Human Physiology - Neural Control & Coordination Questions and Answers

decreased oxygen use especially in the cerebral cortex decreased vital signs such as heart rate and blood pressure decreased activity of the brain especially the cerebral cortex temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for rapid eye movements and muscles required for breathing Question 14 1 5 points Listen Match the disease to its correct description Progressive and debilitative disorder resulting in the degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons of the substantia nigra which leads to uncontrollable firing of the target neurons Progressive and fatal hereditary disorder leading to the degeneration of basal nuclei and the cerebral cortex Progressive degenerative disease that results in 1 Alzheimer s disease 2 Huntington s disease 3 Parkinson s disease

4 Listen Select ALL of the following that are true regarding action potentials They occur in axons Either depolarization or hyperpolarization can occur They are brief long distance siis Unlike graded potentials they do not decay with distance

Consciousness involves which of the following Select ALL that appl Having higher mental processing such as memory and logic Being able to perceive sensations Being able to voluntarily initiate and control movement The presence of theta waves on an EEG

Which of the receptor types shown here functions exclusively as a proprioceptor Intrafusal fibers A OB O C OD B All of the listed responses are correct C D E Tactile epithelial cell

41 How can hormones mediate changes

22 What are the main steps in chemical neurotransmission

19 How are neurons similar to other cells How are they unique

Which structure is highlighted O globus pallidus caudate nucleus Oputamen Cyright by SOMSO 2010 www

Which structure is highlighted filum terminale conus medullaris cauda eqaina O lumbar enlargement Copy by OM 2010 www cum

Which structure is highlighted O posterior funiculus Odorsal hom Odorsal root ganglion Copyright by SOMSO 2010 www sm co 27

Which structure is highlighted Opons occipital lobe cerebellum arbor vitae

Conduction velocity in the highlighted structure is dependent on which of the following features O O O axon diameter Oaxon location Oaxon length axon terminus N

Which structure is highlighted O mammillary body Opineal gland O epithalamus O corpora quadrigemina RIM LT C14 Half Hoad with Musculature 38 Scientific PPearson

The autonomic nervous system functions of the highlighted structure include O increase in heart rate decrease in blood pressure and dilation of pupils Ostimulation of gallbladder activity increase in release of glucose from liver and relaxation of urethral sphincter to promote voiding Oinhibition of salivation inhibition of lacrimal secretions and erection of penis O stimulation of digestion reduction in heart rate and constriction of bronchi in the lungs

Which structures are highlighted O fascicles O axons Onodes of Ranvier O myelin sheaths Submit Request Answer 4

Which trunk is highlighted O posterior Olower Olateral Omiddle 13 Copyright by SOMSO 2010 www sam co

The highlighted structures supply Copyright by GOMSO 2010 www Oskin of the anterior and lateral thorax and the intercostal muscles O most of the abdominal wall inferior to the rib cage and the diaphragm Oa horizontal strip of muscle and skin along the back in line with its point of emergence from the vertebral column

Faro 1ommoventics alesung por The diagram below shows the five main transport proteins that control the distribution of Na and K ions across the plasma membrane of an axon Assume that the membrane is at resting potential the membrane potential of the axon remains constant at about 70 mV Drag the arrows onto the diagram to show the direction of Na gray arrows and K red arrows movement through each transport protein at resting potential If no ions move through a transport protein at resting potential leave that target blank View Available Hint s outside cell voltage gated Na channel Na K WEBOOK Na K Na Na Na K b voltage gated K channel Na K sodium potassium pump K d non gated K channel Reset 1 of e non gated Na channel Help

1 Define the term threshold as it applies to an action potential

The diagram below shows the five main transport proteins that control the distribution of Na and K ions across the plasma membrane of an axon Assume that the membrane is at resting potential the membrane potential of the axon remains constant at about 70 mV ng potential Drag the arrows onto the diagram to show the direction of Na gray arrows and K red arrows movement through each transport protein at resting potential If no ions move through a transport protein at resting potential leave that target blank View Available Hint s outside cell voltage gated Na channel 28646911 Na K Na K Na Na K Na K b voltage gated K channel sodium potassium pump Compte Na K K d non gated K channel Reset Help non gated Na channel

More Positive Double the concentration of K outside the cell Double the number of K leak channels Decrease the concentration of Nat outside the cell by half More Negative Double the number of closed channels for K Double the size of the cell without adding channels Largely Unchanged Triple the number of Nat leal channels

The adult brain regions consist of all of the following except neural tube diencephalon cerebral hemispheres cerebellum brain stem

Which area of the brain is crucial in regulating homeostasis hypothalamus cerebellum thalamus

Neurons can potentially live and function optimally for 100 years or more True False

When input travels along one pathway to a specific destination and produces a specific anticipated response that is a reverberating circuit parallel processing a simple neuronal pool serial processing

A superficial muscle of the leg this one dorsiflexes the foot OA fibularis longus B gastrocnemius C soleus D tibialis anterior

OA jugular foramen B foramen lacerum OC foramen ovale OD foramen magnum Question 24 1 point 4 Listen The exceptional flexibility of the shoulder girdle is due in part to the OA deep socket that holds the humerus OB ability of the scapula to slide easily against the thorax OC strong ligament that holds the head of the humerus to its socket the axial skeleton

All of the following are true of smooth muscle EXCEPT The myofilaments are arranged diagonally instead of in sarcomeres The have diffuse junctions where neurotransmitters are released into a wide synaptic cleft Similar to skeletal muscle fibers neurotransmitter binding always results in action potentials that stimulate contraction Calcium binds to calmodulin instead of troponin during contraction

Which of the following is NOT a criteria used in naming muscles number of insertions muscle size number of origins direction of fibers or fascicles muscle location

Which of the following is correctly matched antiarthroses slightly movable joints synarthroses freely moveable joints diarthroses freely movable joints immovable joints

7 Person centered thinking and planning facilitates the development of an action plan that is O Focused on the person s illness Focused on what is important TO and FOR the person Focused on professional services and facility based availability Focused on compliance with best practice standards

5 An individual identifies their primary goal as spending more time with their friends The person s treatment team members feel that the person would be better served by getting a job Using a person centered planning approach what should the primary focus be when writing this individual s plan Getting a part time job to ease them into the workplace Obtaining a full time job Decreasing symptoms and improving stability Increasing time spent with friends

4 True or False Traditional treatment planning is sometimes viewed as an event that occurs at the outset of treatment True False

2 A person receiving services has identified their mother as someone they would like included in the planning meeting You know from your work with this individual that their mother often criticizes them and makes them doubt their abilities How should you handle the person s request to include their mother in the planning meeting Explain that it is not in their best interest to have their mother participate and deny the request to include her Agree that she can attend the meeting provided she understands she is there to listen and not speak Allow the person to decide who to include but make efforts to mitigate unhelpful input from her Remind the person of all the times their mother s O input upset them so they will realize it is a bad idea to include her

During the course you learned about how various parts of the brain work and how many of the areas work together to support our functioning For this question choose one of the following activities Reading a book Playing a sport pick whatever sport you want For whichever activity you chose identify two areas of the brain that would be involved the function of those areas and how they would need to work together to assist you with the activity Your total answer should be around 4 8 sentences Here s an example of how you might structure a portion of your answer The nucleus accumbens is an area of the brain important for reward leaming Assuming the person enjoys reading and is having fun the nucleus accumbens would be activated encouraging the person to keep reading and making them more likely to do it again in the future

Spleen cells are taken from a mouse immunized with the LCM virus 2 assays are used to determine antigen specific functional activity of the s Assay 1 the spleen cells T cells are incubated with macrophages that have been briefly exposed to LCM virus phagocytized the virus produs response Assay 2 the spleen cells are incubated with LCM infected target cells lysis of the infected target cells is considered a positive response Activity of which cell population is detected in Assay 2

2 Piper touches a block of ice and she feels that it is very cold How does she feel the sensation of cold OA OB OC O D The nerves in the finger stop producing action potentials across synapses The nerves in the finger detect stimuli and send the message to the brain The nerves in the finger signal the arteries to stop circulation to the area The nerves in the finger send a reflexive action through the spinal cord

2 What part of the brain is considered the autopilot 1

5 7 32 8 10 12 6 14 2 S 8 16 15 14 13 Which of the structures in the eye diagram above transmits information from the retina to the brain 12 11 10

17 0 1 02 0 3 16 4 15 N 2 14 13 11 3 12 Which of the areas in the diagram would be affected by otitis media an infection of the middle ear 10 5 8

O a The aqueous humor is located in which region on the eye picture above Ob O C CB Od D

What is the purpose of a complete B cell receptor why is it not enough to just have membrane bound antibody on a B cell For the toolbar press ALT F10 PC or ALT FN F10 Mac

Explain using your own words how the action potential is generated and regenerated in neurons Your explanation should begin with the event that leads the release of neurotransmitters at the presynaptic terminal and how these neurotransmitters lead to changes in the membrane potential in the postsynaptic neuron that result in the generation of the action potential Also how is the action potential maintained with the same amplitude through the whole axon The explanation should include the correct name of the structures involved type of channels and ions involved the type of voltage changes that occur in dendrites soma and axons

Explain how neuromodulators are different from neurotransmitters Include the type of neurotransmission they produce receptor they neurotransmitters and neuromodulators bind the intracellular changes they cause and how they affect the membrane potential

A In this neuron structure 1 is the and structure 3 is the which transmits the nerve signals dendrite B cell body 2 1 C 3 axon

E Blank 1 The above picture is a dissected sheep brain What is the name of the section labeled A

Blank 1 After 10 min in the bowl with insulin the gold fish went into a coma To regain consciousness and control of its muscles the fish is transferred to a dish containing Question 15 1 point The primary structural and functional unit of all nervous systems is the gland spine neuron A brain

Match the following terms to their respective functions in the nervous system Sends messages to muscles or glands Coordinate the flow of messages from sensory to motor cells Receive data from sense organs 1 Motor neuron 2 Sensory neuron 3 Interneurons

A human s desire for something sweet is a proximal cause of the A salivary glands B taste buds C cerebral cortex D sweetness itself

A The right lung B Most of the small intestine OC The appendix OD The liver OB Question 4 1 point 4 Listen Damage to this serous membrane can cause the lungs to collapse A pleura B peritoneum