Biology Questions

Which of the following is NOT a pathogen that your immune system protects you from A UV light B bacterial C fungal D viral

A round worm is actually a which includes pseudocoelomate organisms A nematode B poriferan C vertebrate D platyhelminthes

Question 10 of 10 How is the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes different from methods used by prokaryotes A Eukaryotes do not use RNA polymerase for transcription B Promoter regions affect groups of genes called operons in eukaryotes C Histones make some genes unavailable for transcription in eukaryotes D Eukaryotes do not rely on noncoding sections of DNA for regulation SUBMIT

4 Listen What is the function description of the structure labeled as 1 2 A hole that a cell resides in Resists mechanical forces Recoils the tissue after it has been stretched Synthesizes and secretes collagen elastic and reticular fibers

John Endler hypothesized that female guppies prefer to mate with the most brightly colored males the females themselves do not have a lot of color In pools with lots of guppy predators however males remain fairly drab in color very little color Which of the following experiments would help support his hypothesis about female choice move brightly colored guppies into the pools with predators and see if they survive remove all females in a pool with or without predators and see if the color of the male guppies changes move females from a pool with brightly colored males to the pool with drab males and predators and see if the colors of the males change with time O remove the predators from a pool with drab males and see if the colors of the males change over time place tiny color blocking glasses on all female guppies and see which males they choose note guppies have no external ears so fitting them with glasses is very 16

of the following factors would NOT contribute to allopatric speciation A population becomes geographically isolated from the parent population Different mutations begin to distinguish the gene pools of the separated populations The separated population is small and genetic drift occurs Gene flow between the two populations is extensive The isolated population is exposed to different selection pressures than the ancestral population Question 16 1 point Listen frogs helonging to the same genus occasionally mate but the What is the mechanism for keeping the two frog

Where is this type of tissue found located 2 4 1 Center of epiphyses of long bones marrow cavity of diaphysis of long bones diploe of flat bones Epiglottis auricle of external ear Lines the ureters urinary bladder O Covers the ends of long bones forms costal cartilage Tendons most ligaments Trachea upper respiratory tract 3 Under skin around kidneys Outside region of osseous tissue Under epithelia Most of the digestive tract gallbladder

Organisms that possess homologous structures probably evolved from the same ancestor by chance had similar mutations in the past have increased genetic diversity are headed for extinction are not related Question 10 1 point Listen Why does female preference for certain males to breed with cause evolutionary onulation honge to compete with the other

the largest versions of the organisms organisms with more genetic diversity organisms with very few mutations organisms that have value to humans the most fit forms of the organisms Question 8 1 point selection is to produce Listen Why are vestigial structures in organisms such as the appendix in humans and reduced hind limb bones in some whales considered evidence for evolution because they show that organisms can change based on need use they demonstrates the law of use and disuse nower of mutations

Vestigial structures in organisms such as the appendix in humans and reduced hind limb bones in some whales considered evidence for evolution because they show that organisms can change based on need Obecause they demonstrates the law of use and disuse because they demonstrate the power of mutations because they represent evolutionary baggage inherited from a prior version of the organism because they are evidence of the development of new structures in organisms Question 9 1 point Listen Organisms that possess homologous structures probably evolved from the same ancestor ilor mutations in the past

What is the best overall function description of the tissue shown here 6 8 9 3 2 EXK 4 1 5 Protection transition zone between stratified and simple epithelia Creates a mostly impenetrable barrier through multiple layers of barriers and is composed of 4 strata Medium rate of diffusion of substances across a barrier with a moderate level of control over the diffusion process Create a barrier unidirectionally move debris along the passageway Allows for sustained stretch and still be able to recoil later Fast rate of diffusion of substances across a barrier with a low level of control over the diffusion process Creates a mostly impenetrable barrier through multiple layers of barriers and is composed of 5 strata Binds substances components together allows nutrient exchange Protection secretion transition zone between stratified and simple epithelia Slow rate of diffusion of substances across a barrier with a high level of control diffusion process

Where is this type of tissue found located 2 Under epithelia Most of the digestive tract gallbladder 1 3 Center of epiphyses of long bones marrow cavity of diaphysis of long bones diploe of flat bones Epiglottis auricle of external ear Lines the ureters urinary bladder Covers the ends of long bones forms costal cartilage Tendons most ligaments Trachea upper respiratory tract Under skin around kidneys Outside region of osseous tissue

Where is this type of tissue found located 1 2 4 6 5 Kidney tubules ducts and secretory portions of small glands Trachea upper respiratory tract Largest ducts of sweat glands mammary glands Under epithelia Moist linings of the esophagus mouth and vagina Kidney glomeruli air sacs of the lungs Small amounts in male urethra Lines the ureters urinary bladder Most of the digestive tract gallbladder Palms of hands sole of feet 3

In which of the following environments would you predict allopatric speciation would occur readily The pelagic zone of the ocean where there are no land masses A forest with large trees and several large fast moving rivers A desert that covers most of the interior region of Australia A tundra in the far north where the soil is permanently frozen A grassland that covers hundreds of square miles in a region

How would Darwin explain the fact that even though dogs have been artificially bred into many different looking breeds they can all still interbreed with one another indicating they are all the same species evolution can produce new forms of species but not new species Osignificant mutations must occur for a new species to form one species has to die off before a new one can form Omultiple species cannot form from a single species O the correct conditions and very long periods of time must elapse before new species can form

What tissue is shown in here 5 Compact bone Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Adipose tissue Spongy bone Dense regular connective tissue Simple cuboidal epithelium Hyaline cartilage Transitional epithelium 3 Areolar connective tissue Elastic cartilage 4 2

Listen Eastern and Western meadowlarks birds are two different species but have ranges that slightly over lap The two species look very similar to one another and sing similar songs Which of the following is the likely reason why biologists still consider them two different species individuals of the different species tend to fight one another each species builds a nest at a different height Ono hybrids of the two species have ever been found the two species have different diets any of these is enough to consider them two different species

Bird guides once listed the myrtle warbler and the Audubon s warbler as two distinct species Recently these birds have been re classified as eastern and western forms of a single species the yellow rumped warbler Which of the following pieces of evidence if true might be cause for this reclassification The two forms interbreed often in nature and their offspring have good survival and reproduction The two forms live in similar habitats The two forms have many genes in common The two forms have similar food requirements The two forms are very similar in coloration all of these

Listen together Some male sea lions have large group of females that all mate with him and produce offspring Females spend large amounts of time on the beach raising and caring for the babies while the male guards them How could determine if the females are choosing specific males to mate with or are choosing a specific area of beach to raise young on remove the male and see if survivorship of the bables changes alter the specific area of beach the females are using to see how they respond observe what the females do if the resident male is killed by another male who O then takes over move the females to another area of the beach and see what they do O compare the characteristics of the male sea lions from a variety of ifferent beach areas

Listen Which of the following is the least reliable place to look for evidence of homology among organisms O in the types of proteins produced by the organisms in the patterns of development in the DNA sequences in the outward appearance of organisms in the underlying structural anatomy Oir

What part of the fossil record is considered evidence for evolution by natural selection not all organisms form fossils when they die O the exact age of a fossil can not be determined fossils are only of older extinct organisms not modern day ones fossils have only been found in very few places fossils of many different kinds of organisms were often found together

In Darwin s time pigeon breeders had created many kinds of fancy pigeons that had altered body shapes extra long fathers or unique coloring that was different from the ancestral wild form Why was Darwin interested in this practice because it showed that pigeons were adapting to their environments because it showed that it is possible to create new species through selective breeding because it showed that people have a lot of control over animal species because it showed that the most fit pigeons survived because it showed that the pigeon form was not fixed and could be changed

Darwin studied the plants and animals of all the major continents he visited Asia Africa South America etc as well as the islands close by and compared them to each other What was the most significant observation he made in regard to this most species he studied could be found world wide the same types of habitats can be found on all continents Oisland species were always the same as those on the nearest continent the plants and animals on islands were identical wherever he went in the world each major continent appeared to have plants and animals that were similar to but not the same as other continents

Where is this type of tissue found located 7 6 2 1 Kidney tubules ducts and secretory portions of small glands Trachea upper respiratory tract Largest ducts of sweat glands mammary glands Under epithelia Moist linings of the esophagus mouth and vagina Kidney glomeruli air sacs of the lungs Small amounts in male urethra Lines the ureters urinary bladder Most of the digestive tract gallbladder Palms of hands sole of feet 9 3 5 8

Listen What structure is labeled as 1 7 6 2 Simple columnar epithelial cell Basement membrane Connective tissue Microvilli Goblet cells 4 ucus of goblet cells 1 9 3 5 8

Use the following figure to answer the following question The figure shows a map of some small islands off the coast of Japan Biologists measured the frequencies of two alleles named Aap 2a and Aap 2b in 9 different populations of the plant Suzukia luchuensis on various islands Each circle is a pie chart reflecting the frequency of the two alleles on that island An entirely dark circle would indicate that the population has a frequency of the Aap 2a allele 1 0 while an entire light circle would indicate an allele frequency of Aap 2b 1 0 A circle with frequencies of both alleles 0 5 would be half black etc For the questions that follow the islands are placed in three groups A five black circles B two white circles and C two black circles Assume for the sake of these questions that all three genotypes have equal fitness on all of the islands and that the population sizes on each island are large Group A 24 Group B Aap 2b Aap 2a Group C Additional sampling indicates that allele frequencies for thirteen other genes are identical among populations on all of the islands in Group A Which of the following statements is likely to be true based on the evidence Natural selection is stronger on some of these islands than others O There is migration occurring between the islands of Group A Genetic drift has independently resulted in fixation of Aap 2a on each island The water gap is preventing migration between islands

Gene 1 Gene 2 Gene 3 Gene 4 Gene 5 Gene 6 Gene 7 1 0 0 538 What is the average heterozygosity for Population 2 0 321 Population 1 Heterozygosity 0 127 0 14 0 09 0 11 0 21 0 00 0 34 0 00 No of alleles 4 2 3 3 1 5 1 Population 2 Heterozygosity 0 32 0 37 0 24 0 33 0 36 0 32 0 31 No of alleles 6 12 7 9 7 6 8

Snow geese Chen caerulescens come in two color types white snows and blues with dark bodies A single gene controls coloration where the dark blue allele D is dominant A population of 30 012 geese includes 20 776 dark individuals Genetic testing reveals that 746 of the 20 776 dark individuals are heterozygous Dd Use the table below to determine the critical value to compare to the chi square c statistic Is this population evolving Degrees of freedom 1 2 3 P 0 05 3 841 5 991 7 815

Consider a gene with two alleles C and M The table below describes fitness for different genotypes in two populations Population 1 Population 2 Fitness CC 1 0 0 9 CM 1 0 0 9 Assume that both populations begin with frequencies of 0 5 for each allele population size is infinite and there is no migration between populations O Frequency of M will increase Frequency of M will decrease Frequency of M will stay the same Frequency of M will change randomly MM 0 6 1 0 Based on the table how would you expect the frequency of M to change over time in population 1 k

ky Mountain juniper Juniperus scopulorum and one seeded juniper U monosperma have overlapping ranges If pollen grains which contain sperm cells from one species are unable to germinate and make pollen tubes on female ovules which contain egg cells of the other species then which of these terms is applicable Ohybrid breakdown behavioral isolation Omechanical isolation reduced hybrid viability

ch of the following is considered evidence for the idea of evolution by natural election Select all that apply 1 all known organisms the same proteins for the same functions all type of owls order Strigiformes have the same foot structure both birds and mammals have evolved powered flight in some members of their group the genetic code is the same for all organisms early in the development the embryos of humans and chickens look very similar

How is the phenomenon of genetic divergence related to the process of speciation

ale red winged blackbirds compete with other males for access to the best breeding territories Females then decide which territory that want to breed in What type of selection is occurring here Odivergent selection intersexual selection dimorphic selection intrasexual selection there is no selection because the females pick a territory to breed in not a specific male

les of different species of the fruit fly Drosophila that live in the same parts of the Hawaiian Islands have different elaborate courtship rituals These rituals involve fighting other males and making stylized movements that attract females What type of reproductive isolation does this represent habitat isolation behavioral isolation temporal isolation postzygotic barriers Ogametic isolation

untain juniper Juniperus scopulorum and one seeded juniper U monosperma have overlapping ranges If pollen grains which contain sperm cells from one species are unable to germinate and make pollen tubes on female ovales which contain egg cells of the other species then which of these terms are applicable postzygotic isolation O sympatric species reduced hybrid fertility Oprezygotic isolation habitat isolation

guides once listed the myrtle warbler and the Audubon s warbler as two distinct species Recently these birds have been re classified as eastern and western forms of a single species the yellow rumped warbler Which of the following pieces of evidence if true might be cause for this reclassification The two forms interbreed often in nature and their offspring have good survival and reproduction The two forms sing very similar songs The two forms have many genes in common The two forms have similar food requirements The two forms are very similar in coloration all of these

Female guppies fish prefer to mate with males that have bright orange tails In a fish tank biologists added blue yellow and orange tailed males and equal numbers of females Predict what would happen to the color of the male guppies after a few generations of breeding Is this evolution What mechanism of evolution is at work here

Which of the following factors would promote allopatric speciation Different mutations begin to distinguish the gene pools of the separated populations Gene flow between the two populations is extensive A population has a very large geographic distribution The separated population is isolated only briefly The isolated population is exposed to the same selection pressures as the ancestral population

Female red winged blackbirds preferentially choose males with the best songs and the brightest red patches on their wings The chosen males leave more offspring than other males What is this an example of Select all that apply a bottleneck sexual selection genetic drift natural selection none of these

Why does female preference for certain males to breed with cause evolutionary change in a population because the less chosen males will start to change to compete with the other males because choosing specific males for breeding means that the population will get smaller resulting in genetic drift because the females will start to change to become more like the most often chosen males Obecause not all males in the population will reproduce at the same rate because female choice produces gene flow which changes the population

Two species of water lilies in the same pond do not interbreed because one blooms at night and the other blooms during the day The reproductive barrier between them is an example of Omechanical isolation hybrid breakdown ecological isolation O gametic isolation temporal isolation

Why are vestigial structures in organisms such as the appendix in humans and reduced hind limb bones in some whales considered evidence for evolution O because they represent evolutionary baggage inherited from a prior version of the organism because they show that organisms can change based on need because they demonstrate the power of mutations because they are evidence of the development of new structures in organisms Obecause they demonstrates the law of use and disuse

Two species of frogs belonging to the same genus occasionally mate but the offspring fail to develop and hatch What is the mechanism for keeping the two frog species separate the prezygotic barrier called hybrid sterility the postzygotic barrier called hybrid inviability the postzygotic barrier called hybrid breakdown gametic isolation

ganisms that possess homologous structures probably by chance had similar mutations in the past are headed for extinction Ohave increased genetic diversity O evolved from the same ancestor are not related Question 9 1 point

in s time pigeon breeders had created many kinds of fancy pigeons that had altered body shapes extra long fathers or unique coloring that was different from the ancestral wild form Why was Darwin interested in this practice Obecause it showed that the most fit pigeons survived O because it showed that the pigeon form was not fixed and could be changed Obecause it showed that people have a lot of control over animal species because it showed that it is possible to create new species through selective breeding O Obecause it showed that pigeons were adapting to their environments

mans play in artificial selection is to train organisms to breed more successfully determine who lives and who dies create the genetic variants which nature then selects Oselect the two species to breed together choose which organisms breed and which do not Question 7 1 point Listen

Why do islands tend to have unique species found no where else mutation rates are higher in small populations found on islands most islands have very little food so this increases competition which leads to new species islands species never have any predators and so can be different from mainland species islands are mostly isolated which reduces gene flow this ultimately can lead to new species forming over time Omost islands are extreme habitats that only certain types of organisms can

Some ways we are forcing the artificial selection of resistant HIV in patients by treating them with medications Why is this the case the medications cause the virus to mutate in order to survive Opatients eventually become resistant to the medicines so new ones must be used in the presence of the medications only the most resistant versions of the viruses survive O HIV is able to learn which medications are being used and avoid them O viruses initially affected by the medicines eventually become immune to them Question 6 1 point

In Darwin s phrase Descent with modification what does the descent part refer to O the idea that simple organisms can come from more complex ones O the idea that characteristics in organisms can evolve in response to need the idea that an organism s from can change over its lifetime O the idea that parent organisms pass traits onto their offspring the idea that the overall trend in evolution is to produce simpler organisms over O time

ing to Darwin which of the following had the MOST impact in driving the evolution of organisms the genes of organisms the sizes of the organisms and their life span the habitat the organisms live in O the population sizes of the organisms O the number of offspring each type of organism could produce in its life time Question 5 1 point Listen