Biomolecules Questions and Answers

17 Where would you find the DNA in a prokaryote cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus or mitochondria 18 A neutral molecule with many OH groups will probably be unstable hydrophobic ionic or hydrophilic

51 A cell must undergo DNA replication to make mRNA True or False 52 If you wanted to break the connection between a sugar and a phosphate in the DNA backbone w kind of bond would you have to break

A plasma cell is a type of B lymphocyte white blood cell that has differentiated and specialized to synthesize huge numbers of antibodies very quickly The specific protein structure of the antibodies enables them to bind to and neutralize antigens that resulted in their production Given their role you might expect plasma cells to contain especially large amounts of O rough endoplasmic reticulum O DNA O lysosomes O smooth endoplasmic reticulum 2 pts 27

Alpha 1 4 glycosidic linkages are typically found in storage polysaccharides while beta 1 4 glycosidic linkages are found in structural carbohydrates This is because beta 1 4 glycosidic linkages are O very difficult to hydrolyze O much easier to break O not formed via dehydration synthesis condensation reactions not found hebung 4

Where would you expect to find receptors for lipid insoluble hormones Embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane exposed to the exterior of the cell O Inside the nucleus O In the cytoplasm O Attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

You place a plant cell and an animal cell in a hypotonic environment Assume both cells cannot actively respond to this hypotonic environment i e assume they do not actively respond to this hypotonic environment something we will learn in later courses may not be entirely true This means for our purposes we are just considering the structures of these cells and how this hypotonic environment impacts these cells Compare and contrast what would happen to each cell i e what would happen that is the same and different to each In a few sentences please explain

Chitin peptidoglycan and cellulose are all Please choose all that apply O carbohydrates O polymers of glucose O structural components of cell walls formed from hydrolysis reactions between monosaccharide

You are studying a structure isolated from cytoplasmic membranes that at its simplest level is composed of amino acids and monosaccharides This structure is most likely a O glycoprotein O phospholipid ribosome

Fats or vegetable oil or butter are made from Oglycerol Othree fatty acids phospholipids steroids linked to Choose all that apply

There are 250 kcal in 25 grams of fat True O False

Select the correct answer What is Earth s current axial tilt O A 21 5 degrees OB 22 0 degrees O c 22 5 degrees O D 23 5 degrees 24 5 degrees OE

Select the correct answer What does the process of natural selection involve OA OB O C O D preservation of disadvantageous genetic mutations preservation of advantageous genetic mutations preservation of all species preservation of all members of a species

5 DNA synthesis reactions are run with the goal of producing strands between 60 and 100 bases long How might these be visualized in a lab 7 Southern blot membranes are positively charged Considering what they are used for why might that be important

Then sugar is added to the solution to create a hypertonic solution The sample is then looked at under a microscope again A sample of red blood cells are placed in an isotonic solution and viewed under a microscope What happened to the red blood cells after the sugar was added to the solution The red blood cells released water through osmosis using energy B C D The red blood cells absorbed water through osmosis using energy The red blood cells released water through osmosis without the use of energy The red blood cells absorbed water through osmosis without the use of energy

The diagram below shows some chromosomal alterations 00 Chromosome 11 99 AB CD AB CD Chromosome T A UDH B 2 3 Which chromosome represents an alteration known as a deletion

Changes in a population of wild pigs are shown in the graph below Population size Which statement best explains the section of the graph labeled X A B C D Time X Interbreeding is occurring between members of different species The pigs are no longer in competition for resources with other species Predation is low and resources are high The pig population has reached the carrying capacity of its environment

Through what process can scientists artificially change the DNA code of organisms natural selection A B C gene pool gene shuffling D genetic engineering

Which of the following statements is correct The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a closed system is constant The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a closed system is increased The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a closed system is decreased The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a closed system becomes zero

Question 8 In a n collision Points 1 the total energy does not remain a constant and objects deform during O elastic collision O inelastic collision Operfectly inelastic collision O all of the choices

Select the correct answer After glacial deposits in Alaska lichens and fungus started colonizing the habitat These lichens created favorable conditions for annual weeds and other shrubs Finally mixed evergreen trees started dominating the area Identify the seral community in this habitat O A deciduous trees OB lichens C shrubs D fungus

Select the correct answer Pitcher plants are cup shaped plants that contain a pool of liquid that helps digest food Their brightly colored leaves attract insects which get trapped in the digestive liquid The plants absorb nutrients from the captured insects Which type of relationship is represented in this situation A B O c D predation commensalism parasitism mutualism

15 Size exclusion chromatography is also known as A Paper chromatography B Ion exchange chromatography C Gel filtration chromatography D Thin later chromatography 16 pepsin T F Digestion begins in the stomach with the secretion of the enzyme 17 T F Effective gel filtration chromatography is dependent upon letting the gel run dry before application of the sample

T F A sphincter in the digestive tract is a structure found only in the jejunum T F When spotting a mixture of substances on a TLC plate effective separation is achieved by the relative solubility of the substances in the selected solvent 1 2

7 dextran T F Sephadex gels are made of the polysaccharide based resin known as 8 If you measure the distance a photosynthetic pigment migrated on a TLC plate from the point of origin compared to the distance that the solvent front has moved then you have determined the

3 T F The successful isolation of photosynthetic pigments depends upon their affinity for organic solvents T F Ninhydrin is a reagent that is commonly used to visualize amino acids 4

52 Which is not produced from the degradation of branched chain amino acids A malonyl CoA B succinyl CoA C acetyl CoA 53 Which amino acids are purely ketogenic A arginine and lysine B lysine and leucine C valine and isoleucine D tryptophan only E all essential amino acids D propionyl CoA 52 53

44 The ultimate product of complete oxidation of carbohydrates is A pyruvate B acetyl COA 45 Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the A Golgi apparatus cytosol C mitochondria cytosol C carbon dioxide D acetate ion while fatty acid breakdown occurs in the B cytosol mitochondria D cytosol nucleus 44 45

54 The structure shown below is H N H N A urea B uridine C carbodiamine D uric acid 01 5

43 The degradation of which class of biochemicals does not significantly contribute to the release of energy to cells B lipids C proteins D carbohydrates A nucleic acids 43

41 Phosphorylation at the expense of ATP is catalyzed by A phosphoryl isomerases C protein kinases B phosphatases D All of the above

36 Which statement is false about most metabolic pathways A The enzymes that catalyze reactions in metabolic pathways generally catalyze only a single step B The rates of pathway reactions vary to respond to changing conditions C Pathways serve to increase the efficiency of energy transfers D Most pathways are reversible under physiological conditions 36

34 The structure shown below is 0 9 00 O 31 12 H C CH CH O OH A carnitine B taurocholate

35 A patient is found to have a high concentration of cholesterol in the blood and deposits of cholesterol under the skin The patient is diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia What is the likely cause of this condition A Insufficient chylomicron concentration in the blood B Lack of LDL receptors on the surfaces of nonhepatic cells C A deficiency in insulin production by the pancreas D Overproduction of lysosomal lipases 35

3 Which of the following does do not occur during the fasting state A inhibition of lipolysis B increased insulin levels C an increase in the concentration of albumin bound fatty acids in the blood D A and B only E All of the above

regulatory en me is acetyl COA rboxylase 24 The reaction Palmitoyl ACP Palmitate HS ACP proceeds via which of the following enzymes B thioesterase D None of the above A ketoacyl ACP synthase C transacylase 24

16 Which molecule is the CO2 acceptor in the first step of the Calvin cycle B rubisco D ribulose 1 5 bisphosphate A 3 phosphoglycerate C glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate 16

15 Within the chloroplast grana are A the site of carbon fixation reactions C the stroma B stromal lamellae D stacks of enfolded thylakoid membrane 15

5 The compounds a A enantiomers D fructofuranose and B D fructofuranose are B anomers D mutamers C conformational isomers 5

10 Carotenoids phycobilins xanthophylls and chlorophyll molecules that are not in the special pair A may prevent the formation of reactive superoxide anion B can transfer light energy to chlorophylls C can absorb light energy D A B and C E A and B only 10

The intramolecular cyclization reaction of glucose in solution A usually forms a pyranose C generates a chiral center B yields a hemiacetal D All of the above

2 The Fischer projections of linear D glucose and D galactose are shown below These two molecules are H C H C OH HO C H H C OH H C OH T CH OH D Glucose A enantiomers C epimers H H C OH I HO C H HO C H H C OH T CH OH D Galactose B structural constitutional isomers D anomers 2

A A DP B ATP 8 The photosynthetic dark reactions C NAD A produce the reduced coenzyme NADH B convert carbon dioxide to carbohydrates C occur only in the dark nocturnal D are the main source of ATP in photosynthesis D NADPH E B and D 8

6 Which statement is false about the sugar units in DNA A It is a deoxy form of ribose C It is an epimer of glucose B It has a D configuration D They are cyclic in DNA 6

1 Examine the Fischer projection below How is this carbohydrate classified CH OH C O H C OH 1 HO C H I CH OH A L enantiomer ketopentose C D enantiomer aldohexose B L enantiomer aldopentose D D enantiomer ketopentose

Identify the situation involving contact force Attraction between two objects separated by a distance Repulsion between two bar magnets Repulsion between two positive charges O Kicking a soccer ball

If you have the values of initial velocity final velocity and acceleration of an object which of the following equations can be used to determine the displacement of the object O v 2a x xo O x xo vot 2at V V0 at O x xo vot at

Which of the following is NOT among the risk factors for breast cancer late onset of menopause O older age O late onset of menarche menstruation

Which is NOT an executive power that governors possess Engage in referendum Power to Appoint Remove and Supervise O Budget Making Power Control the state militia

What is the difference between an initiative and a referendum An initiative calls for voters to propose constitutional amendments or statutes A referendum is a process by which the state s voters approve or reject a legislative measure A referendum calls for voters to propose constitutional amendments or statutes An initiative is a process by which the state s voters approve or reject a legislative measure Both describe the same process of involving citizens in the state legislature Both are ways of excluding citizens from the legislation process 9

How do primary producers provide energy for the food chain 1 They receive energy from primary consumers 2 They break down organic molecules into inorganic elements 3 They make their own organic molecules via photo or chemosynthe 4 They pass on organic substances from secondary consumers