA is created from an RNA molecule External DNA is taken into a cell becoming part of the cell s genome Bacterial cells are infected by a phage DNA molecule A strand of RNA is created from a DNA molecule

What is the function of the release factor during translation in eukaryotes It releases the ribosome from the ER to allow polypeptides into the cytosol It releases the amino acid from its tRNA to allow the amino acid to form a peptide bond It binds to the stop codon in the A site in place of a tRNA It supplies a source of energy for termination of translation

Which of the following statements accurately describes the differences between DNA replication in prokaryotes and DNA replication in eukaryotes Prokaryotes produce Okazaki fragments during DNA replication but eukaryotes do not Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many The rate of elongation during DNA replication is slower in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes Prokaryotic chromosomes have histones whereas eukaryotic chromosomes do not

Which of the following effects might be caused by reduced or very little active telomerase activity Cells may become cancerous Cells maintain normal functioning Telomere lengthens in germ cells Cells age and begin to lose function

This layer of the dermis is responsible for fingerprints A areolar layer B deep stratum basale OC papillary layer D reticular layer

The image below shows plant cells What feature of cells is best demonstrated in the image A All organisms have cells with different shapes and functions B All organisms are made up of a large number of cells C Cells are formed from other cells within the same tissue D Cells are the basic units of structure and make up tissues