Evolution Questions and Answers

We often talk about things that Lamarck got wrong But he also got quite a lot of things right Which of the following was a correct argument from Lamarck Select all that are correct not just one a Species exist in a natural ladder of nature with all positions filled b Species change over time in response to the environment c Interpreted the non random arrangement of the fossil record as evidence for evolution d Believed that acquired characteristics could be passed along to offspring e Interpreted the non random arrangement of the fossil record as evidence that species went extinct but did not believe in change over time

Which of the following is correct about Darwin s return to England O a He quickly wrote up his observations in a rush to publish his book the origin of species Ob He was extremely worried about how his theory of natural selection would be received by the church government and even his family O c He entered into a publication race with Alfred Wallace Od The final release of the idea of natural selection by Darwin and Wallace at the Linnean society was considered a major scientific breakthrough Clear my choice

Which of the following are required for evolution Select all that apply Marks are removed for incorrect selection s a Genetic variation among members of a population b Differential survival C Traits that are heritable

2 Imagine the island has grown larger over time and the rat population becomes fragmented spaced out The volcano develops a central mountain ridge creating strong winds on the east side of the island resulting in a much cooler temperature The west side of the island gets much less wind and has experienced an increase in temperature a Explain one or two adaptations of the rat population on the east side of the island and the adaptations of the rat population on the west side of the island that would lead to better survival of each rat population Explain how each adaptation helps the rat survive in the new environment East Side of the Island West Side of the Island

A A red eyes a white eyes Morgan s F result of the parental cross above was All mutant type females which were homo zygous dominant B all red eyed females which were hemizygous dominant C all red eyed males which were hemizygous dominant

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In terms of populations how do we define evolution O Evolution is always caused by natural selection O Evolution is the explanation for how organic molecules formed from inorganic molecules Evolution is the way in which sexual reproduction can rapidly spread advantageous traits throughout a population Evolution is a change in a population s allele frequencies over generations Previous

Question 2 When gene flow between two populations ceases the potential for O sexual reproduction O hybridization O sexual selection O speciation exists

Which mechanism s can alter allele frequencies O gentic drift O gene flow P all 3 choices are correct O natual selection

9 As we usually find in behavior there is a strong trade off for adults and their investment into offspring care What is this trade off and how does it affect their parental care

1 During his exploration of the Gal pagos Islands Charles Darwin made many observations about the plants and animals that lived there a Use the diagram to describe how Darwin explained the origin of multiple species of Gal pagos finches What evidence did he use to support his explanation 3 points Long sharp beaks for probing cacti Cactus finch You Cacti Original population Ancestral finch Seeds Large beaks f r crushing seeds Large ground finch Medium ground finch Small ground finch b How did the geological findings of Hutton and Lyell support Darwin s theory of evolution 2 points c Explain the significance of the statement Natural laws

of whale ancestors found in the fossil record Note that the species are not listed in the order in which they evolved Ambulocetus Tiny hooves at toe Hands and feet shaped like paddles Short hind limbs adapted for swimming Ears specialized for underwater hearing Long snout with nostrils in middle Features of Ancient and Modern Whales Dorudon Rodhocetus Pakicetus Sturdy flippers Tiny weak hind legs Pelvis disconnected from backbone Ears adapted for underwater hearing Nostrils shifted to top of head Tiny hooves at toe Webbed feet Legs disconnected from the pelvis Ears specialized for underwater hearing Nostrils in middle of snout Species Species Species Species Species Hooved feet Sturdy flippers Ears intermediate between that of terrestrial and fully aquatic animals Nostrils at tip of snout Modern whales b Draw a concept map in the space below 2 points i Show the order in which the species evolved No visible hind legs a These diagrams illustrate the bodies of the five whale species described in the table above The gray silhouette shows the overall body size of each species while the black outline shows the skeletal structures Use the table of features to label each diagram with the species name 1 point Pelvis disconnected from the backbone Ears adapted for underwater hearing Nostrils fused into blowhole at top of head ii Label a species with a vestigial structure and the species with the ancestral feature it descended from c Based on what you know about natural selection what most likely caused the changes that occurred between Pakicetus and Ambulocetus 2 points d Explain how the fossil record of whales serves as evidence to

today They are a separate species Equus ferus przewalskii from the domestic horse Equus caballus However DNA analysis suggests that Przewalski s horses and domestic horses are related through a common ancestor a Describe how the common ancestor of these two horse species could have diverged into two modern species through the process of speciation Use the terms gene flow and isolation in your description 3 points b Przewalski s horses live in the steppes of central Asia where conditions are too harsh and dry for domestic horses to survive The two species also have different numbers of chromosomes The Przewalski s horse has 66 chromosomes while a domestic horse has 64 chromosomes Identify the role these two factors likely played in speciation 2 points c Przewalski s horses are nearly extinct in the wild but conservation efforts hope to increase their numbers Describe some causes of extinction and make a prediction about what

Which two sentences describe examples of human caused environmental changes that result in a species expansion A Human hunting practices that reduce bison populations on the Great Plains B Deforestation that results in the destruction of ground squirrels habitat C Constructing roads that result in the spread of invasive plant species into disturbed areas D Creating a new pond on a golf course that is quickly colonized by dragonflies

speciation gerblis A Evolution produces new traits that are advantageous to one population of gerbils allowing them to outcompete other populations B Individuals from different gerbil populations are free to mate resulting in high gene flow and greater genetic variation in the gerbils C Natural selection favors certain traits in gerbil populations and over time the individuals with more favorable traits form new populations D Two gerbil populations become isolated reducing the gene flow and over time the populations diverge genetically to a point at which they can no longer interbreed

Using parsimony simplest explanation which of the following is the most likely phylogeny OB 001 2 cha 0 A U taxon A B D B characters shape DODO Oc 3 changes B color DA VO OB 3 changes C

Which sentence describes biochemical evidence that supports the theory of evolution A Only some aerobic organisms use the Krebs cycle B Some vertebrates have similar structures early in development O C Animals with common ancestors have similar anatomical structures O D ATP is found in all cells and provides energy for life processes

What have scientists determined from fossil balls OA That it was the first organism that all life evolved from B How single celled organisms started to stick together O C That all life on Earth began in the ocean O D How bacteria evolved from multicellular organisms

Which sentence describes embryologic evidence that can be used to support the theory of evolution A All living things have genes that code for important proteins including RNA polymerase O B All vertebrates share common features early in development O C Ostriches are land birds with wings that have lost their original function O D There are fossils for an intermediate species between ancient horses and modern horses

Which observation of Gal pagos finches did Charles Darwin use as evidence to support his theory of natural selection A Beak size varies very little between island finches and mainland finches despite geographic distance B Beak shape in finches varies according to the food source available on each island C Beak size is random throughout all finch populations showing it is a variable trait D Beak size on islands closer to the mainland is more similar to that of mainland finches

How do homologous structures serve as evidence to support the theory of evolution OA Structures with no observable function are the result of natural selection acting on a common ancestor B Similar structures with similar functions are the result of natural selection selecting against certain traits C Different structures with similar functions are the result of species adapting to similar environmental conditions O D Similar structures with different functions are evidence of natural selection and common ancestry

How do unique species found on the Gal pagos Islands provide evidence to support the theory of evolution A By showing that common ancestry is possible only if organisms can migrate across a barrier B By showing how each species arises from a unique location according to their needs for survival OC By showing that organisms evolve differently in an area with a smaller land mass D By showing that geographic barriers can prevent populations from mixing which allows them to diverge over time

Which type of fossil is composed of minerals that replaced the living tissues of an organism as it decayed O A A mold OB Petrified remains O C An imprint O D Preserved remains

Compare the fossils of horse ancestors with the structures of a modern horse Millions of years ago 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 XXX L Equus Megahippus Hypohippus Pachynolophus Evolution of Horses A Mesohippus B Hyracotherium C Pliohippus D Merychippus Merychippus Epihippus Hyracotherium Hippidion Pliohippus Mesohippus Modern horses would have the most features in common with which species

A population of organisms becomes separated by a large canyon Over millions of years the organisms on one side of the canyon become much different from the organisms on the other side of the canyon Eventually the populations are genetically different enough that they can no longer interbreed This example can best be described as OA mitosis OB homeostasis OC speciation SOD meiosis

Transcription and translation are the two processes involved in protein synthesis During transcription DNA is copied into messenger RNA mRNA in the nucleus of a cell Messenger RNA then moves into the cytoplasm where it attaches to a ribosome and is translated into a protein Which statement best describes the role of transfer RNA tRNA in translation OA Numerous tRNA molecules are joined together by mRNA to form a protein OB Transfer RNA makes an identical copy of the base sequence on mRNA OC Amino acids that correspond to the codons on mRNA are brought to the ribosome by tRNA OD After reading the codons on tRNA the ribosome delivers and attaches amino acids to the mRNA

A population of beetles lived in a particular ecosystem Beetles in this population varied in size from small to large and ranged in color from dark green to dark brown Over thousands of years the population was divided into two separate populations by the development of a stream that eventually turned into a small river The west side of the river was drier and had less vegetation Smaller browner beetles were more successful in this ecosystem The east side of the river received more precipitation and had lush green vegetation Larger greener beetles were more successful in this ecosystem Over time the beetles on each side of the river became so different that they could no longer interbreed Which of the following best describes the mechanism that caused the beetles on each side of the river to become better suited to their different environments and eventually diverge into separate species OA Genetic drift occurred as a result of the populations being geographically separated OB Natural selection resulted from differential reproductive success in both populations OC Individuals within each population changed their genes to best fit their environment OD The environment caused genetic mutations in individuals within each population

What is the advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction in organisms OA greater genetic diversity OB more variety of reproduction methods OC fewer parent organisms needed shorter reproduction time

Which of the following is necessary for natural selection to act on a population of organisms OA genetic variation among members of the population OB exponential growth of the population OC unlimited resource availability to members of the population OD asexual reproduction by members of the population

Genetic drift can best be defined as OA a change in the allelic frequency within a population due to differential reproductive success OB a change in the allelic frequency within a population due to random chance OC the adaptation of a population due to environmental changes OD the transfer of alleles from one breeding population to another

deforestation reduces the majority of the vegetation in an area a native lizard population also changes The native lizard pulation typically exists in a variety of colors and camouflages in the forest s colorful vegetation However the changes to their vironment will likely alter the lizard population over the next several years If their habitat experiences a decrease in green getation which graph best predicts the lizard population s color distribution Number of Lizards Number of Lizards Lizard Color Distribution Gray Green Lizard Color Spectrum Lizard Color Distribution Gray Green Lizard Color Spectrum Original Population Predicted Population Original Population Predicted Population Number of Lizards Lizard Color Distribution Number of Lizards Gray Green Lizard Color Spectrum Lizard Color Distribution Gray Green Lizard Color Spectrum Original Population Predicted Population Original Population Predicted Population

An earthquake creates a chasm that separates a population of squirrels The two populations of squirrels evolve into two separate species What is the name of the process by which isolated populations of the same species become new species OA reproductive isolation OB speciation OC natural selection OD genetic variation

The forelimbs of lizards and frogs share a common bony structure and embryonic origin Although insects and birds both use wings to fly the wings in each species are structurally different and do not share a common embryonic origin A teacher asked four of her students to identify structures based on the information above The students answers are shown in the table below Which student correctly identified the structures OA OB OC OD student 4 student 2 student 1 Student 1 Student 2 Student 3 Student 4 student 3 Forelimbs of lizards and frogs analogous homologous analogous homologous Wings of insects and birds analogous analogous homologous homologous

The diagram below shows the similar limb structures of a dolphin a horse and a bat Similar bones are highlighted in the same colors Which of the following is true about these three species U GED UTB 11 All three species evolved over time to best fit unique environments All three species have not adapted since their existence All three species should be classified within the same genus All three species share a distant common ancestor DOLPHIN HORSE BAT

Several species of finch live on the Galapagos Islands They are very similar in appearance but have adapted beaks of different sizes and shapes based on their major food source Finches with large beaks eat mainly large seeds and cacti Finches with small beaks eat mainly small seeds and insects I OD II III IV Which of the following best explains the variety of beaks found in finches on the Galapagos Islands OA Biological evolution does not have any effect on the species diversity of an ecosystem OB Biological evolution only affects the species diversity of plants in an ecosystem O C Evolution through natural selection can increase the species diversity of an ecosystem Evolution through natural selection always causes a decrease in the species diversity of an ecosystem

Among the given types the example of the most common nucleotide mutation would GODNA STRUCTURE AND FUNC be O O silent mutation nucleotide excision induced mutation transition substitution 125 1235 QUESTIONS 7 55 QUESTION POINTS TRICO 20

Based on your findings which theory about alien thickness seems most valid or most accurate 1 poi Alien thickness is mainly affected by sunlight The thickness may be used as a way O to shield out the sunlight Alien thickness is mainly affected by temperature This may be because aliens O become dehydrated lose water at higher temperatures and become thinner O Alien thickness is mainly affected by temperature The greater thickness at lower temperatures may be used as a way to stay warmer in colder weather Alien thickness seems to change at random It does not seem to be affected by the environment

10 A nutria is a large rodent that is related to beavers and muskrats It is adapted to a number of different climates and the population has a very high level of genetic diversity a Explain how the level of diversity in the nutria population will affect its chances of surviving environmental change 2 points b How would a decreasing level of resources likely affect

9 An oxbow lake forms when a river bypasses a curve and cuts it off as shown in the diagram 36 G C A genetically diverse species of fish lives in the fast moving river but a portion of the population is separated when the lake forms Would you expect the population of fish found in the lake to change over time and become different from the population that remained in the river If so how Explain your answer 3 points

African elephants have few predators other than lions and crocodiles However humans have long hunted them for their ivory tusks Female African elephants exist in two variants One variant has long tusks which they use for defense and gathering food The other variant has no tusks In an elephant population that is protected from hunting but experiences natural predation what is most likely to be true A Tusked elephants will be more likely to survive and pass on the trait for tusks to their offspring OB Both variants will have high survival rates and will be equally likely reproduce C Tuskless elephants will be more likely to survive and pass on the trait for no tusks to their offspring D Both variants will have poor chances of survival and will be unlikely to reproduce

A species of fern can grow in a range of light conditions and most individuals in a population thrive in medium light Suppose ferns that thrive in more light become more common over time in the population Which two sentences must be true for this adaptation to occur through natural selection A The ferns developed new traits when the acidity of the soil changed B Spores from a different fern population landed in the area and grew into new fern plants C The amount of light ferns need is affected by their genes D Environmental conditions changed to give ferns that thrive in more light an advantage

How does group behavior in prairie dogs positively affect reproduction A Living in family groups prevents the spread of disease B Guarding of burrows ensures that more offspring will survive C Protecting offspring of group members reduces genetic variation D Cooperation prevents competition in the group

The macaroni penguin shown here is a flightless bird native to chilly aquatic ecosystems in the southern hemisphere Which variation would make a macaroni penguin even better adapted to the land and water in which it lives A Denser more waterproof feathers that provide warmth B Smaller feet with less webbing between the toes C More brightly colored feathers to attract attention from predators D Bones that are hollow to reduce weight for easier flight

A savanna is an ecosystem characterized by dense grasses and widely spaced trees Temperatures are generally warm year round but rainfall usually occurs only during the wet season Which of the following is a behavioral adaptation that would help an organism survive in a savanna OA Having large ears that release heat from the body B Having white coloring to blend in with surroundings OC Migrating to other areas during dry seasons D Hibernating during the winter months

Some members of a population have traits that make them more likely to survive than other members What is likely to happen A All of the individuals will become better adapted during their lives B The next generation will have lower chances of survival C The allele frequencies in the population will remain stable OD Natural selection will act on the population

Scientists sampled a habitat s peppered moth population by collecting a random sample of 100 moths once per year for five years They recorded the proportion of the moths that were each color Number of individuals collected 100 80 60 40 20 0 Year 1 Dark colored moths Light colored moths Colors of Collected Moths Year 2 Year 3 Year Year 4 Year 5 Which event could explain the changes in the population shown in the graph A The proportion of light colored moths increased because mutations caused new phenotypes that were not collected B The proportion of dark colored moths increased because of random variations in the population from year to year C The proportion of dark colored moths increased because soot pollution darkened the bark of trees in the habitat D The proportion of light colored moths increased because pollution decreased and tree bark in the habitat became lighter in color

st yogenes genes Coagulase Test Unknown E coli E coli us aureus as the unknown bacteria pyogenes as the unknown bacteria li as the unknown bacteria

Young sea turtles have many natural predators Which adaptation helps sea turtles successfully reproduce OA Having eggs that attract predators OB Producing a large number of eggs C Spending years caring for offspring O D Caring for one offspring at a time

Natural selection is characterized by which two statements A It acts on a population not an individual B It can result in unfavorable traits being selected for in some individuals C It causes changes in the allele frequencies of a population D It causes the traits of an individual to improve during its lifetime