Biology Questions

a classical C2b Microbe 03a C1 C4 C2a C4b C4a 8 Antigen Antibody

Font C2b C2 Complement System Activation a classical b alternative Microbe C3a C1 C4 Antigen Antibody C2a C4b C4a Cat Paragraph inflammation cytolysis opsonization C3a Microbe Microbe 51 Lipid carbohydrate complex Factors C3b inflammation cytolysis opsonization Drawing n 157 c lectin 62 Microbe 141 C2b 62a C4b C3 C3b Editing C4a Carbohydrate containing mannose Mannose binding lectin MBL inflammation cytolysis opsonization Voic

In the image below panel A shows the distribution of beak sizes in populations of two finch species that each live on different islands Panel B shows the distribution of beak sizes for populations of the same two species that both live on the same island What nost likely accounts for the greater divergence in beak sizes in sympatric finch species panel B A fuligines 0 40 0 30 0 20 0 10 2 fuliginoss G fortis Los Hermanos fortis Daphine Major 4 3 6 Bill depth mm 7 B G fuliginona 0 40 0 30 0 20 0 10 faliginosa G fortis fortis 2345 6 Bill depth mm Santa Cruz a interspecific competition based on limited resources among the population in panel B b increased strength of genetic drift experienced by populations in panel B C absence of phenotypic variance Vp within each species shown in panel A of

or Salamander w that live in a particular geographic region Over time a geographic barrier forms dividing the salamanders into two populations that split into two species w x Eventually more geographic barriers finally resulting in the formation of 4 separate species of salamanders w x y and z Which one of the phylogenetic trees best describes the relationships between these salamander species assuming that the structure of the phylogeny mirrors the order that geographic barriers form W Time a Tree A Ob Tree B W y A W Z X W wx X y Time W B Z W X y z Z W X C y

The phylogenetic tree at right with the root at the left represents the current best understanding of relationships among the human immunodeficiency viruses HIV that cause AIDS and simian immunodeficiency viruses SIV in other primates HIV includes two major groups of viruses HIV 1 the cause of the AIDS epidemic and HIV 2 each of which includes several groups or subtypes The primate hosts of each viral strain are indicated Which of the following statements is best supported by this phylogeny HIV 1 human HIV 1 human SIV chimpanzee SIV chimpanzee SIV chimpanzee HIV 1 human HIV I human SIV chimpanzee SIV L Hoest s monkey SIV sun tailed monkey SIV mandrill SIV vervet monkey SIV grivet monkey SIV tantalus monkey HIV 2 human HIV 2 human Low SIV sooty mangabey SIV sooty mangabey SIV Sykes s monkey O a HIV 1 in humans was derived at least twice from SIV in chimanzees O b HIV 1 and HIV 2 evolved from one common ancestral virus strain that was acquired by humans from one species of monkey c The HIV viruses are more closely related to each other than to the SIV viruses

This figure shows the relationship between the values of a phenotypic trait of parents and their offspring The x axis is the midparent value for the trait the average between the parents for the trait while the y axis is the value for the trait in the offspring The slope of a graph such can be used to determine the pring H d part un vals Oa Fitness O b Reproductive value OC Heritability O d Selection coefficient Oe Phenotypic ratio 24

Use the figure below to answer the following question Note that 0 represents the original character state within this lineage Which macroevolutionary pattern and explanation of why it is that pattern is shown in the figure below Time 0 Decreases Increases Character state Active trend because the mean value for the character state has changed Active trend because all lineages are similar or less than the original character state value Passive trend because the mean value for the character state decreased Passive trend because although the mean value for the character state value decreased some line

F O F G H Ob H I OCG H I O d F G H LJ OeAnswers a and b are both monophy GH I J K

You ve been researching a small population of mice that appear to have a Mendelian trait with respect to the color of their fur The dominant allele A1 confers dark fur while the recessive allele A2 results in light fur You round up a very large group of biology students who want extra credit to help you catch genotype and release 1300 mice You have the following genotype chart A1A1 435 A1A2 165 A2A2 700 There are not very many heterozygotes and you suspect that there may be some kind of selection acting against them for some reason The null hypothesis is that there is no selection on this trait and the population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium with respect to fur color Your first step is to find the allele frequencies To the nearest two decimal places what is the allele frequency for the A1 allele

ese possible hypotheses about stars in our universe as falsifiable or non falsifiable Millions of shining stars make the night sky incredibly beautiful The Sun is the most important star in the universe Falsifiable Stars are formed from enormous clouds made mainly of hydrogen and helium The twinkling of stars is an illusion that results from the stars radiation passing through Earth s atmosphere Non Falsifiable

Homework https ezto mheducation com ext map index html con con external browser 0 launchUrl https RNA primers are removed through enzymatic action to make two complete strands of DNA DNA is unwound at the A T rich origin of replication Helicases break the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs to unzip the helix Primase begins the new strands and DNA polymerase Ill adds nucleotides Single stranded binding proteins keep the strands separated Topoisomerases Overall direction of replication RNA primase ONA ANA DNA ge Saved Helicase Single strand binding proteins ONA polymera 3 5 1 2

The phylum of the worm shown above is Select rectangle is Select Select spicule scolex The structure encased by the

Drag the terms on the left to correctly complete these sentences Not all the terms will be used View Available Hint s centrosome s centromere s kinetochore s chromosome s sister chromatid s cytokinesis interphase mitotic spindle s chromatin 1 DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules called mitosis 2 After chromosomes condense the are most tightly attached to each other 3 During mitosis microtubules attach to chromosomes at the 4 In dividing cells most of the cell s growth occurs during 5 The and plays a role in cell division is the region where the identical DNA molecules Reset Help 8 The during mitosis which separate during is a cell structure consisting of microtubules which forms during early mitosis 7 In most eukaryotes division of the nucleus is followed by divides 6 During interphase most of the nucleus is filled with a complex of DNA and protein in a dispersed form called when the rest of the cell are the organizing centers for microtubules involved in separating chromosomes

The diagram below shows a bacterial replication fork and its principal proteins Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in the diagram to describe the name or function of each structure View Available Hint Coats single stranded DNA Breaks hydrogen bonds unwinding DNA double helix Synthesizes RNA primers on leading and lagging strands Synthesizes DNA 5 to 3 on leading and lagging strands Replaces RNA primers with DNA nucleotides Catalyzes phosphodiester bond formation joining DNA fragments Relaxes supercolled DNA Leading strand Lagging strand Group 1 Group 1 Group 1 Group 1 Group 2 Group 1 Group 1 Group 1 Overall direction of synthesis Group 2 Reset Help

Mitosis 2 of 3 Mechanism of Mitosis BioFlix tutorial Part A Identifying the stages of mitosis The stages of mitosis were originally defined by cellular features observable through a light microscope The six micrographs below show animal cells lung cells from a newt during the five stages of mitosis plus cytokinesis Note that interphase is not represented in these micrographs In these images the chromosomes have been stained blue microtubules green and microfilaments red Drag each micrograph to the target that indicates the stage of mitosis or cytokinesis shows View Available Hint s prophase prometaphase metaphase anaphase telophase Reset cytokinesis 3 of 10 Help

he diagram below shows a bacterial replication fork and its principal proteins rag the labels to their appropriate locations in the diagram to describe the name or function of each structure View Available Hint s Breaks hydrogen bonds unwinding DNA double helix e Relaxes supercoiled DNA Synthesizes RNA primers on leading and lagging strands Coats single stranded DNA Replaces RNA primers with DNA nucleotides Lagging strand Synthesizes DNA 5 to 3 on leading and lagging strands Reset Catalyzes phosphodiester bond formation joining DNA fragments Overall direction of synthesis Leading strand Help

As the chromosomes of a parent cell are duplicated and distributed to the two daughter cells during cell division the structure of the chromosomes changes Answer the three questions for each phase of the cell cycle by dragging the yes and no labels to the appropriate locations in the table Note Assume that by the end of the M phase the parent cell has not yet divided to form two daughter cells View Available Hint s yes no Changes in DNA structure during the cell cycle Submit Question 1 Are sister chromatids present in all or part of this phase 2 Is the DNA condensed in all or part of this phase 3 Does the cell contain twice as much DNA in this phase as it did in the G phase Previous Answers X Incorrect Try Again One attempt remaining G no no no S G Beginning of M prophase early anaphase Reset End of M late anaphase telophase Help tion 1 rocall that once sister chromatids separate from each other each chromatid becomes a full fledged chromosome Knowing this are sister

Part B Phases of the cell cycle The cell cycle represents the coordinated sequence of events in the life of a cell from its formation to its division into two daughter cells Most of the key events of the cell cycle are restricted to a specific time within the cycle In this exercise you will identify when various events occur during the cell cycle Recall that interphase consists of the G S and G subphases and that the M phase consists of mitosis and cytokinesis Drag each label to the appropriate target View Available Hint s Non dividing cells exit cell cycle Cell divides forming two daughter cells M checkpoint Mitotic spindle begins to form G checkpoint G G checkpoint At this point cell commits to go through the cycle d Two centrosomes have formed Adapted from Biology by Campbell and Reece 2008 Pearson Education Inc Reset DNA replicates Help

Chapter 09 Homework Mitosis 1 of 3 Mitosis and the Cell Cycle BioFlix tutorial The cell cycle represents the coordinated sequence of events in the life of a cell from its formation to its division into two daughter cells Most of the key events of the cell cycle are restricted to a spe time within the cycle In this exercise you will identify when various events occur during the cell cycle Recall that interphase consists of the G S and G subphases and that the M phase consists mitosis and cytokinesis Drag each label to the appropriate target View Available Hint s Two centrosomes have formed Cell divides forming two daughter cells At this point cell commits to go through the cycle Mitotic spindle begins to form DNA replicates Non dividing cells exit cell cycle f G checkpoint M checkpoint G G G checkpoint 6 Adapted from Biology by Campbell and Reece 2008 Pearson Education Inc 2 of 10 Reset Help

02 42 27 Question 43 of 60 A woman bought acreage in a distant county never went to see the acreage and did not use the grounds A man moved his mobile home onto the land had a water well drilled and lived there for 22 years The man may become the owner of the land if he has complied with the state law regarding OA adverse possession OB prescriptive easement C requirements for a valid conveyance OD voluntary alienation

Who was Prime Minister of Britain during Operation Sea Lion A Neville Chamberlain B King George VI C Winston Churchill D Clement Attlee

2 Book Ferences Fatigue COVID 19 exhibited a long list of possible signs and symptoms as scientists were learning about the disease Classify each item as a sign or a symptom Dry cough Labored breathing Headache Loss of taste or smell Body aches Fover Signs Symptoms Help Next Save E

Media Turbidity Mixed culture broth subculturing Aseptic transfer techniques agar slant Nutrients used to grow bacteria in the laboratory cloudiness in the medium inoculated with bacteria transfer microbes from one medium to another one Methods devised to prevent contaminating microbes from entering our Solid media in a test tube with an inclined surface liquid medium The sampling of a bacterial culture Two or more species of bacteria growing in the same medium Choose Two or more species of ba Choose Choose Choose1

1 DNA replicates in a mode 2 In the DNA given below which is the coding strand and which is the template strand What is the difference between the two 3 6 I 5 3 List all the enzymes involved in DNA replication and briefly mention their 4 Differentiate between transcription in Eukaryotes and prokaryotes 5 The scientists who pointed out for the first time that DNA is the genetic material are Hershey and Chase and 5 3 experiment They used Why How did their experiment show that DNA is the genetic material They use bacteriophage to conduct their to differentiate between protein and DNA

7 The same bacteria are now grown in a rich media which contains both glucose and lactose What source of sugar will the bacteria use How will the bacteria stop lac operon from turning on even in the presence of lactose

Which of the following happened as a result of the Government of India Act of 1858 A Mongol Invasion B Great Famine C the death of Buddha D Sepoy Rebellion

Fill in the blank What is the correct sequence of stages in the life cycle of the Chinese liver fluke To answer write the numbers with a space in between e g 1234567 1 adult 2 egg 3 metacercariae 4 miracidium 5 cercariae

What CLASS would you find this animal A B D C

Match the letter to the correct structure A A B D 60 000 C B M C Choose nucleus of the flame cell tubule of flame cell flame cell cilia of flame cell nephrostome of flame cell nephridiopore of flame cell intake slits of flame cell

4 points Match the following structure to the correct structure Ganglion neurons 53 Endodermal epithelial cell 54 Cilia Gland cell 55 56 www 55 Dana Ve 54 53 56 Choose epitheliomuscular cell nerve cell muscle cell nematocyst gland cell mesoglea nutritive cell cnidocyte mesohyl

Using this figure identify the structure at letter C A C B

Which type of cells have mitochondria O plant cells O animal cells O yeast cells O plant animal and yeast cells O prokaryotic cells

Using this picture fill in the structure at letter B Flow chart for movement of water in sponge canal system Ostium in Porocyte A Prosopyle B 35 C 35 Excurrent canal D Osculum Outside the body

What kind of appendages are these

Using this picture identify the region at letter A N C A B wwww

D Opportunistic fungal pathogens C 9 Candida albicans 1000x C 2 How do mold spores differ from bacterial endospores Pneumocystis carinii demo 400x or 1000x Questions 1 Why are antibiotics added to media that are designed for growing fungi e g Sabouraud s agar Antibiotics Prevent the growth of bacteria which would be a contaminant in a Fungal culture 3 Pathogenic bacteria are routinely cultured in clinical and research microbiology laboratories where pathogenic fungi are rarely cultured Why is this so 4 Compare and contrast the microscopic appearance of C albicans and T mentagrophytes 5 Compare the geographic distributions of C neoformans H capsulatum and C immitis

Which of the cells in this image shows type O blood Anti A Anti B Anti B Anti A 0 1 02 3 04 B B A 2 3

Technique 3 1 Event Event Production of Production of viable sperm viable oocytes Transport down the male duct system Sperm deposited in the female vagina Sperm move Transport through the down the female s repro uterine tube ductive tract Ovulation Meeting of sperm and oocyte in uterine tube Capture of the oocyte by the uterine tube Union of sperm and egg Implantation of blastocyst in properly prepared endometrium O birth control pill O tubal ligation O diaphragm morning after pill Birth 2 4 5 6 Which birth control method acts at 2 above 7 8 Technique

1 Inhibition of cell wall synthesis penicillins cephalosporins bacitracin vancomycin Replication DNA Transcription 3 Inhibition of nucleic acid replication and transcription quinolones rifampin mRNA 2 Inhibition of protein synthesis chloramphenicol erythromycin tetracyclines streptomycin Translation 4 Injury to plasma membrane polymyxin B Enzyme Protein Enzyme activity inhibition 5 Inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis sulfanilamide trimethoprim KEY CONCEPTS Antimicrobial drugs target certain essential functions of the microbe Mechanisms of action include inhibiting cell wall synthesis inhibiting protein synthesis inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis injuring the plasma

Spectrum of Antimicrobial Activity Treatment with broad spectrum antimicrobials can lead to superinfections Superinfection overgrowth of normal microbiota that is resistant to antimicrobials 1 Normal microbiota keeps opportunistic pathogens in check pathogen M 00 2 Broad spectrum antibiotics kill nonresistant cells 3 Drug resistant pathogens proliferate and can cause a superinfection

What is happening in this image O Normal oxygen transport O Allergic reaction O Blood clot is forming O None of these

10 Structure 2 Structure 3 Structure 6 12 11 13 Structure 11 14 15 B 16 17 www Peroxisome Centrioles Nucleus Choose Rough Endoplasmic Reticulur Golgi apparatus Choose AL Choose y

Use this figure to answer the questions below 3 5 2 Structure 2 O Structure 4 What structure number in the picture above contains the visual area O Structure 5 O Structure 8 6 O Structure 10 13 12 11 10 9 8

A method for the disinfection of milk that allows it to retain its palatability is O ultraviolet light pasteurization O tyndallization putooloving

hen a person is prescribed an antibiotic for a bacterial illness but they stop taking the antibiotic before they finish it what population of bacteria remain in their be the ones most sensitive to the antibiotic the ones most resistant to the antibiotic a mixture of the ones most sensitive and resistant to the antibiotic there is no way to predict ones that will remain all of these

The transfer of genetic material between bacteria in direct physical contact is called transformation transduction conjugation all of these

This open area is the O Oral cavity Nasal cavity O Oropharynx O Laryngopharynx

B A positively B negatively C neutral This painting is titled Louis XVIII lifting France from her ruins How do you think the artist felt about the legitimacy of European monarchies

Examine this painting of the Grand Army s Retreat from Moscow Which term best fits the mood of the image A gracious B celebratory C defeated D reverent

5 Give the scientific name 6 What type of sample is this slide made from