Evolution Questions and Answers

Organisms are adapted to their environments due to O changes in the environment that accommodate the organisms set of traits O artificial selection and selective breeding O acquired traits that appear in response to changes in the environment O migration to a suitable habitat that match the organisms existing traits O natural selection favoring individuals with heritable traits that maximize their survival and reproductive succe

A population is said to be in an equilibrium no change in allele frequency if all of the following conditions are met EXCEPT Ono mutation no migration O random mating Ono natural selection O small population

c 2500 B C E c 1400 B C E Located on island of Crete Capital at Knossos Traded on the Mediterranean Aegean Known for beautiful frescoes

During the eighteenth century British imperial policy changed to keep pace with the social political and economic changes taking place in the colonies True O False

While in the seventeenth century the Navigation Acts were directed primarily at commerce and trade by the eighteenth century the Navigation Acts began to focus more on manufactures True False

throu meiosis The chromosome s color shows which parent they came from and their length shows which chromosomes are homologous Which picture most accurately shows this cell during metaphase I after one crossover in prophase l A C KK B H D KH WH

One of the fruit fly crosses in Lab 11 was wingless females x white eyed males In this question you will diagram the reciprocal cross white eyed females x wingless males 1 Show the P cross and expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the F1 generation 3 pts 2 The F1 progeny are self crossed What fraction of the female F2s are expected to look wild type 2 pts

In Natural Selection adaptation refers to 1 Point O learned behaviors that increase an organism s chances of survival O inherited characteristics that increase an organism s chance of survival O selection by humans for breeding of useful traits

b These images show the embryos of vertebrates at early stages of development Identify similarities among these different species and explain how the similarities provide support for the theory of evolution 2 points Chicken embryo at 4 days Mouse embryo at 11 days Model of human embryo at 35 days

Species 1 Pakicetus Species 2 Ambulocetus Species 3 Rodhocetus Species 4 Dorudon Species 5 Modern whale ii Label a species with a vestigial structure and the species with the ance feature it descended from

Species 1 modern whales Species 2 Pakicetus Species 3 Dorudon Species 4 Rodhocetus Species 5 Ambulocetus b Draw a concept map in the space below 2 points i Show the order in which the species evolved ii Label a species with a vestigial structure and the species with the an feature it descended from

6 Suppose a drought caused the local extinction of all insects slugs and clams This allowed the drought resistant deep stick bug to grow in their absence which lives 12 centimeters underground Using your knowledge of the steps of natural selection and the beak variations used in this lab explain how the change in the environment would affect the populations of birds

Drag each tile to the correct star Not all tiles will be used Identify the element present in each star based on the gaps observed in the wavelengths of its light Refer to this table containing the absorption wavelengths in nm of several elements Element Absorption Wavelength in nm helium 447 502 587 668 carbon 427 515 600 678 sulfur 425 565 639 675 xenon 484 590 687 calcium 429 527 593 645 silver 421 521 662 xenon 12 silver helium sulfur carbon calcium 400nm 500nm 600nm 700nm 400nm 500nm 600nm 700nm 400nm 500nm 600nm 700nm

III How adaptations become common in a population Morgan s sphinx moth or Xanthopan morganii is a moth found in Madagascar that has a long proboscis The Morgan sphinx moth feeds on an orchid called Darwin s orchid which has a very long nectar producing tube and most insects cannot reach the nectar Early ancestors of Morgan s sphinx moth had a variation in the length of their proboscis some were shorter than others The moths with shorter proboscis most likely competed for food sources with other insects However the moths that had longer proboscis were able to get nectar from Darwin s orchid 10 How did this favor the moths with longer proboscis 11 What was the adaptation found in the moth example 12 Biological success is based on how many offspring are able to survive How do adaptations affect the success of a population 13 Some organisms have genes that improve their ability to survive and reproduce If the genes also help their offspring survive and reproduce then which of the following will most likely increase a The frequency of the genes in one particular individual b The frequency of the genes in the entire population c The number of genes in the species 14 Hoverflies are insects that resemble wasps but cannot actually sting What advantage does this adaptation give them 15 The type of adaptation seen in the hoverfly is known as Morgan s sphinx moth Darwin s orchid

If we started the process of evolution over again on Earth would all of the organisms still evolve and look the same or would the process give us completely different organisms including different intelligent life instead of humans

Please pay close attention to the Directions You will be making a model Equations For a percent number of variation total number x 100 For the number of aphids alive after pesticides nonresistant 90 resistant Start with 2 nonresistant and one resistant

22 Why is allopatric speciation more common in biology than sympatric speciation a Physical barriers are rare so populations are more likely to speciate while overlapping b Separated populations always experience different environmental pressures c Mutations occur at a higher rate when a population becomes separated d Populations separated by a physical barrier can less easily exchange genetic material 23 Which of the following organisms would you expect to be most vulnerable to extinction under current climate change a A small mammal living at the top of a mountain b A large bird living in low elevation valleys c A migratory fish living in the ocean near the equator d A small insect living in an urban area

What is antibiotic resistance A the ability of bacteria to resist antibiotics B bacteria surviving the body s natural defenses C when bacteria are completely immune to an antibiotic

Consider the phylogeny of Arthropods below when answering the following three questions worm marine Shrimp marine Isopods terrestrial Crabs marine a one b two c three d four Lobster marine Butterflies terrestrial Moths terrestrial Spiders terrestrial HorshoeCrabs marine 11 Which of the following statements about relatedness is correct a the shrimp is more closely related to the crab than to the isopod b the shrimp is more closely related to the isopod than to the crab c the shrimp is equally related to the crab and to the isopod d none of the above statements are correct 12 According to the phylogeny which of the following is a monophyletic group a shrimp isopod crab their most recent common ancestor b isopod crab lobster their most recent common ancestor c crab lobster butterfly their most recent common ancestor d lobster butterfly moth their most recent common ancestor 13 Assume that because the outgroup worm is marine the ancestor of all arthropods was also marine How many separate times did terrestrialness living on land evolve Choose the most parsimonious option

10 All of the following trees show the same evolutionary relationships between sharp beaked mangrove woodpecker and warbler finches EXCEPT circle one a b sharp mangrove wood warbler warbler mangrove wood sharp mangrove wood sharp warbler warbler sharp mangrove wood

38 Typically we think of evolution taking place over a long period of time Which conditions might cause evolution to occur relatively rapidly Select all that apply 2 points a Species reproduces quickly b Species reproduces frequently c Species begins with little genetic variation d Environmental pressure is strong e Environment is relatively stable 39 Of the five mechanisms of evolution which is are always adaptive Select all that apply 2 points a Migration b Genetic drift c Mutation d Assortative mating e Natural selection

33 A population of snails has 60 BB 20 Bb and 20 bb individuals Calculate each of the following 8 points Allele Frequency of B Allele Frequency of b Observed Genotype Frequency of BB Observed Genotype Frequency of Bb Observed Genotype Frequency of bb Expected Genotype Frequency of BB Expected Genotype Frequency of Bb Expected Genotype Frequency of bb

3 Individuals in an insect population display variation in the shape of their mouthparts A new food source replaces the previous one and insects with shorter mouthparts are more efficient at gathering nectar from the new flower Over multiple generations what will likely happen to the variation of mouth parts within the population a Variation in mouth parts will remain the same because variation is random b Shorter mouth parts will become more prevalent in the insect population although some variation will continue to exist c The change in food source will lead to more mutations d Because natural selection favors shorter mouth parts all individuals will have short mouth parts after multiple generations

picta xanthoptica WA OR eschscholtzii oregonensis croceater klauberi platensis

28 Clearly circle an example of each group specified below If I cannot tell what you circled you won t get full points Note that there could be more than one correct answer for each tree 4 points Circle a paraphyletic group on this tree NE D all CATALS S LILLE Circle a monophyletic group on this tree 44

c It means there is little to no gene flow between two populations d It means there are no mutations formed within the two populations Name 21 Which of the follo Page 4 of 10

picta xanthoptica OR Central Valles eschscholtzii oregonensis croceater klauberi platensis

1 Which is the best definition of evolution a Evolution is the process by which organisms adapt to their environment b Evolution must occur over a long period of time c Evolution is heritable change in a population d All of the above 2 At which level of biological organization does evolution occur a Gene b Individual c Population d Community

35 Match each example below with the category of natural selection it best represents 4 points In a snail species small shelled individuals can outrun predators while big shelled individuals are good at defending against predators Intermediate shells are the most vulnerable During a very wet year fruit resources become abundant Birds with small beaks adapted to fruit eating become more common while big seed eating bills become less common A Directional Selection B Stabilizing Selection C Disruptive Selection D Balancing Selection

Jaws B Lungs Four limbs Keratinous scales Claws or nails D Fur Mammary Glands Feathers E Gizzard Time Feathers G Hagfish outgroup Salmon Frog Lizard Alligator Robin Rat Gorilla SENTSIO Ingroup 29 Relative to the robin on the tree above identify whether each trait is shared derived or shared ancestral 4 points Keratinous Scales

7 Based on the figure to the right the fact that pandas have thumbs is an example of and the fact that chimps humans and gorillas have opposable thumbs is an example of a vestigial structures convergent evolution b homologous structures convergent evolution Panda c homologous structures vestigial structures d convergent evolution homologous structures Chimpanzee origin of false thumbs in pandas Human origin of opposa thumb in primat

What did Darwin theorize about the finches he found on the Galapagos Islands A They were all descended from a common ancestor B They had arrived at different times over the centuries C The birds were not all finches but different species

are How many species involved in coevolutionary relationships A only one B exactly five C two or more species

What is genet drift A the loss of diversi within a large population due to artificial selection B variation in the occurrence of differe genotypes within a small population due to chance C the addition of ne individuals into a population allowing the allele frequency to stay the same D the isolation of a few individuals that begins a new population of organisms

What is it called when groups of organisms show a rapid rate of diversification in their form for a period of time Adaptive radiation Extinction Macroevolution Speciation

Which theory suggests that speciation occurs through rapid bursts of change after long periods of little to no change A Punctuated Equilibrium B Gradualism C Natural Selection

Why does genetic drift affect a small population more than a large one A the loss of a few alleles causes a large shift in the allele frequency of a small population B small populations have more diversity than a large population C large populations have more allele diversity so a dramatic event would result in

a large population kee the population in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium A They can create more variation which allows them to evolve more quickly B A large population is not as easily affected by changes C Smaller populations can survive changes better

What happens after a mass extinction or whe a few individual leave a populatio and start a new one A stabilizing selection B Hardy Weinburg equilibrium C adaptive radiation

What is the bottleneck effect A a change in allele frequency due to a dramatic loss of population B the movement of a few individuals to a new location to start a new population C the low fitness of a select group of individuals that don t reproduce

One species of pufferfish puts on a display for a mate and another species doesn t like it This is an example of what A ecologic isolation B mechanical isolation C behavioral isolation D postzygotic isolation

What type of selection occurs when individuals with traits at either extreme have higher fitness than those individuals in the middle A directional B stabilizing C disruptive

10 points Save A Blood always contains a larger concentration of solutes than interstitial fluid within tissues The capillaries act as semipermeable membranes between the blood and the interstitial fluid Explain this might cause the absorption of fluid

Which of the following would cause adaptive radiation A an individual that modifies its appearance B a mass extinction event C an environment that does not change D a population that does

Why are some insects able to consume plants that contain toxins A Insects that eat first die after consuming all of the poison and leave the harmless material behind B Insects that have evolved resistance to the toxins can eat the plants without dying C Insects cannot consume toxic plants

What is descent with modification described as A a structure that is the same in all organisms just with small differences in its purpose B the way organisms descend from a common ancestor just with slight modifications C how a structure has a similiar function but different form D a type of structure that past ancestors used but no longer has a purpose for current

How does migration affect evolution A Only individuals that leave a population can evolve B The allele frequency of a population changes when individuals come into or leave it C It lowers the fitness of the individuals that stay in the population D When individuals come into a population they only mate amongst themselves

Which of the examples below illustrates a homologous body structure A the forearm of birds reptiles and humans B the appendix found in humans C the pelvis and femur of a whale

Which of the following are types of Genetic Drift Simple Genetic Drift Narrowing Effect Bottleneck Effect Founder Effor

Which of the following is a disfunctional remnant of a retrovirus that was inserted into a genome and continues to excise O Jumping Gene transposon Gene O Pseudogene O Enhan