Plant Physiology - Respiration Questions and Answers

How would you classify the microorganisms in the figure according to their requirement of oxygen? Aerotolerant anaerobe Facultative anaerobe Obligate anaerobe Obligate aerobe Microaerophile

If two cultures of a facultative anaerobe were grown under identical conditions except that one was exposed to oxygen and the other was completely deprived of oxygen, what difference would you expect to see between these two cultures? Why?

The reason that Dinitrophenol can uncouple glucose oxidation and ATP formation is because: 1. Dinitrophenol inhibits ATP synthase 2. Dinitrophenol binds to proton and carries it across the inner membrane and into mitochondria, thus eliminate the proton gradient built during electron transport. 3. Dinitrophenol blocks the transfer of phosphate to ADP 4. Dinitrophenol blocks the transport of electron from electron carriers to oxygen

How is fatty acid metabolic pathway linked to the TCA cycle? 1. Fatty acids can be broken down and form acetyl CoA that feed into TCA cycle 2. Fatty acids are split into simple sugars that can be fed in TCA cycle 3. Fatty acids are broken down to oxaloacetate to feed in TCA cycle 4. Fatty acids can feed in TCA cycle directly

In an experiment, researchers compared the growth of two different plants, plant X and plant Y. The researchers maintained the plants under nearly identical conditions and observed that plant X grew faster than plant Y. The researchers also observed that the inner mitochondrial membranes of plant X had more folds than did those of plant Y. Which of the following conclusions about increasing the number of folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane is best supported by the results of the experiment? A It increases the efficiency of photosynthesis, which results in faster cell growth. B It increases the surface area available for ATP production, which results in faster cell growth. C It increases the amount of space available for storing cellular wastes, which results in faster cell growth. D It increases the rate of protein transport to the plasma membrane, which results in faster cell growth.

Which option defines ATP? a molecule used to help chemical reactions progress in a cell a molecule used in energy transfers within the cell a molecule that allows other molecules to enter and leave a cell a molecule that copies genetic information within the cell

Which statement is true? (1 point) Cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm and the Golgi apparatus. Cellular respiration takes place in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm and the nucleus.

The enzyme located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrium which allows protons to flow back across the membrane forming ATP in the process is called acetyl coenzyme A ATP synthase protonase maltase

Match the organ systems with their functions. Skeletal Muscular Cardiovascular Respiratory Match each of the options above to the items below. Calcium storage and hemopoiesis Moves the body and generates heat Transport of nutrients and waste Exchange of gases

A physiologist observes that as a subject exercises, their rate of breathing increases. The physiologist then comes up with a possible explanation for this observation. In other words, she rejected the hypothesis. collected data based on her experiments, and rejected the hypothesis. tested the hypothesis through experimentation. developed a hypothesis.

A coupled reaction always involves: a) an exergonic reaction happening at the same time as an endergonic reaction b) the kinase enzyme c) the release of heat d) mechanical work within an organism

Photophosphorylation means: a) ATP is converted into ADP using the energy of the sun b) the same thing as photosynthesis c) ADP is converted into ATP using the energy of the sun d) the process requires a specific enzyme at every step

When one molecule of NADH from glycolysis passes through the ETC, it yields: a) 2 molecules of H₂O and 2 ATP b) 1 molecule of H₂O and 2 ATP c) 1 molecule of H₂O and 3 ATP d) 1 molecule of O2 and 2 ATP

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules are used for the synthesis of a large number of biomolecules. Which two actions happen when bonds in ATP molecules are broken? Chemical energy is released. Electrical energy is released. Radiant energy is released. Thermal energy is released.

Select all that apply. Which statements correspond to cellular respiration? CO₂ diffuses passively into the cell. CO₂ diffuses passively out of the cell. O CO₂ must be pumped out of the cell. O₂ diffuses passively when produced inside the cell. O₂ diffuses passively when converted to CO₂. O₂ Is pumped in and forces CO₂ out.

A family took their newborn to the doctor. They were worried something was wrong because the baby seemed to be in constant pain. He had large amounts of lactic acid accumulating in his muscle cells. Doctors figured out that the child had a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from skeletal muscle cells. Which of the following statements explains what they found? The cells had been going through fermentation to produce energy. The muscles require extremely high levels of oxygen to function. The muscles required small amounts of sugar to function. The muscle cells cannot split glucose into pyruvic acid. The cells had died as a result of no mitochondria.

A student observes that she's always sleepy shortly after eating lunch, and she wants to be able to pay better attention in her mid-afternoon class. She tried doing 10 jumping jacks just before the class, but still felt sleepy around the middle of the class. The next day, she tried sipping water throughout the class and found that she could pay attention until the end of the class. The student now brings a water bottle to class. Identify how this student applied the scientific method to solve her problem.

Which of the following best describes the function of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD in eukaryotic cellular respiration? They participate in hydrolysis reactions by accepting protons from water molecules. They accept electrons during oxidation reduction reactions. They participate directly in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. They serve as final electron acceptors in the electron transport chain.

The advantage of aerobic cellular respiration to an animal is that the Must always use aerobic respiration for movement Must always use anaerobic respiration for movement Cannot release energy from food by anaerobic respiration Obtain more usable energy by aerobic respiration

If energy is needed to remove a phosphate group from a chain in ATP, you can conclude that the energy needed for production must be found outside the cell to maintain balance within proportional to the amount of food taken in by the cell equal to the amount of energy produced less than the amount of energy produced

ATP is converted into ADP when energy is needed by an organism. If water were not available in the mitochondria, what would most likely happen? Photosynthesis would increase. The organism would lose oxygen. Alcohol fermentation would begin. Cleavage would be prevented.

a. Depending on the organism, the optimal pH for enolase to catalyze its reaction is between 6.5 and 8.0. Describe how a pH below or above this range is likely to affect enolase and its catalytic ability. a) A pH below the range will affect the enolase and its catalytic ability to slow down because it doesn't have high enough temperature to for the enzyme to be used and grow within the yeast or cell. However, it will most likely be better for Saccharomyces cerevisiae because it grows best at lower temperatures which means lower pH. As well as a pH above the range will allow the enolase and catalytic ability to increase and allow Chloroflexus aurantiacus to grow a lot faster since it requires higher temperature or high pH levels. If the pH is extremely too high than it can probably cause the enzyme to burst, as well as ig the pH is too low it can cause it to shrivel up. a. Reread the question above and analyze the work. Explain how the response above could be improved or why this student lost credit.

Which of the following process does NOT generate ATP? Oxidative photophosphorylation Pyruvate oxidation Glycolysis All of these options generate ATP ATP Krebs cycle

A bowl of cereal and 40ml of ethanol roughly contain the same amount of potential energy. What is the main difference then between burning ethanol in a petri dish and burning glucose in your body? The burning of glucose in your body happens in small steps that only release a little energy at a time while burning ethanol releases the energy all at once. Burning ethanol releases energy while burning glucose releases only matter. The burning of ethanol happens much slower than the burning of glucose. There is no difference, both reactions occur the same way.

During class, we discussed how we can integrate fossil data with modern observations, specifically as it pertains to past, present, and future climates. In the space below, please explain how a research technique like leaf margin analysis exemplifies the principle of uniformitarianism and how it can ultimately help us to understand the current climate crisis and the impact it may have on the biosphere.

Which of the following is not true of anaerobic respiration? Involves glycolysis Generates some ATP Utilizes an electron transport system Uses the same final electron acceptor as aerobic respiration

Which of the following is not involved in the step that occurs between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle? NADH is formed CO₂ is released Coenzyme A attaches to an acetyl group Pyruvic acid accepts electrons from NADH

Exergonic reactions _____. include synthesis of large carbohydrates I only occur in heterotrophs release energy do not occur in anaerobic cellular respiration occur when ADP binds to inorganic phosphate to form ATP

Describe how sugar is chemically broken down during cellular respiration Include the balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration Describe the transfer of energy that occurs during cellular respiration Describe how the energy released during cellular respiration is used in the human body

Glycolysis is a metabolic process that is conducted by nearly all cells. However, in addition to glycolysis, some cells also make use of another metabolic process called the Krebs cycle. What does this tell you about the evolution of these processes? As a metabolic process, glycolysis likely evolved prior to the Krebs cycle As a metabolic process, the Krebs cycle likely evolved prior to glycolysis Both the Krebs cycle and glycolysis likely evolved at the same time

Where do the electrons for the electron transport system come from? Oxygen Reduced coenzymes Water Pyruvate

NADH has a lower electron affinity than FADH₂. Under standard conditions, the transfer of electrons from FADH2 to NAD* would be... energetically favorable energetically unfavorable energetically neutral

During oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, the electron transport chains respiratory complexes pump protons into the thylakoid space the matrix the outer membrane the intermembrane space

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? O There are two general types of cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic O In eukaryotes, the DNA is associated to proteins known as histones O Prokaryotes do not have mitochondria and, thus, they cannot do cellular respiration Organelles are intracellular structures enclosed by membranes O All the statements are correct

In the Calvin cycle, how many ATP molecules are required to regenerate RuBP from five G3P molecules? 3 2 1 5 4

The final products of glycolysis are 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ADP 2 pyruvate, 2 NAD", 2 ATP pyruvate, NADH, ATP I DON'T KNOW YET

How does CO₂ enter a plant? O Roots O Stomata O Stroma O Grana

Molecular oxygen is not involved in any of the reactions of the Kreb's cycle, however, the Kreb's cycle is considered a part of aerobic metabolism. Explain why this is not a contradiction. [4 A]

When bacteria in the soil fix nitrogen with hydrogen the process is called: * atmospheric fixation biological fixation respiration denitrification

Living plants perform photosynthesis, according to this reaction. 6CO₂ + 6H₂O ->C6H12O6 + 6O2 What remains the same throughout the photosynthetic process? A. the types of atoms present B. the types of molecules present C. the arrangement of the chemical bonds D. the amount of energy stored in the molecules

Under aerobic conditions, the total number of ATP's produced by glycolysis from the complete oxidation of glucose is A. 8 B. 4 C. 6 D. 2

The net number of ATP's produced in glycolysis under anaerobic conditions is(are) ___ A. 4 B. 6 C. 1 D. 2