Biology Questions

1 A population of organisms will only grow exponentially if A resources are unlimited C resources are limited B they emigrate often D they do not compete

Which are examples of biotic factors 2 points Air Sunlight Bacteria Animals Which are examples of abiotic factors Fungi pH Plants Temperature 2 points

someplace you ve lived before Your answer How was this lesson Please be honest Awful the worst 1 O 2 O 3 O 4 5 O Amazing the best WAZI

A group of fish that are the same species are O An individual O A population A community An ecosystem Different species of fish crabs grass and jellyfish in the ocean are an example of O An individual O A population O A community An ecosystem 1 point 1 point

un Identify given THE INFORMATION BELOW FIND THE TIME OF DAY FOR EACH position 6AM 6PM 12 AM 12PM 9AM apm 3AM 3pm ginen EARTH 2 shade the dark side of 3 SUN f 1 7 1 2 3 4 6 7 9 9

George has Galactosemia It is autosomal recessive His younger brother Fred does not have the disease nor do his parents The probability that Fred is a heterozygote is O1 8 1 4 1 3

If the P generation is AABBCC aabbcc what is the probability of getting an offspring with genotype AaBbcc in the F2 generation 01 16 1 8

How many different gamete types can an individual with genotype aaBBCcDd make O C 2 4 8

Ana has cystic fibrosis a recessive condition Her brother Frank does not have the disease nor do either of their parents What is the probability that Frank is a carrier for cystic fibrosis 1 4 1 3 1 2 2 3

What is the probability of a pea plant with genotype PpYy producing a gamete with genotype py O 1 4 O 1 2 3 4

In a cross of AaBb x AaBb what fraction of the offspring can be expected to express one of the two dominant alleles but not both 1 2 3 16 9 16 3 8

A single gene test cross is conducted to determine the genotype of a pea plant that shows the dominant phenotype for seed shape R round r wrinkled If all offspring of the cross show the dominant phenotype then the genotype of the unknown parent is most likely RR

Allele for purple flowers Locus for flower color gene Allele for white flowers Pair of homologous chromosomes Each chromosome in this homologous pair possesses a different allele for flower color Which statement about this homologous pair of chromosomes is correct These homologous chromosomes represent a maternal and a paternal chromosome Each of these homologous chromosomes consists of a single chromatid Therefore they must come from a haploid cell These homologous chromosomes are formed by DNA replication

Suppose that in barley plants the allele for tall stalks is dominant over short stalks and the allele for wide leaves is dominant over thin leaves What would be the best way to determine the genotype of a barley plant with a tall stalk and wide leaves Perform a testcross with a known heterozygous barley plant Perform a testcross with a barley plant that has a tall stalk and wide leaves Perform a testcross with a barley plant that has a tall stalk and thin leaves Perform a testcross with a barley plant that has a short stalk and thin leaves

You have a pea plant that exhibits the dominant trait of green pods You cross this plant to a true breeding plant with the recessive trait of yellow pods Half of the offspring from this cross have green pods and the other half have yellow pods Which of the following statements is true The parent with green pods was true breeding for green pods The parent with yellow pods was heterozygous for this character The parent with green pods had the genotype GG The parent with green pods had the genotype Gg The parent with yellow pods had the genotype Gg

1 Sleeping is an adventure for astronauts 2 Some astronauts like to float free in the Shuttle to sleep gently bouncing off a wall once in a while 3 Other astronauts sleep better if they are zipped into a sleeping bag 4 This feels more like sleeping in a bed on Earth 5 There s even a little pillow they can fasten to their heads with a strap 6 Astronauts have a hard time staying clean in space 7 There is no shower or bathtub on the Shuttle so astronauts have to take sponge baths 8 They can brush their teeth the regular way but have to be careful that toothpaste globs don t drift away 9 All the trash and garbage has to be brought back to Earth 1 Choose the sentence that would most likely appear as the last sentence in the passage OA Altogether life on a Shuttle is little harder than life on Earth OB Also life on a shuttle is a little harder than life on Earth OC OD For example life on a Shuttle is a little harder than life on Earth In the same way the astronauts take time on the Shuttle to play

How is glycolysis affected by citrate from the citric acid cycle

Can you please make a question about glycolysis in boday and answer it in your own words

Why is the citric acid cycle important and how is it regulated

Can the citric acid cycle be simplified or broken down into fewer steps

graphs show the relationship between the weekly sea surface temperature anomalies WSSTA and coral cover during two twelve month periods 1998 99 and 2002 03 which were the warmest in the six year study Each dot represents one studied reef 80 Coral cover 60 40 20 0 5 O 8 Coral cover 80 60 40 20 0 O 0 O 10 15 20 25 30 35 1998 1999 2002 2003 Weekly sea surface temperature anomalies WSSTA c i Compare and contrast the data for 1998 1999 and 2002 2003 2 5 00 10 15

c Suggest a d Some scientists predict that if humans continue to produce carbon dioxide at the current rate the pH of the oceans will become more acidic Suggest possible effects on the coral reefs 3 for the e This study was carried out over six years on the Australian Great Barrier Reef State one advantage of field rimento

6 Deforestation and agricultural activities including the production of crops and livestock are thought to play a major role in the greenhouse effect The graph shows annual trends in rates of deforestation and the production of soybeans and cattle in the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil in the period from 2001 to 2010 What conclusion can be drawn from the information in this graph A The decline in rates of deforestation led to an increase in production of CO2 Annual production production in 2001 2 800 A 2003 2005 2007 2009 1 1200 2001 1000 600 400 200 0 Key o soybeans cattle deforestation B Soybean production accounted for a greater proportion of deforestation than cattle production C Forest habitats declined during the first few years of the study D The decline in rates of deforestation is due to an increase in soybean production Rates of defo thousand hectares y

7 Euglena is a unicellular organism that feeds on bacteria and uses CO as a carbon source Which describes the nutrition of this organism A Autotrophic only B Heterotrophic only C Saprotrophic only D Autotrophic and heterotrophic 8 Which characteristic of water vapour classifies it as a greenhouse gas A It absorbs and then re emits some of the long wave radiation emitted by the Earth s surface B It prevents short wave radiation from reaching the Earth s surface C It absorbs UV radiation but does not re emit it D It absorbs infra red radiation but does not re emit it 9 By which mechanism do greenhouse gases contribute to global warming A Their higher concentration absorbs more long wave radiation coming from the Sun B Short wave radiation emitted from the Earth s surface increases with their concentration C They absorb higher amounts of long wave radiation emitted from the Earth s surface as their concentration increases D They absorb higher amounts of short wave radiation caused by increased combustion of fossilized organic matter

1 Which activity directly contributes the most to recent increases in atmospheric CO concentrations A Landfills B Planting trees C Cattle rearing D Burning of fossil fuels 2 What is a potential consequence of the rise in global temperatures A Increased exposure to UV light due to ozone depletion B Increase in ocean pH threatening the survival of marine organisms that require calcium carbonate C Decrease in the number and severity of storms due to the increased evaporation D Changes to circulating ocean currents 3 How do greenhouse gases contribute to global warming A They destroy the ozone layer allowing radiation to reach the Earth s surface B They prevent radiation from the Earth escaping into space C They trap short wavelength radiation in the atmosphere Name D They are a product of combustion which generates heat ab to colpo 4 Which gases have made the most significant contributions to global warming A Water and carbon dioxide B Carbon dioxide and methane C Methane and nitrous oxide D Carbon dioxide and ozone

One enzyme activates another enzyme which activates another enzyme Enzyme P can have two possible substrates R and S

Labels A collection of unrelated enzymes at the plasma membrane Enzyme Q breaks down substrate A into products X Y and Z A 6 carbon molecule is converted into a 5 carbon molecule which is converted into a 4 carbon molecule Drop Zones6 Metabolic Pathway 1 2 Reset All Not a metabolic pathway 2 2

8 Based on a variety of experiments it is known that the rate of photosynthesis is highest when wavelengths of light between 400 and 500 nm are used and when wavelengths around 700 nm are used What does this indicate about the relative importance of chlorophyll a and b in photosynthesis rences Multiple Choice Reflection of light by chlorophyll a and b is essential for the process of photosynthesis The combined reflection of light by chlorophyll a and absorption of light by chlorophyll b are essential for the process of photosynthesis Absorption of light by chlorophyll a and b is essential for the process of photosynthesis Chlorophyll a and b are much less important than other pigments in the reflection absorption and transmission of light relevant to photosynthesis Transmission of light by chlorophylla and b is essential for the process of photosynthesis

Which statements describe independent assortment Check all that apply Independent assortment occurs during meiosis II Independent assortment happens during fertilization Independent assortment results in different combinations of genes in sex cells O Independent assortment makes offspring identical to their parents Independent assortment occurs when chromosomes randomly line up in the middle of the c

D Analyze the following diagrams to answer the questions that follow Below is an example of dehydration synthesis In dehydration synthesis a hydrogen atom from one molecule Joins with a hydroxyl group OH from another molecule to form water leaving two molecules bonded to the same oxygen atom For example when glucose and fructose combine by dehydration synthesis they form sucrose and water HO HO CHLO 8 OH OH CH OH OH OH CHLO 2 KOH OH HO CH OH OH OH OH Below is an example of hydrolysis Complex organic molecules are broken down by the addition of the components of water H and OH I OK OK HO CHCH 4 0 OH HO OK CH CH OH 1 What are the reactants of the dehydration synthesis reaction 2 What are the products of the hydrolysis reaction 3 How are these two reactions related CH OH D 041 OK OH OH OH HO CH OH OH 4 0 CH OK

B Examine each example Indicate if each of the following is an example of dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis Reaction 1 66 66 Reaction 2 Reaction 3 Reaction 4 OH EGL TOL OH HO 2 Hydrolysis CON Protein carbohydrate or lipid synthesis OH Digestion of proteins carbohydrate or lipid 1 0 I C Explain in your own words How can you tell if a chemical equation represents 1 Dehydration synthesis

Based on the bacterial growth curve shown below what is the growth rate constant k of this particular bacterial species Show all work round the final answer to 2 decimal places and make sure to include the appropriate units 3 pts Bacterial Concentration bacteria mL 1 09E 08 6 72E 07

If a bacterial species has a generation time of 26 minutes when grown at 37 C in tryptic soy broth TSB with shaking aeration what is the growth rate constant of this bacterial species Show all work round the final answer to 2 decimal places and make sure to include the appropriate units 1 pt

Treponema pallidum the bacterial species that causes syphilis grows extremely slowly with a doubling time of 30 hours Max is doing research on this bacterium and needs a culture with greater than 3 5 x 10 bacteria mL for their next experiment Max starts a culture that initially contains 6741 bacteria mL and grows the culture under optimal conditions for 7 days At the end of 7 days would Max have enough bacteria to perform their experiment Show all work use scientific notation in the format a aa x 10 and make sure to include the appropriate units 3 pts

When you walk into the lab your instructor hands you a cuvette that contains a sample of a bacterial culture and asks you to read the optical density OD of the sample in the spectrophotometer The reading you get is 0 85 Your instructor then informs you that in the past the OD reading for this bacterium during its stationary phase has ALWAYS been 1 3 Just by the 0 85 OD reading can you tell what growth phase the bacterium is in Explain why or why not 4 pts

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE Multiple Choice O O Enzymes can make a nonspontaneous reaction spontaneous As more substrate is added the reaction will continue to occur faster and faster An enzyme can couple a nonspontaneous reaction to a spontaneous reaction so that anabolic processes wi Catabolic reactions are spontaneous and do not require enzymes to occur in the cell

The role of ATP Complete the sentences with the appropriate words 1 Cells use Click to select to power most cellular activities that require work 2 ATP is most often used to drive an Click to select 3 In substrate level phosphorylation ATP is formed when a Click to select 4 ATP is synthesized by Click to select in oxidative phosphorylation 5 ATP synthesis is driven b Click to select ATP ATP synthase endergonic exergonic hydrogen lon NAD NADH oxygen phosphate group reduction reaction reactions 4 is transferred directly to ADP

Effect of adding an enzyme to an exergonic reaction Your friend is studying a specific exergonic reaction Your friend hypothesizes that the addition of enzyme X will reduce the AG of this reaction thus allowing it to proceed spontaneously What do you think of your friend s hypothesis Multiple Choice This is a good hypothesis that fits with what is known about this reaction O Exergonic reactions never proceed spontaneously so this hypothesis does not fit with what is known about this reaction Enzymes do not change AG so this hypothesis does not fit with what is known about this reaction Exergonic reactions cannot benefit from the use of an enzyme so this hypothesis does not fit with what is known about this reaction

Enzymes assistance in the occurrence of reaction Enzymes catalyze reactions by Multiple Choice Oraising activation energy O decreasing the entropy of the reaction O lowering activation energy adding energy to the reaction

Enzymes are Multiple Choice O O O proteins carbohydrates steroids lipids nucleic acids

What type of organism is a salmon Atlantic salmon B C benthos zooplankton nekton

Crab digging in the sand A B zooplankton phytoplankton

Entropy increases 6 1 2 4 45 A 1 Example Requires energy Types of reactions 2 Example Releases energy 4 Reactions Type of molecule 7 8 Conformation change Competitive Inhibitor binds to 9 A 8 Lowers activation energy 5 A Enzymes ADP POATP C Exergonic D Catalyst Non competitive Inhibitor binds to ATPADP PO 4 Inhibition 10

It is summer and you are excited about going to your local amusement park and specifically about riding the new roller coaster that was just built You imagine waiting at the top of the stairs for the roller coaster to pull into the station climbing into the car strapping yourself into the seatbelt and pulling down the harness You can imagine the cars slowly chugging up to the top of the first hill coming down on the other side and the excitement you expect to feel as you go along for the ride Of all of the things that you have imagined which is an example of potential energy O Waiting at the top of the stairs for the roller coaster to pull into the station O Climbing into the car O Pulling down the harness O The roller coaster car going up the first hill QUESTION 10 You eat a bowl of beans as part of your dinner As you digest the beans the proteins that are present get broken down to their component amino acids As your body destroys the macromolecules that were present in the beans is the energy present in those molecules destroyed O Yes By breaking down these macromolecules some of the energy they contained is destroyed O No While the vast majority of the energy contained in these macromolecules is converted to heat it is not actually destroyed O No The energy contained within these macromolecules is converted into other forms of chemical energy and kinetic energy though some is lost as heat O No Breaking down molecules does not lead to the release of energy

In order to reuse an enzyme after the conclusion of an enzyme catalyzed reaction what must occur O the enzyme has to be resynthesized O the enzyme has to separate itself from the product O changes into an active form O the enzyme has to decrease entropy QUESTION 8 You are studying an enzyme catalyzed reaction that induces a particular cellular activity in the lab If you wanted to slow down that particular cellular activity by controlling the enzyme what could you do O Decrease the temperature of the incubator where the cells are growing O Increase the pH of the media the cells are growing in to the optimum pH O Add cofactors to the media the cells are growing in O Add an allosteric activator to the cells QUESTION 9

QUESTION S A calorie is the commonly used unit of chemical energy It is also the unit of O light O magnetism O sound O heat O radioactivity QUESTION 6 The ultimate source of energy for humans comes from what source O The sun O Plants O Water O Air

QUESTION 3 A particular chemical reaction is exergonic What can you say about the relationship between the reactants and the products in this exergonic reaction O The reactants have more free energy than the products O The reactants are likely more disordered and the products are likely more ordered O The reactants cannot spontaneously react to generate the products O The reactants likely have lower enthalpy than the products QUESTION 4 Kinases are enzymes that can phosphorylate transfer phosphate groups onto macromolecules such as proteins A particular kinase Kinase 1 is known to promote cell division It promotes cell division by phosphorylating Protein X Phosphorylation of Protein X activates Protein X Once activated Protein X stimulates the production of other proteins such as Protein Y and Z that directly promote cell division In order to function Kinase 1 requires the presence of Metal A However in the presence of Protein A Kinase 1 is nonfunctional From the description what is considered the substrate of Kinase 1 O Protein X O Protein Y O Protein Z O Metal A O Protein A

QUESTION 2 Oxidation and reduction reactions are chemical processes that result in a gain or loss of O atoms neutrons O electrons molecules O protons QUESTION 3 A particular chemical reaction is exergonic What can you say about the relationship between the reactants and the products in this exergonic reaction notonts have more free energy than the products

QUESTION 1 Energy is defined as O heat the capacity to do work change O movement

estion 9 2 points Save Answer Food labels provide you with the number of Calories in a serving of food however this is not the total number of calories If a food label says at item has 80 Calories how many calories is it actually providing O 80 O 80 000 8 000 800