Human Physiology - Breathing & Exchange of Gases Questions and Answers

In the absence of oxygen ATP and acetyl CoA OATP and ethanol ATP and lactate ATP and ethanol

I Complete the following statements by inserting one of the words below in the answer blanks cartilage filter larynx moisten nostrils pharynx f Air enters the nasal cavity of the respiratory system through the cavity has several functions The major functions are to and pressure speak vocal cords to the digestive and respiratory systems the it connects the nasal cavity with the with occur during breathing The larynx or the larynx are the individual to voice box warm The nasal the incoming air The passageway common is often called the throat below Reinforcement of the trachea rings prevents its collapse during changes that is built from cartilage Within which vibrate with exhaled air and allow an

2 CO H O H CO3 H HCO3 2H CO3 carbonic acid bicarbonate carbonate Shown above are the chemical equilibria of the carbonate buffer system What happens to this equilibrium when an HCl is added to it The pH changes quickly as the equilibrium shifts to the right The pH changes quickly as the equilibrium shifts to the left The pH changes slowly as the equilibrium shifts to the right The pH changes slowly as the equilibrium shifts to the left

Base your answers to questions 21 and 22 on the chart below which represents the concentration of gases in inhaled and exhaled air in humans and on your knowledge of biology Concentration of Gases O2 CO 20 9 Inhaled air Exhaled air 5 60 21 A conclusion that may correctly be drawn from the chart is that 14 0 0 04 N2 A the percent of carbon dioxide in the exhaled air depends on the percent of nitrogen gas used B the percent of oxygen in the exhaled air depends on the percent of nitrogen gas used C neither carbon dioxide nor oxygen is used in the metabolic processes of humans D nitrogen gas is not used in the metabolic processes of humans A capillaries C arteries 79 0 22 What is the reason for the difference in the O2 and CO2 concentrations of inhaled and exhaled air 79 0 A In cellular respiration CO2 is used and O2 is produced B In cellular respiration O2 is used and CO2 is produced C O2 and CO2 diffuse easily because they are large molecules D O2and CO2 are actively transported across thin moist membranes A producing antibodies B removing carbon dioxide C engulfing and destroying bacteria D identifying invaders for destruction 23 Which activity is not a response of human white blood cells to pathogens B ventricles D veins 4 Dissolved nutrients wastes and oxygen are exchanged between the blood and intercellular fluid through the walls of Base your answers to questions 25 through 27 on the diagram below which represents a portion of the human circulatory system and on your knowledge of biology Right Lung 8 5 Heart 25 Which chamber of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 26 Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs Left Lung A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 27 Which number represents a capillary bed which allows for the diffusion of nutrients from the blood A 6 B 5 C 8 D 7 A arteriole C capillary 28 Which type of vessel normally contains valves that prevent the backward flow of materials B artery D vein 29 The concentration of oxygen is highest in the blood flowing through the 26 27 A arthritis C angina pectoris A pulmonary vein B inferior vena cava BALIO C pulmonary artery D superior vena cava 30 Which condition has been linked to a diet that is high in saturated fats B emphysema D mental retardation

Water is much heavier than air, so most fish a. Ventilate their gills as quickly as they can. b. Absorb most of their oxygen through their skin. c. Use their tidal breathing more slowly than air breathers. d. Do not use tidal breathing. e. Are denser than most land-based animals.

The Bohr effect is most directly associated with a. more CO₂ being retained by muscle cells. b. a higher oxygen saturation of haemoglobin in the lungs. c. a leftward shift in the oxyhaemoglobin association curve. d. oxygen being driven off of haemoglobin by carbon dioxide. e. a rightward shift in the oxyhaemoglobin association curve.

The most important function of the cilia, which are numerous and line the trachea, is to move air into the bronchi and lungs. True False

In order for cells to have the ATP that they need to contract for a long time the endocrine system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the atmosphere the heart regulates the amount of glucose in the blood the small intestines absorb nutrients, including glucose, fats and lipids the pumping action of the lungs causes the blood to circulate the stomach moves blood carrying gasses, glucose and hormones throughout the body

Which organ is made up of air-carrying tubes and tiny sacs? A. The diaphragm B. The stomach C. The lungs D. The rib cage

Your breathing rate is 14 breaths/minute; spirometric measurements reveal your tidal volume is 500 mL; your inspiratory reserve volume is 3000 mL, and your expiratory reserve volume is 1,200 mL. Your vital capacity is ______ mL. 5,800 3,800 4,700 2,400 3,000

Immune System Explain the functions of the organ system, List and explain the major organs and their function in each system, Describe the basic structure of at least one organ in each system Describe a disease associated with each system (Name of disease, description of disease/mode of action) How the system helps the body to maintain homeostasis

Air moves into the lungs when the air pressure in the lungs is _ than the air pressure outside of the lungs. This occurs when the muscles of the diaphragm. Multiple Choice lower; contract higher; relax lower; relax higher; contract

Respiratory syncytial virus Select one: a. causes serious disease in infants 6 months old or younger. b. uses the nasopharynx as its main replication site. c. can be treated with the antiviral aerosol ribavirin. d. has symptoms of dyspnea and rales. e. All of the choices are correct.

Due to intercostal muscle and the the pressure inside to between the 2 pleura layers, the lungs expand with the chest wall as the contracts. Then, the volume increases, causing & air rushes in. Surface Tension; Diaphragm; Intra-Alveolar; Increase Surface Tension; Diaphragm; Intra-Alveolar; Decrease Hollow Space; Diaphragm; Intra-Alveolar, Decrease Hollow Space; Diaphragm; Intra-Alveolar; Increase ———-

Select the phrases that describe the structure of hemoglobin. undergoes conformational changes when oxygen is bound or released contains ferrous ions that bind to both oxygen and carbon dioxide has a single polypeptide containing multiple oxygen-binding heme groups has quaternary protein structure contains four oxygen-binding sites within heme pigment molecules

• A 38 year old female amateur astronomer, all the while knowing better, has smoked since she was 18 years old. She has been having trouble for years with the smoke and the light of the cigarette impairing her ability to see the more distant galaxies through her telescope, but she has not been willing to quit yet. • Additionally, she has noticed a mild, occasionally productive cough for the past 3-4 months. The cough is worse whenever she spends the night out in the country taking astrophotos where she is exposed to the smoke of the nearby wild fires. . She finally decides to visit her family physician who, after making appropriate patient-centered inquiries as to how her astrophotography hobby is going, finds that she has been smoking about one pack per day for the past 20 years. . The cough has been present for almost a year. She has had no fever or chills. She does admit to more shortness of breath when she exercises over the past six months. . Her only other past medical history includes hypertension for which she is using lisinopril, metoprolol, and hydrochlorothiazide. At this point, what further investigations do you think would be appropriate? Why? 1. Chest radiograph (CXR) 2. Computed axial tomography (CT) of the chest 3. Complete blood count (CBC) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level 4. Spirometry 5. A and D

What is the mediastinum? a cavity in the thorax that contains the lungs a cavity in the thorax that contains the heart a double-walled sac that surrounds the heart a muscular wall between the left and right atria

Some over-the-counter (OTC) medications for cold symptoms contain substances that have sympathetic properties. These medications are contraindicated in patients with which disease process? Answers A - D AAlzheimer's Disease Chronic bronchitis Allergic rhinitis Hypertension

Write a grammatically correct sentence that compares the reactants and products of photosynthe- sis with the reactants and products of respiration. Be ready to share your sentence with the class.

Which of the following statements describes the phosphorylation event that occurs during the process known as oxidative phosphorylation? a An inorganic phosphate group is added to ADP. b ATP is hydrolyzed in order to add phosphate groups to protein substrates. c A phosphate group is added to molecular oxygen. d Inorganic phosphate is transported into the mitochondrial matrix, increasing the local phosphate concentration.

Which Cellular Respiration Pathway is the most efficient pathway for making ATP, and why is it more efficient than the other pathways? Explain.

In chemiosmosis what is "pushed" out of the cell and what is made when that substance comes back in through the membrane? a. Pyruvate, ethanol b. ATP, glucose c. Marshmallows, tooth decay d. Electrons, CO2 e. Protons, ATP

How does the presence of carbon monoxide (CO) in the bloodstream affect oxygen saturation in the bloodstream? As Cconcentration increases, oxygen saturation increases. As Cconcentration increases, oxygen saturation decreases. As Cconcentration decreases, oxygen saturation decreases.

Air goes into your lungs because the diaphragm contracts and increases the volume of your thoracic cavity (inside your chest). Air moves from high pressure to low pressure. What Gas Law explains lung ventilation?

When you "feel the burn" during exercise, you are "burning" because the oxygen supply is depleted and you are conducting A. Alcoholic fermentation B. Lactic acid fermentation C. Oxidative phosphorylation D. Glycolysis

Which synonym for the word genial is the best fit in the following sentence? He waved to them in a genial manner. A. warm B. rude C. unwelcoming

You wanted to see if you could use spirometry to evaluate the pH of a patient's blood. If normal ventilation is 4.2 L/min and your patient is ventilating at 2.3 L/min, what can you infer about the pH of the patient's blood? HINT: Think of the ventilation control feedback loop. Their blood is acidic. Their blood is about neutral. Their blood is basic.

As the respiratory control center regulates ventilation, which chemical does the respiratory control center typically respond to? Bicarbonate Carbon monoxide Oxygen Carbon dioxide

You are talking to your friend and they say, "I can't eat ice cream because I don't have the gene for the enzyme, lactase." Explain why this statement is not correct. Provide a statement that would be correct and explain why a person might not be able to eat ice cream.

An average human has 5.5 liters of blood and a fasting blood sugar level of 100 mg glucose/deciliter. What molarity of pyruvate would be produced if all of the person's blood glucose underwent glycolysis?

Which of the following patients are at high risk for developing Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP)? a patient who has had a myocardial infarction ("heart attack") a patient who has had a liver transplant a patient with severe lung disease a patient who has taken several different antibiotics in the past 3 months

By a routine examination of respiratory functions a spirometer is used to measure lung volumes. Which lung volume or lung capacity can not be determined by this method? Total lung capacity (TLC) Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) Vital capacity (VC)

In this discussion board post you will share what you have learned in this lesson with your classmates. 1. Describe aerobic exercise and why it is important to your health. 2. Choose a specific type of aerobic exercise you find interesting and describe it in detail. If there are rules to the activity, provide those as well. 3. Discuss how you will (or are already) implementing it in your life. Steps to Post your Submission Post at least two statements from the lesson regarding your thoughts or claims, based on the information in the lesson. 1. Read the requirements carefully to make sure your post contains all required details. 2. Use details/examples directly from the lesson or readings to provide evidence for your statements. 3. Use may the prompts: "I think... because..." "The evidence that supports my claim is..."

What is the correct sequence for the path of air in a mammal respiratory system? nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, esophagus, bronchus, alveolus nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus nasal cavity, larynx,, esophagus, pharynx, bronchus, alveolus nasal cavity, larynx, bronchiole, pharynx, bronchus, alveolus

Which structure has the same function as gills in marine animals? bronchioles trachea diaphragm alveoli nasal cavity

Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because a positive respiratory pressure is created when the diaphragm relaxes. gas flows from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. pulmonary muscles contract and push on the outer surface of the lungs. the volume of the alveoli increases as smooth muscles contract. the rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume.

An increase in which of the following is most important in the evolution of exchange surfaces such as the linings of the lungs or intestines? an increase in surface area of the lining an increase in body thickness an increase in the number of cell layers in the lining an increase in metabolic rate of component cells in the lining an increase in the volume of component cells

Gas exchange is more difficult for aquatic animals with gills than for terrestrial animals with lungs because CHECK ALL THAT WOULD APPLY water contains much less O2 per unit volume than air water is denser than air gills have less surface area than lungs. water contains much more O2 per unit volume than air gills allow water to flow in one direction.

H+ + HCO3 H₂O + CO₂ The equation above shows one of the reversible reactions that occur in blood. After exercise, an athlete's blood pH has dropped below the normal level. How will normal blood pH be restored? (A) An increase in O₂ concentration in the plasma will lead to an increase in H+ concentration. (B) An increase in temperature will lead to an increase in H+ concentration. (C) An increase in sweating will lead to a decrease in OH and H+ concentration. (D) An increase in breathing rate will lead to a decrease in blood CO₂ and H concentration."

Which of the following is an acute effect of exercise? Select all the correct options. a) Increased body temperature b) Increased heart rate c) Increased heart size d) Increased capillarization

Which of the following best explains how a monkey is able to exchange gases with its environment and deliver oxygen throughout its body? Choose 1 answer: A monkey carries out gas exchange through a series of redundant systems, so if one system is injured, another will take its place. A monkey has cells whose genetic makeup can change depending on the circumstances, such as whether the animal is breathing in high or low-oxygen environments. A monkey has systems of specialized cells, such as those that make up the tissues in the respiratory and circulatory systems, that help it carry out these functions.

What happens in animals with a weak or reverse Bohr effect?

Why does contraction of abdominal muscles help with forced expiration?

Which of the following are obstructive lung diseases? Select all that apply. Pulmonary fibrosis Asthma Obstructive sleep apnea Pneumothrax Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Which of the following are associated with chronic bronchitis? Select all that apply. Cyanosis Air trapping Blue bloater Hyperresonance Problems getting air into the lungs

Which of the following describes a collection of specialized organs? O The blood. O The lungs. O The respiratory system. O A skin cell.

The function of myoglobin is to A. carry oxygen in the blood B. provide strength in cartilage C. support the skeletal muscles D. carry oxygen in the muscle E. carry vitamins in the blood