Human Physiology - Chemical Coordination Questions and Answers

When there is too much growth hormone, its rate of secretion will be decreased because: Select one: a. the hypothalamus will release somatostatin b. the anterior pituitary will stop releasing growth hormone stimulating hormone c. the liver will stop making IGF-1 d. the hypothalamus will stop secreting TRH

A young female discusses birth control options with her physician, and has decided to take a pill orally every day that contains both estrogen and progesterone. What is the best explanation for the mechanism of combined estrogen and progesterone pill contraceptives? They increase the secretion of inhibin They promote follicular development They increase the secretion of luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary They act on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis through negative feedback.

A hyperthyroid patient has diarrhea, a rapid heartbeat and high temperature, with severe restlessness. What do you think is most likely to be causing her current problems? a. myxedema b. thyroid storm c. decreased TRH d. increased TSH due to negative feedback

CO2 Which of the following are associated with Type Diabetes? (NOTE Select all that apply, as more than one answer may be correct) Answers A - E A An autoimmune disorder B The body is typically not responsive to insulin injections c The pancreas produces excessive amounts of insulin D The body is responsive to insulin injections E The pancreas does not produce adequate amounts of insulin

What is the impact of a low-fiber diet on people with Type 1 diabetes? Use evidence from the text and graphics to support your answer.

Describe the causes of high blood glucose levels in Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. Use evidence from the text and graphics to support your answer.

Insulin is a protein synthesized in the cytoplasm of pancreas cells and then transported to the plasma membrane where it enters the blood-stream. Create a model to show the path of a protein in a eukaryotic cell from its formation to its secretion from the cell.

Several answers can be correct. Check all the correct answers. An allele a. is a version of a gene b. is part of the genotype c. is described by a word, either a noun or an adjective d. is part of the phenotype e. is described by a letter, either lowercase or

A client who is acutely ill is having difficulty maintaining a steady blood pressure. The nurse recognizes that when the client's blood pressure drops, the hormonal mechanism that immediately takes action is: Answers A-D A aldosterone, released by the adrenal cortex to conserve water. B insulin, released by the pancreas to increase energy production. C epinephrine, released by the adrenal medulla to trigger vasoconstriction. D cortisol, released by the adrenal cortex to raise blood sugar.

You and your friends decide to go to a scary Halloween haunted house, where you get very scared and feel an "adrenaline rush". Which of the following statements correctly describes the signalling taking place during this "fight or flight" response? Released epinephrine will bind to the b2 adrenergic receptor to dilate the vessels in the leg muscles. Gaq subunit activation will result in accumulation of CAMP in the heart Released epinephrine will bind to the b2 adrenergic receptor to constrict the vessels in the intestine Gai subunit activation will result in production of adenylyl cyclase

If the adrenal glands were removed from a patient, his plasma cortisol levels would ________, secretion of CRH by the _______ would and secretion of ACTH by the______would_______. decrease; hypothalamus; increase; anterior pituitary gland; increase increase; hypothalamus; decrease; anterior pituitary gland; decrease decrease; anterior pituitary gland; increase; hypothalamus; increase increase; hypothalamus; increase; adenohypophysis; increase

If hormone A causes the production of hormone B, which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism? a) Hormone A and hormone B act together to inhibit cell growth b) The effects of hormone A on hormone B are mediated by hormone C c) More of hormone B stimulates production of hormone A d) An increase in hormone B decreases production of hormone A

A neurostransmitter is a special group of neurons in the central nervous system. a class of chemicals involved in neuron transmission in the central nervous system. are located in the synaptic terminals of presynaptic neurons, None of the above are correct.

Failure to inhibit gluconeogenesis is a characteristic of: pancreatic disorder insulin resistance PEPCK activation Type 1 diabetes long-term starvation

Each of the following statements concerning the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide is true except one: Identify the exception. (A) Atrial natriuretic peptide is produced by cells in the heart. (B) Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes sodium loss at the kidneys. (C) Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces the sensation of thirst. (D) Atrial natriuretic peptide suppresses ADH secretion (E) Atrial natriuretic peptide increases aldosterone secretion

ALL these are TRUE of the endocrine system or the nervous system or both EXCEPT: (A) Both systems coordinate body functions (B) The endocrine system targets all body cells (C) Nervous system produces hormones, while the endocrine system produces neurotransmitters. (D) Neurotransmitter responses are quick adapting, while hormonal responses are slow adapting. (E) The nervous system targets muscle cells, glands and neurons. C E A B D

Which one of the following is a function of the adrenocorticoid hormones? (A) Lowers blood pressure (B) Raise blood level of calcium (C) Convert glucose to amino acids (D) Lower blood level of sodium (E) Anti-inflammatory C A B E D

Choose the FALSE statement (A) Both ADH and Aldosterone tend to lead to water retention and increase in blood pressure (B) PTH activates Vitamin D, which enhances calcium absorption (C) PTH activates osteoclasts, leading to bone destruction and increase in level of calcium (D) Polyuria, polydypsia and polyphagia are symptons associated with insulin deficiency. (E) ADH and Oxytocin pass from hypothalamus to posterior pituitary via the ſypophyseal portal system. A E D C B

What are the mechanisms by which insulin decreases blood sugar? (A) Facilitates the movement of sugar from blood to cells to generate ATP (B) By glycogenesis- joining glucose to form glycogen (C) Conversion of glucose to fat in adipose tissue (D) Only (A) is correct (E) (A) (B) and (C) are correct E D A C B

Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the thyroid gland? (A) Thyroxine (B) Triiodothyronine (C) Calcitonin (D) Tetraiodothyronine (E) None of the above. D B E A C

Steroid hormones (A) Are proteins (B) Bind to receptors in the inside of their target cell (C) Remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time (D) Are transported in blood dissolved in plasma (E) Cannot diffuse through cell membrane C D E A B

Melatonin is a molecule that is produced in the pineal gland and secreted into the blood. Melatonin then travels to different parts of the brain. It causes drowsiness and decreases body temperature to assist in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle. What kind of control is used to regulate this molecule? endocrine control, because melatonin is secreted into the blood and regulates body processes muscular control, because the muscles can be used to control the release of melatonin. cardiovascular control, because melatonin flows through the blood to deliver the message neural control, because the brain sends the signal to release melatonin through nerve cells

When an antigen attacks the body, it activates adaptive immunity. This adaptive immunity produces a strong response when it encounters the same antigen for the second time. Which feature of adaptive immunity is essential for this kind of response? the ability to remember the antigen it encounters the ability to distinguish between self and nonself antigens the ability to produce nonspecific antibodies against the foreign antigen the ability to secrete lysozymes against pathogenic antigens

Which situation is the best example of irony? A. A baker has a wheat allergy. B. A farmer plants a seed, and it grows. C. You pick your apples too early and they aren't ripe.

Which of the following would most likely inhibit your sense of smell? An adenylyl cyclase inhibitor. APKA inhibitor. An IP3-gated Ca2+-release channel inhibitor. A Gq protein inhibitor.

The hypothalamus plays an important role in Adrenal function (the) Stress response Reproductive function All of these functions/responses

Which one of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose dietary iodine consumption is normal? A) greater secretion of T3 than T4. B) Grave's disease. C) reduced iodine excretion by the kidney. D) under-secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone. E) over-secretion of thyrotropin releasing hormone.

Which one of the following statements is incorrect? A) Somatostatin inhibits release of somatotropin. B) Melanocyte stimulating hormone is a satiety signal in the brain. C) In a patient with an over-secreting tumor of ACTH cells in the anterior pituitary, levels of CRH secretion should be low. D) Cortisol stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver. E) Growth hormone has both tropic and non-tropic effects.

Write or present (podcast, video) a short paragraph on how the pine beetle infestation affects you as either a local elder or a logger. If you choose to create a multimedia piece, indicate where to find this file or attach it to this document. You have chosen a species from the ecosystem you will be studying. You will write a paragraph that explains how this species interacts with the abiotic and biotic components

The sodium -potassium pump is one of the most important pumps in all of human physiology. Put the action steps in order from the start of the process to the end. The enzyme/transporter is more attracted to potassium, which carriers low amounts of energy. Once full of sodium, the enzyme/transporter is given energy by ATP. The enzyme/transporter changes shape and dumps its sodium outside of the cell. The phosphate group from the energizing ATP leaves and the enzyme/transporter changes shape dumping potassium into the cell. The enzymeltransporter is open on the cell's interior surface and is very attracted to sodium. The now empty enzyme/transporter is ready to accept new sodium ions.

-. Sometimes, researchers want to observe two molecuies with relatively similar molecular weights. For example, in the gel we electrophoresed in this lab, we can see that the two bands at the bottom (5s rRNA and tRNA bands) are very close together. If we were only interested in these two bands, what experimental condition could we change to get better separation/resolution of these two bands during gel electrophoresis?

Which conditions is not regulated or maintained by homeostasis? blood pressure fluid levels temperature blood glucose gas exhange pulse rate

How is signaling induced by a protein hormone different from the signaling induced by a steroid hormone? Signaling induced by steroid hormones. causes a much faster cellular response than signaling induced by protein hormones. Steroid hormones bind and activate cell surface receptors and protein hormones bind and activate cytoplasmic receptors. Signaling induced by steroid hormones ultimately changes which proteins are present in the cell, while signaling induced by protein hormones ultimately changes protein function. All of these answers are correct.

Which cells will respond to a particular hormone? None of these are correct. Cells that produce a transporter for that hormone can respond to it. Cells that produce a receptor that can bind that hormone can respond to it. Cells in the organ that produces the hormone can respond to it.

Analysis of liver cells shows that glycogen is not being broken down. What is likely to be true of hormone levels in the blood? Glucagon levels are high Glucagon levels are low Insulin levels are low Glucocorticoid levels are high

Hormones K, F, and C each increase appetite in the body on their own. However, when all three hormones are present at the same time, they drastically increase appetite more than each hormone could have individually. These interactions between these three hormones can be classified as: Permissive Finger-licking good Antagonistic Synergistic

You are traveling with Guy Fieri, trying all the weird dives, and he's suffering from hyperkalemia! The Jack Daniel's diet isn't working for him. He has an increased concentration of potassium in his extracellular fluid. You have to respond quickly to save his life. You have to feed him something because Guy Fieri doesn't believe in hospitals. What do you feed him? Feed him almonds which will add calcium ions (+2) to his extracellular fluid. Feed him Saltine crackers which will add chlorine ions (-1) to his extracellular fluid. Find a new co-host for your restaurant tour show. Feed him bananas which will add potassium ions (+1) to his extracellular fluid.

Where are sensors (a.k.a. receptors) found for feedback loops that involved hormones? On axons of hypothalamic neurons Inbedded in the walls of blood vessels On or within the cells that act as control centers

Epinephrine can cause many different responses; it can alter glycogen metabolism, induce fat breakdown, regulate heart rate, or even have no effect on a cell's behavior. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the specificity of how a cell responds (or doesn't respond) to epinephrine signaling? Different cell types can express different epinephrine receptors that initiate different responses. None of these are true. Epinephrine diffuses only a short distance after being secreted, so only nearby cells receive the signal. Some cells lack epinephrine receptors and therefore can't respond to it. Different cell types have different effector proteins regulated by epinephrine signaling.

Microbial growth at optimum temperature causes the enzyme reactions to occur at: Rapidly increasing rates Constant rates Minimum rates Maximum rates Rapidly decreasing rates

Corticotropin-releasing factor is produced by which tissues? Hypothalamus Ovaries Anterior pituitary Adrenal glands

Which of the following are chemical defenses in the body's first line of defense? lysozymes in the skin Intact skin normal microbiota like Lactobacillus lining the vaginal tract mucus lining the upper respiratory tract all of these

"Some antibiotics generate an immune response and patients have to avoid such antibiotics that they may be allergic to. These antibiotics are usually small molecules, but will only gen response in some indiviuals when they attach to their proteins or other large macromolecules. These antibiotics are therefore acting as an example of Hapten Variable region Constant region Epitope antigen

The interaction of the nervous and endocrine systems Both the nervous system and endocrine system help coordinate the body's responses to the external and internal environment as well as help with homeostasis. For each of the following scenarios listed below describe how the nervous and endocrine systems help handle the body's response. Try to be as specific as possible - for example, which parts of the nervous system gather the initial information and then help coordinate a response? Which parts of the endocrine system (glands, tropic and non-tropic hormones) help coordinate the response? Specifically, how does the body respond to meet the challenges presented (think of things like heart rate, adrenaline output, blood glucose levels, etc)? Scenario 1: You just came home from your family's Thanksgiving celebration. Dinner was so good that you had 3 servings of food. Scenario 2: While driving a cat runs out in front of you and you have to slam on the brakes to stop in time.

Which of stage of the Pyschosocial Theory states that children will begin to lose self-esteem if they are subjected to harsh criticism? Trust vs. Mistrust Intimacy vs. Isolation Autonomy vs. Shame Initiative vs. Guilt

Which hormones act on the DCT and CD to increase blood pressure : blank blank do not put a comma or the word "and". Do not abbreviate. The cells of the pancreas which have a digestive function are known as

What is the MOST likely consequence of setting unrealistic goals? A. The individual will achieve a result greater than expected. B. The individual will experience greater motivation toward reaching the goal. C. The individual will become discouraged and stop working toward the goal. D. The individual will reach the goal, but be discouraged from making any goals in the future.

The parathyroid gland is located within the thyroid gland. helps regulate your heartbeat rate. helps regulate the balance of the calcium ions within your blood. All of the above are correct.

The best definintion for a tropic hormone is one that: a) is activated when the environment reaches a temperature higher than the body temperature. b) is secreted out of the body (i.e. the skin, or into the gut). c) modulates the perception of temperature in vertebrates. d) has as a target an endocrine gland.

The parathyroid gland is located within the thyroid gland. helps regulate your heartbeat rate. helps regulate the balance of the calcium ions within your blood. All of the above are correct.