Cell Cycle and Cell Division Questions and Answers

What are 3 ways by which bacteria can overcome, evade or avoid phagocytosis?

Which of the following is a reason that cells reproduce or divide? Cell size is limited, so greater numbers are necessary to complete large, biologically demanding tasks. The volume of a cell increases at a faster rate than the surface area of the cell. All choices are correct. New cells are needed to replaced dead or dying cells.

Explain how the X and Y chromosomes are able to pair together in meiosis as homologous chromosomes. Also, explain what role the SRY region of the Y chromosome plays in determining maleness.

The microtubules that come from the centrosomes during cell division are called a. Endoplasmic reticulum b. Spindle fibers c. Golgi body d. Ribosomes

Lysogeny/lysogenic life cycle can result in the following EXCEPT: viral DNA/provirus is passed onto the progeny of the lysogenic cell by fission Specialized transduction Generalized transduction phage conversion immunity to infection by the same type of phage

How do the cells produced by meiosis compare to each other? A. They are all identical. B. Two of them are identical to each other. C. All four are genetically different.

How do chromosomes line up differently in meiosis compared to mitosis? A. They line up in a straight line of 92 chromosomes. B. They line up with their duplicated homologous pair to form a tetrad. C. They line up with the duplicated chromosome one on top of the other. D. They line up with the chromosome from the same parent.

For the following, indicate whether meiosis or mitosis is occurring. Fill in the blanks. A cut on your finger is healing.______ An egg cell is being formed in a woman's ovary.______ A child grows 1 inch in a year.______ A sperm cell is being formed in a man's testis.______

The LDL receptor is a cell-surface protein receptor that allows certain cells to pull lipoproteins containing cholesterol out of the bloodstream into their cytoplasm. All of the following are likely true concerning the LDL receptor EXCEPT (A) it matures in the Golgi before being transported to the cell membrane within secretory vesicles. (B) its production is upregulated in the presence of higher levels of cholesterol in the blood. (C) it has polar and non-polar amino acid regions for placement within the cell membrane. (D) the receptor protein contains ER- retention signals in order to be pulled back into the cell once bound to blood lipoproteins. (E) mutations in the receptor can result in receptors that are synthesized correctly in the ER but fail to migrate to the Golgi.

Select the group of terms that refer to eukaryotic transcription only: A. regulatory promoter; poly A tail B. Shine Dalgarno; Pribnow box C. TATA box; operon D. general transcription factors; Rho E. core promoter; operator

Polyploidy, or chromosome duplication, is the most common cause of: genetic drift in plants. allopatric speciation in animals. sympatric speciation in plants. adaptive evolution in all plant, animal, & fungal species. extinction in animals. Submit Request Answer

Which of the following descriptions references cells that would be genetically IDENTICAL? Two sperm produced by the same man Two gametes produced by the same person Two eggs produced by the same woman Two body cells produced by the same person

During the normal meiosis of a diploid cell, the change in chromosome number that occurs is represented as 2n--> n n--> n 4n--> n 2n --> 4n

What is the significance of crossing-over during meiosis? A A different combination of genes is provided to each gamete. A different number of chromosomes are provided to each gamete. The number of chromosomes is reduced by half in each gamete. The number of genes is increased in each gamete.

Along the cell cycle (in interphase) there are checkpoints. What is the point of these checkpoints? It allows for the cell to take several breaks so that is can be well rested To monitor the rate at which the cell is dividing To check that the cell is growing correctly and replicating its DNA correctly It allows for the cell to take several breaks to decrease the chance of a mutation happening

What would happen if the sister chromatids did not split equally during anaphase of mitosis? (select all that apply) the DNA would become mutated one cell would have too many chromosomes one cell would have too few chromosomes only one cell would be produced mitosis would stop

At which stage of gametogenesis does gamete chromosome number reduce from 4N to 2N? Prior to the first meiotic division During the second meiotic division Prior to the first mitotic division During the first meiotic division

Which organisms replicate cells by mitosis? a) animals and bacteria b) animals and plants c) bacteria and plants d) archaea and bacteria e) archaea and plants

_______ is the phase of Mitosis where all of the genetic material (the chromosomes). lines up in the center (equator) of the cell. a) Interphase b) Prophase c) Metaphase d) Anaphase e) Telophase

After meiosis, resulting daughter cells will contain _____. a) the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell b) half the number of chromosomes than the parent cell carries c) twice the number of chromosomes than the parent cell carries d) three times the number of chromosomes than the parent cell carries e) four times the number of chromosomes than the parent cell carries

A cell is stained and viewed under a microscope but the chromosomes are not visible. Which point in the cell cycle is the cell currently in? A) Interphase B) Prometaphase C) Metaphase D) Anaphase E) Telophase

The process that produces polyploid cells in certain cells during development, such as those in the kidney and the liver is known as: A Aneuploidic interaction (B) Endomitosis Exomitosis D) Meiosis E Endomeiosis

Figure #4 shows some of the chromosomes from the normal dog karyotype and a stage of cell division is being depicted in the drawing. What stage of cell division is being depicted? Metaphase of mitosis Anaphase of mitosis Anaphase I of meiosis Metaphase II of meiosis

There are several factors that affect the rate of diffusion. Name TWO: and

Active transport involves the use of channels while passive transport does not. True False

Which of the following statements is true with respect at ATP synthase? Choose all that apply It is an active transport proton pump (i.e. uses cellular energy) It catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP It is an integral protein It is a channel protein It is part of the electron transport chain

Diffusion is the movement of solute and osmosis is the movement of solvent down the concentration gradient. True False Moving to the next question prevents changes to this answer.

Which of the following molecules contains the strongest polar covalent bond? 02 H20 CH4 H2 CO2

No = 300 cells Generation (doubling) time: 40 minutes Growth period 3 hours and 20 min n (number of doublings) = the minutes of growth (1) This (2). The final number of cells in this population after growth is (3). 1) How long is the growth period in minutes? a. 3 divided by the 40 minute generation time. the number of doublings (n) in 3 hours and 20 minutes b. 200 c. purple d. 3+20 (N₁=N₁ x 2n)

Only one of the following statement is correct. Choose the correct statement a. During Anaphase II chromosomes only have 2 chromatids b. Meiosis create genetic diversity during prophase II (crossing over) and anaphase II (independant assortment of homologous chromosomes) c. Meiosis only create diploid cells which will be used during fertilization d. During Anaphase I chromosomes only have 1 chromatid e. Meiosis create genetic diversity during prophase I (crossing over) and anaphase I (independant assortment of homologous chromosomes)

A scientist is researching the cell division and differentiation for neurons, or nerve cells. The scientist notices that neurons do not divide when fully matured, even when an injury is induced and repair is necessary. Which statements explain the lack of cell division by the neurons? Select ALL that apply. A) Nerve cells do not divide when fully differentiated. B) Mature nerve cells exit the cell cycle and are in 60. C) Nerve cells are arrested in the cell cycle in metaphase at the checkpoint. D) Nerve cells cannot replicate DNA since they lack nuclei within their cells.

Using your knowledge of prokaryotic growth and generation times determine how many organisms will be present using the following informing - If you started with 125 organisms and one generation time takes 20 minutes, how many organisms would you have after 9 hours and 45 minutes?

Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction? It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism It allows gametes to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism. It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have triple the chromosome number of the organism. It allows gametes to have twice the original number of chromosomes of the organism.

Before mitosis begins, which happens before the nucleus starts dividing? The sister chromatids separate. The homologous chromosomes cross over. The DNA replicates. The cytoplasm separates.

When a future mother visits the obstetrician for the first time, she usually has many questions regarding inheritance and the possibility of genetic issues. Explaining how the gametes are formed can address some of the parent concerns. Which of the following statements BEST describes this process. A parent cell goes through two divisions to produce sperm or ova. A parent cell divides to form 2 daughter cells. Daughter cells divide twice to form 2 reproductive cells. Daughter cells divide to form diploid spermatozoa.

In the growth curve of bacteria in finite (limited) nutrients, the graph shows no change in population size in which of the following phases? lag log stationary death two of the above

sherry inherited an Rb mutant copy from her mom and a wild type copy from her dad. is she at high risk of getting a tumor? a. yes bc rb is a tumor suppresor gene (TSG) that needs hits on both of the alleles to stop functioning. if one of the hits has already been inherited then it is easy to get the mutation on a good copy and inactivate the gene b. no there is no difference in risk between someone with two good copies vs just one good copy c. yes bc rb is a TSH and one hit causes cell division that is not regulated

The final checkpoint of the cell cycle occurs during mid M-phase, just before anaphase. Which of the following conditions would cause a cell to pause at this final checkpoint? The cell has one or more unattached kinetochores. The cell is waiting for a mitogenic signal. The cell's genome has unrepaired replication errors. Some of the cell's DNA has not been completely replicated yet.

During the formation of the mitotic spindle in early mitosis, the spindle poles separate and move to make contact with each other and push the opposite sides of the cell. This occurs because poles apart. Aster microtubules Interpolar microtubules Kinetochore microtubules Actin/myosin Il filaments

Which of the following statements is FALSE? Cyclins help determine the target specificity of Cdks. Cyclins activate Cdks by phosphorylating them. Cyclins are expressed at specific times in the cell cycle Cyclins have no enzymatic activity on their own

Rb plays an important role in regulating the cell cycle. What is the function of the protein Rb? In the absence of DNA damage. Rb activates transcription and triggers the G₁/S transition. In the presence of DNA damage, Rb activates DNA repair mechanisms. In the absence of mitogenic signals. Rb inhibits transcription and blocks the cell cycle. In the presence of mitogenic signals, Rb binds and activates G₁-Cdk

You make a karyotype from a cell and observe that the cell has 10 chromosomes. However, upon further observation, you are not able to find any homologous pairs. What kind of cell did you likely run a karyotype on, and what stage of cell division is it likely in?

Why is it important for each daughter cell to contain information identical to the parent cell? to maintain the proper surface area to volume ratio to generate a haploid cell to control the rate of cell division so the function of the cell will not be compromised

During crossing-over, chromatids exchange genetic material mitosis becomes meiosis chromosomes switch poles chromosomes become chromatin chromatin becomes chromosomes

Order the following choices to demonstrate your understanding of the life cycle of an animal virus. Drag the text blocks below into their correct order. Adsorption (attachment) to host cell surface Synthesis of viral nucleic acid and proteins Penetration and uncoating Release from host cell Assembly of viral particle

Suppose Alia recently learned that she inherited a mutant BRCA1 allele from her mother, who had breast cancer. BRCAI is a tumor suppressor gene that is related to breast cancer. Why would Alia be at higher risk for getting breast cancer at an earlier age than her sister, Francine, who inherited a normal BRCA1 allele from their mother? If an individual has even one mutation in a tumor suppressor gene, cancer will not be suppressed. Someone with one mutant allele in a tumor suppressor gene only requires a mutation in the one remaining normal allele for tumors to form. An individual who inherited two functional alleles of a tumor suppressor gene is less likely to eat highly carcinogenic foods. One mutant allele of a tumor suppressor gene increases the likelihood that the wild-type allele will also mutate

What is the complementary base sequence of the DNA strand if the template strand reads TTGCACG? CCTATGC TTGCGGC AACGTGC GGTACTA

Somatic cell reproduction results in the production of A. genetically diverse cells B. similar cells C. stem cells D. clones

The most common form of selective permeability in a cell membrane is A. facilitated diffusion. B. simple diffusion. C. channel-mediated diffusion. D. osmosis of lipids.

Crossing over only occurs between ____, otherwise the chemical differences prohibit proper bonding. A homo-logous chromo-somes B analogous chromo-somes C non-sister chromatids