Biology Questions

estion 7 2 points Save Answe In California a species of salamanders were geographically separated over time The group that lived in southern California relied heavily on large gold blotches on their skin that helped to camouflage them from predators The group that lived along the coast adopted a color pattern that mimicked a poisonous colorful newt common to that area Instead of being camouflaged these salamanders advertised their colors What type of selection process has occurred over time O theoretical selection O artificial selection experimental selection O natural selection

estion 8 The same basic array of bones is modified to give rise to the wing of a bat and the fin of a porpoise Such anatomical structures are called O uniform O inherited O homologous O analogous O evolutionary modifications

uestion 3 What common life characteristic would cells from a daisy an apple and a dog all have O DNA O tissues O organs O viruses

estion 2 Experiments are carried out to test a hypothesis by changing one variable at a time and including an unchanged variable termed a n O experimental variable O altered variable O control

estion 1 Based on hierarchical levels of biological organization which of these choices represents the broadest level O Endocrine system O3 toed sloths O School of piranhas Amazon Basin O Jaguars giant anteaters macaws capybaras

d Identify and explain one output of the bottled water production and consumption system that could have a negative effect on the environment

The metabolic pathways of facultative organisms O allow organisms to switch between aerobic and anaerobic energy transformations O can function only in the absence of oxygen O occur only in bacteria can function only in the presence of oxygen

b How much energy in barrels of oil would be required to produce the amount of tap water equivalent to the amount of bottled water consumed in 2007 How many liters of tap water could be produced per barrel of oil

During glycolysis aldolase catalyzes the breakdown of fructose 1 6 bisphosphate to produce Ophosphoenolpyruvate dihydroxyacetone phosphate fructose 6 phosphate A and B

Which of the following statements best describes the role of NAD NADH in glycolysis NADH is used to directly create the phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP NAD accepts electrons NADH accepts electrons during fermentation NADH is used primarily in substrate level phosphorylation

The grass output of ATP from glycolysis is 2 4 2 1 whereas the net output of ATP is

B oxidation O is the second step in the oxidation of glucose is a process used to oxidize fatty acids O is a process used to digest some polysaccharides O occurs in the cytoplasm

Each of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is true except oxidation by transfer of electrons to coenzymes occurs at two steps substrate level phosphorylation generates ATP GTP at one step decarboxylation to release CO2 occurs at two steps acetate enters the citric acid cycle and joins a four carbon acceptor molecule to form citrate

Each of the following citric acid cycle enzymes catalyzes electron transfer to NADH FADH2 except x ketoglutarate dehydrogenase succinyl CoA synthetase isocitrate dehydrogenase succinate dehydrogenase

In eukaryotes pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA in O during passage through the inner mitochondrial membrane during passage through the mitochondrial outer membrane in the mitochondrial matrix in the cellular cytosol

Part 3 Match each diagram with its correct description Diagrams will be used once A B O O O C O O D 1 Pure Element only one type of atom present 2 Mixture of two elements two types of uncombined atoms present 3 Pure compound only one type of compound present 4 Mixture of two compounds two types of compounds present 5 Mixture of a compound and an element O E Die O

The two most common pathways for fermentation convert pyruvate to lactate or glucose acetyl CoA or lactate acetyl CoA or ethanol lactate or ethanol

In the enzyme experiment which enzyme converted hydrogen peroxide H 02 into oxygen 0 and water H O Lactase Amylase Catalase Protease

In the enzyme experiment to determine the rate of enzymatic activity you could have measured the consumption of what H O2 02 H O

You would expect the digestive enzymes of a tropical fish to have peak efficiency at which temperature At or near freezing Around 25 degrees Celcius 10 15 degrees Celcius

Why did the enzymatic rate of activity increase as the temperature increased from 5 C to 35 C but then decrease as the temperature continued to increase from 35 C to 60 C Going from 5 C to 35 C brings the temperature closer to the average body temperature of a bovine but going from 35 C to 60 C goes too far beyond the average body temperature of a bovine Going from 5 C to 35 C brings the temperature closer to the average body temperature of a bovine but after reaching the optimal temperature there is no more enzyme left to continue the reaction

In the temperature experiment which temperature produced the greatest rate of enzymatic activity 60 C 5 C 35 C

of the average body temperature of a dog is 39 C at what temperature would you expect canine catalas enzyme to function most optimally 39 C 50 C 30 C

If you repeated this experiment with an extreme acidophilic bacteria which of the following pH levels would likely have the highest rate of enzymatic activity pH 1 pH 5 pH 12 pH 14 pH 12 pH 14 pH 5 pH 1

If you transferred bovine catalase to an organism whose optimal pH is 3 2 would you expect the bovine catalase to work more or less effectively than it did in the bovine The same efficacy as in a bovine More effectively Less effectively

You conduct an experiment to see how color of light affects photosynthesis in spinach According to these data which light is best for promoting photosynthesis in spinach Color of light Floating disks White Red Blue Green white red blue 100 70 80 10

Although they have no back legs whales are born with a pelvic bone Which term best describes the pelvis of a whale C 0 00 0 10 A vestigial structure Speed 1x

skeletal structures but different uses In comparative anatomy what type of structures are they C 0 00 0 19 Humerus Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges A 2104 HUMAN common B homologous Speed 1x CAT Paused WHALE BAT

Which of the following are produced during thecitric acid cycle ATP and NAD a proton gradient pyruvate ATP and NADH ATP NADH and FADH 2 oxygen

The electron transport chain consists of a series of redox reactions in which electrons are transferred to oxygen as the final electron acceptor true O false

As you see in Figure 10 20 the plasma membrane of the muscle cell AKA the sarcolemma extends into the muscle cell so that the action potential can travel deep into the cell along the axon terminal motor end plate T tubule terminal cisternae

Calcium ions bind to the regulatory protein actin myosin Otropomyosin tronanin

Turn to The Big Picture of Skeletal Muscle Contraction Figure 10 20 FYI there is also an animation on Mastering A P Put the five stages of skeletal muscle contraction in order 5 ww 4 2 1 3 V relaxation contraction excitation preparation for contraction excitation contraction coupling

With calcium and ATP present contraction can occur The myosin head cocks bind to actin and myosin pulls actin toward the center of the sarcomere This movement of myosin is called the and it is responsible for contraction action potential filament switch power stroke resting membrane potential

At rest calcium ions are stored in the of the muscle cell Once the action potential is received calcium ions are released into the mitochondria cytoplasm nucleus extracellular space sarcoplasmic reticulum cytosol T tubule terminal cisternae

When the action potential stops the muscle will relax The calcium ions are pumpec back into the O rough endoplasmic reticulum Olysosomes peroxisome sarcoplasmic reticulum

The resting membrane potential or electrical voltage present at the membrane in a resting muscle cell is measured to be 90mV 60mV 45mV Amy 111

How many ATP are required for each turn of the crossbridge cycle zero one two four

Look at Figure 10 14 the Neuromuscular Junction NMJ Where is the NMJ located at the plasma membrane of the muscle cell on either end of the muscle fiber at the triad made of 2 terminal cisternae and 1 T tubule at the mitochondria of the muscle cell

The crossbridge cycle which moves the thick filaments along the thin filaments shortening the sarcomere involves repeatedly binding to the myosin heads bind to troponin the myosin heads bind to the myosin tail the myosin heads bind to the actin active site the myosin heads bind to the tropomyosin

What is the name for the mechanism that explains how a muscle fiber contracts the filament size theory of contraction the overlapping myofilament theory of contraction the sliding filament theory of contraction the sacromere shortening theory of contraction

How does neurotransmitter released by the neuron at the NMJ cause a signal at tl motor end plate the neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the motor end plate the neurotransmitter diffuses through the motor end plate the neurotransmitter activates an enzyme on the motor end plate the neurotransmitter activates a transcription factor

Those calcium ions bind to troponin causing tropomyosin to move which exposes the active sites of the contractile protein O actin hemoglobin myoglobin myosin

Sodium ions moving into the cell trigger an action potential on the muscle cell The action potential sweeps across the muscle cell and down the T tubule This then causes release of ions from the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum look at Figure 10 16 calcium potassium sodium

Match each event with the protein responsible one event is used twice 0000 sodium potassium pump voltage gated sodium channels potassium leak channels voltage gated potassium channels 1 resting membrane potential 2 depolarization 3 repolarization

At the NMJ the neuron sends a signal to the muscle cell by releasing chemical neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft Which type of neurotransmitter is used by neurons at the NMJ acetylcholine ACh dopamine epinephrine EPI serotonin 5 HT

Once the acetylcholine binds to its receptor on the motor end plate that receptor is activated it opens and ions move into the myocyte calcium potassium sodium

Place the events of the action potential in order Start with resting membrane potential repolarization depolarization resting membrane potential

6 9 4 2 23 24 5 17 18 20 21 iz Information Listen Match each term for a property of muscle cells with its definition contractility elasticity excitability conductivity distensibility the ability of proteins within muscle cells to draw together 2 the ability to respond to a stimulus the ability to move an electrical signal along the plasma membrane 1 3 4 the ability to stretch 5 the ability to return to the original non stretched shape and size

The dark band or stripe that you see in striations is formed by the thick filaments thin filaments elastic filaments