Biomolecules Questions and Answers

3 is the high energy In cells A Atp B RNA C DNA D Enzymes Molecule

After ingestion of a food particle pH changes and enzymes contributed by the particle in the phagocytic vacuole O Plasma membrane Mitochondria Lysosome Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus will digest and hydrolyze the ingested

2 Which process is explained by the triplet hypothesis a b C d e the three stage process of DNA transcription translation and regulation the mechanisms by which proteins unwind DNA and copy its sense strand the creation of mRNA by removing introns during the processing of pre mRN transcripts in the nucleus the possible grouping of nucleotides that code for one amino acid during protein synthesis the combination of RNA DNA and ribosomes required to generate a ellama single polypeptide chain

are characterized by light and dark regions of fur The darker parts occur on the cooler parts of the cat s body because the enzyme that alyzes the formation of the dark pigment is more active when cool This example shows that enzymes are affected by which of the following 0 00 0 23 A C B concentration PH Speed 1x Paused

7 Name the following molecule CH3 CH2 CH2 OH

Which of the following properties is associated with a protein that will be secreted from a eukaryotic cell Its signal sequence must target it to the ER It must be translated by a ribosome that remains free within the cytosol OIts signal sequence must target it to the plasma membrane Its signal sequence must be cleaved off as the polypeptide enters the ER

Which of the following statements describes the effect of a nonsense mutation on a gene O It alters the reading frame of the mRNA O It has no effect on the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein O It introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA It changes only one amino acid in the encoded protein

Which of the following characterizes BRCA1 and BRCA2 as tumor suppressor genes O The normal genes code for estrogen receptors O The mutant forms of either one of these prevent breast cancer O Their normal products participate in repair of DNA damage O They block penetration of breast cells by chemical carcinogens

Which of the following is most likely to occur if a researcher removes the 5 cap and poly A tail of an mRNA and inserts the mRNA molecule into a eukaryotic cell O The cell will add a new poly A tail to the mRNA O The mRNA will attaches to a ribosome and be translated but more slowly The mRNA will be quickly converted into a ribosomal subunit O The molecule will be degraded by enzymes

Which of the following best explains the observation that in bacteria there are 61 mRNA codons that specify an amino acid but only 45 tRNAs O The DNA codes 61 tRNAs but some are destroyed after transcription O Many codons are never used so the tRNAs that recognize them are dispensable O The rules for base pairing between the third base of a codon and tRNA are flexible Some tRNAs have anticodons that recognize four or more different codons

stion 4x What is included in the body s nonspecific defense against invading pathogens x x A antibiotics B C D antibodies mucous sweat tears SC 912 L 14 52 Immune Syste killer T cells Jy

Pax 6 is a gene involved in eye formation that has homologues in invertebrates and vertebrates The fact that expressing the mouse form of Pax 6 in a fruit fly leads to a compound fly eye not a single lens mouse eye suggests which of the following characteristics of this gene O Pax 6 gene is highly conserved and shows shared evolutionary ancestry O PAX 6 proteins have identical amino acid sequences O Pax 6 genes are identical in nucleotide sequence PAX 6 proteins are different for formation of different kinds of eyes

Which of the following molecules is a protein produced by a regulatory gene O operon O repressor O promoter O operator

In the following symbol 12 C number 12 refers to O Atomic number which the number of protons O Atomic mass weight in Daltons Atomic Mass Units O Atomic number in Grams O Atomic number in grams and the atomic weight in daltons O Atomic mass weight in Grams

Heat Temperature Internal Energy Q Kinetic energy A Amount of energy in an object due to the internal motion of the atoms and mass B A measure of the internal energy of a sub stance Not equal to heat C Energy transferred between objects due to a change of temperature D Energy due to motion More of this more internal energy E Symbol for heat

O Over 1 x 1012 mass is probably made up of stars fg Over half the galaxy s mass is probably made up of gas and dust The galaxy s mass is composed of stars gas and dust 9 f10 fil f12 num ik insert back

Polymers of polysaccharides fats and proteins are all synthesized from monomers by O the removal of water dehydration synthesis O the addition of water dehydration synthesis O the removal of water hydrolysis O the addition of water hydrolysis Ohydrolysis dehydration synthesis h

Which of the following functional groups account for solubility of sugars in water because the atoms in the functional group molecular formula are linked via polar covalent bonds as discussed in lecture O sulfhydryl Ohydroxide O carboxyl Ohydroxyl Omethyl t

The tertiary structure of a protein is the O twisting of a peptide chain into an alpha helix O bonding of two amino acids together to form a dipeptide O order in which amino acids are joined in a peptide chain O interaction of various chemical bonds forming a 3 dimensional structure O bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds

How does an enzyme catalyze a reaction O by lowering the free energy of a reaction O by lowering activation energy O by increasing the amount of free energy O by changing the equilibrium of a spontaneous reaction O by supplying the energy to speed up a reaction

Describe how in general the intensity of the physiological response of an in vitro assay responds to increasing agonist concentration

The alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet are both common forms found in which level s of structure of proteins O secondary O tertiary O primary tertiary primary O quaternary 27

are negatively charged par in the orbitis around the nucleus of an alon they are what determines the Chimical properties and the type of Bond that will form A proton B blom C Electron D Neutron

Please select all true answers Rho Kinase can stimulate myosin activity by phosphorylating myosin light chain kinase Myosin V unfolds and becomes active when it binds cargo Increasing Myosin phosphatase activity will increase myosin activity In smooth muscle cells high Ca concentrations stimulate calmodulin to activate myosin light chain kinase which phosphorylates the myosin regulatory light chain and promotes myosin activity Non muscle myosin II remains in linear filaments when unphosphorylated and inactive

The term reduction refers to O a lost in electrons O a gain in neutrons O neither gain or lost in electrons O a gain in electron and protons O a gain in electrons

G protein signaling terminated The a subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein dissociates from the B and the y subunits The a subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein exchanges a bound GDP for GTP O Binding of epinephrine to its receptor O The a subunit of the heterotrimerk G protein binds to adenylate cyclase O Hydrolysis of the bound GTP to GDP

hs of woled sonsup a el eau d 1 a Briefly describe the ibe the three stages of DNA re stages of DNA replication Name the enzymes that are involved and their roles in each stage of the process AMG visinemalamos or ai terW bedno Answer bill to ensupez obilosiaurt orl el fariW bnewa AMC isliini arll mort

The N terminus sequence of protein X is NH ACGTD The N terminus sequence of protein Y is NH RCGTD You hypothesize that O Protein Y will be more stable than protein X O Protein X and protein Y will have short half lives t1 2 30 minutes O Protein X and protein Y will have long half lives t1 2 20 hours O Protein X will be more stable than protein Y O Protein X and protein Y will have the same half lives

Which of the following statements is not correct about Horor 1st regulation A Hovokinase exists as several isozymes Hexokinase Il Mindrem tissues with different modes of regulation appropriate to the function of the ess One form of Hoxokinase is regulated by sequestration of the ensime in the nucleus All forms of Hexolinase have an identical Ken for glucose DE EST D One form of Hoxokinase is also known as gase Of Glucose 6 phosphate levels can be used to regulate Hexbinare activity

The functional group with the following formula description an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen is known as a n O methyl Ohydroxide Ohydroxyl O carbony Ocarboxyl

The functional group with the following formula COOH is known as a ketone O methyl O carbonyl O carboxyl O aldehyde

What do atoms form when they equally share electron pairs O nonpolar covalent bonds O cationic bonds Opolar covalent bonds Oionic bonds Ohydrogen bonds

2 are linked by to form prot H Pats B Glucose C Amino acids ID Nuclic acids

Can animals make carbohydrates from fatty acids O a Yes because Acetyl CoA can be converted to pyruvate by pyruvate dehydrogenase O b No because Acetyl CoA cannot be converted to pyruvate by pyruvate dehydrogenase O c Yes it s called gluconeogenesis Od Yes but only when blood glucose is very low Oe No because carbohydrates contain oxygen and fatty acids don t

C 0 00 0 23 A Speed 1x Cells contain DNA that controls the production of proteins 00 B Cells are linked together by proteins to make different kinds of DNA molecules Paused

Question 4 The generic reaction for the formation of an amide is shown below O R 8 0 H NUR R C N R H O a Draw the structure of the tetrapeptide Glu Phe His Trp by applying the generic reaction formation of an amide to the appropriate amino acids b How many peptide bonds are in the structure of the tetrapeptide c How many water molecules are given off as products to form the tetrapeptide d Describe the solubility of the tetrapeptide when compared to the fatty acid from Question 3 part c Use a diagram to indicate which would be more soluble

Lipids are organic macromolecules that serve a variety of purposes What is the most in portant role of lipids C 0 00 0 14 A to build muscles B to metabolize sugar Speed 1x Paused

Which of the following is not true of chymotrypsin O a It contains a superoxide hole O b It is a serine protease O c It acts on the carboxyl side of bulky amino acids O d It contains an S1 pocket Oe It is synthesized as an inactive zym

O a Can only be used on cubic crystal lattices O b Yields the primary structure of the protein O c Makes use of circularly polarised light that is shone through the soluti O d Uses crystals which are of 10 mm average length of side Oe Yields a diffraction pattern

molecule s would the enzyme would most likely react with Molecules 0 00 0 17 A C B A Molecule A only Molecule C only B Enzyme Speed 1x C Whic D Paused

justed above and below the enzyme s optimum temperature C 0 00 0 23 Enzyme Activi enzyme activity changes as the temperature is ad A Enzyme Activit B Speed 1x Enzyme Activit C 100 Paused

9 indicates the of people who become sick in a population after exposure to an infectious agent a Morbidity b Mortality c Prevalence d Attack rate e Incidence 10 Which involves vertical transmission of pathogenic microbes a Sexual intercourse b Pregnant woman to fetus c Droplet nuclei in the air d Fomites e Fecal oral route 11 Sulfonamides are drugs that target a translation of proteins b synthesis of folic acid c synthesis of nucleic acids d synthesis of cell wall e integrity of the plasma membrane

Posttranslational modifications alter protein function before the proteins have been translated on ribosomes O True O False

25 3 Four vehicles arrive at an intersection controlled by four stop signs at the same time You would yield the right of way to C A The vehicle to your right The vehicle to your left B HSS LLC

What would happen to a growth factor protein if you produced it from an mRNA containing a nuclear localization signal NLS It would end up in the nucleus It would end up in the cytoplasm It would be secreted None of the above

Which of the following types of mutations has the HIGHEST probability of changing a SINGLE amino acid in the encoded protein not changing any of the remaining amino acids A point mutation in the 2nd base of a codon A single nucleotide deletion A point mutation in the 3rd base of a codon A point mutation in the 1st base of a codon

If we had 6 different DNA RNA nucleotide bases strings of how many nucleotides would be required to uniquely encode all 20 amino acids i e What is the minimum word length

C B D FO E A4 66 F 44 H AE C G O 79 What is the large structure indicated by the letter C 80 The letter D refers to a specific molecule that is exposing the bases CCA What is the name of this entire molecule First base U A G UUU UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG AUU U phenylalanine phe leucine leu GUU GUC GUA GUG leucine eu UCU UCC valine val UCA UCG ACU AUC isoleucine ile ACC ACA ALIA AG methionine met start ACG COU COC CCA COG GCU GOC GCA GCG C Second base serine ser proline pro threonine thr alanine ala UAU UAC UAA stop UAG stop CAU CAC CAA CAG AAU AAC AAA AAG GAU GAC GAA GAG tyrosine tyr histidine his glutamine gin asparagine asn lysine Dys aspartic acid asp glutamic acid glu UGU UGC UGA stop UGG tryptophan trp G CGU CGC CGA CGG AGU AGC AGA AGG GGU GGC GGA GGG cysteine cys arginine arg serine arginine arg ser DOAG DCAO SURG UCAG glycine dly Third base se the codon chart to determine the identity of the amino acids indicated by E F and G on the picture above 1 Which amino acid is E 82 Which amino acid is F 83 Which amino acid is G The letter H refers to the final molecule produced by this entire process Give a specific name not the group of any this moleculo could be

Gene Expression Refer to the following diagrams to answer questions 76 84 C B D CC E UC F A H template DNA strand 76 The letter A refers to a specific location inside the cell What is this location 77 What is the specific name of the entire molecule indicated by B 78 What do we call the process that is creating B 79 What is the large structure indicated by the letter C 80 The letter D refers to a specific molecule that is exposing the bases CCA What is the name of this entire molecule First base UUU ucphenylalanine phe leucine leu LUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG leucine eu AUU AUC isoleucine le AUA GUU CUC ACU ACC ACA Amethionine met start ACO UCU UCC serine ser UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCO Second base OCU con proine pro threonine thr LAU UAC tyrosine tyr UAA stop UAG stop CAU CAC CAA CAG AAU AAC AAA AAG GAU histidine his glutamine ginj asparagine an lysine lys Aspartic acid asp UGC UGA stop UGG ryptophan trp COU CGC CGA COG cysteine cy GGU GGG arginine arg ser AGU Aga serine AGA AGGpinine arg DONG DOA DOA D Third base

For items 26 27 and 28 decide whether the description is a dehydration reaction or a hydrolysis reaction 26 When our energy is low between meals enzymes in the liver use glycogen molecules to form glucose molecules which travel throughout our body in the blood 27 Nucleic acid products are formed from nucleotide reactants in enzyme catalyzed reactions 28 When we eat fats enzymes use triglyceride molecules to form fatty acids and glycerol molecules