Cell Cycle and Cell Division Questions and Answers

Once pyruvate is produced in glycolysis, the cell has two choices, without oxygen which option does it NOT have? A. Alcoholic fermentation B. Lactic acid fermentation C. Oxidative phosphorylation D. Anaerobic respiration

Meiotic formation of gametes in sexual reproduction halves the chromosome number and allows a [?] zygote to be formed. diploid haploid triploid

Meiosis has a special method of producing haploid gametes, without this the chromosome # would with each division. A. halve B. stay the same C. increase by a factor of 1.5 D. double

Meiosis II finishes with [?], which results in daughter cells. A telophase II B binary fission C prophase II

You are a researcher investigating whether a drug that you have discovered is effective for treating lung cancer. You decide to perform a gene expression microarray analysis. You treated the cancer cells with the drug and compared the gene expression pattern to the gene expression pattern of normal cells and of untreated cancer cells. Assuming the drug was effective at treating lung cancer; predict whether the gene expression pattern of the treated cancer cells would be more similar to the gene expression pattern of normal cells or to that of untreated cancer cells? Briefly explain.

A "belt" of proteins pinches a cleavage furrow into a cell, the process is called. A. prophase C. telophase B. metaphase D. cytokinesis

Which of the following components make up the structure of the apoptosome, which forms during the activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis? Select all that apply. A) Procaspase-3 B) Apaf-1 C) Bcl-2 D) p53 E) Procaspase-9 F) Cytochrome c

Scientists hypothesize that over millions of years, the Y chromosome has lost genes to the X chromosome during meiosis. Explain how this could happen. During which stage of meiosis would this most likely occur?

Match the statement in the left with the type of gene in the right This is a mutated gene that allows an uncontrolled cellular growth Errors made by DNA polymerase cannot be fixed when this type of gene is mutated This type of genes are the "brake" that prevent uncontrolled cellular growth Some oncoviruses carry copies of this type of genes to be able to induce cancer of genes

The distribution of chromosomes in one type of cell division is shown in the diagram below. Which process and type of resulting cells are represented in the diagram? Meiosis, which produces body cells Mitosis, which produces body cells Mitosis, which produces gametes Meiosis which produces gametes

During the early stages of meiosis, centrioles will position themselves at opposite ends of the cell. Microtubul extend from the centrioles, causing long spindle fibers to reach across the cell and attach to the chromosomes where they will pull the chromosomes apart. Which of the following stages of meiosis is this representing? Prophase Anaphase Metaphase Telophase

The cell cycle includes interphase and mitosis. Interphase is divided into three parts which are ______________. GO, G1, and G2 Cancerous, pre-cancerous and non-cancerous cell growth none of the answers are correct G1, S and G2

A scientist has noticed that the phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, displays an asymmetric distribution in the cell membrane. Where would you MOST likely predict to find a concentration of phosphatidylethanolamine? In the non-cytosolic face of a late endosome fusing to the lysosome. In the cytosolic face of a transport vesicle leaving the trans Golgi network. In the non-cytosolic face of a transport vesicle fusing to the plasma membrane. In the cytosolic face of a transport vesicle leaving the endoplasmic reticulum.

In cancer, cells divide out of control. Thus, chemicals that interfere with cell division might be used to stop cancer cells. How many of the following might stop human cancer cells? I. A chemical that prevents the dephosphorylation of lamins. II. A chemical that prevents microtubule assembly. III. A chemical that prevents actin-myosin contraction. IV. A chemical that prevents entry into Go. 2 4 3 1

Match the following statements with "prokaryotes", "eukariotes" or "both" Transcription and translation can happen simultaneously Transcription takes place in the cytosol Translation takes place in the ribosomes DNA replication happens only in the nucleus During translation, each tRNA carries an anticodon and an amino acid

Hibernation and the significant drop in internal body temperature seen during specific times of year or times of environmental stress are both examples of torpor. non-shivering thermogenesis. evaporative cooling. shivering thermogenesis. acclimatization

The stages of mitosis were originally defined by cellular features observable through a light microscope. The six micrographs below show animal cells (lung cells from a newt) during the five stages of mitosis, plus cytokinesis. (Note that interphase is not represented in these micrographs.) In these images, the chromosomes have been stained blue, microtubules green, and microfilaments red. Drag each micrograph to the target that indicates the stage of mitosis or cytokinesis it shows.

Which of the following attach to proteins and become important for their identification and sorting? NONE OF THESE carbohydrates nucleic acids small molecules lipids

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland. True False

What are homologous chromosomes? Two genetically identical chromosomes, one from each parent Two genetically similar chromosomes, one from each parent The two halves of replicated chromosomes Two identical chromosomes from one parent

The cell cycle is a repeating sequence of cellular growth and division during the life of an organism. Which of the following is not a true statement concerning cell division of body cells? A Cells divide in a process called meiosis. B Cells divide in order to maintain homeostasis. C Cells divide when the parent cell gets too big. D Cells divide in order to repair themselves when damaged.

Which of the following statements comparing meiosis and mitosis is false? A single mitotic division produces four diploid cells and a single meiotic division produces four haploid cells. Mitosis maintains the number of chromosomes from the parent cell to its offspring, while meiosis divides the chromosome number in half. Gametes are produced by meiosis, while new somatic cells are produced by mitosis. An error during anaphase would be more harmful to an organism if it occurred in meiosis rather than mitosis.

If a diploid cell has 2N = 20 chromosomes, then that cell would contain: 20 different types of chromosomes 10 identical types of chromosomes 5 different types of chromosomes 10 different types of chromosomes 20 identical types of chromosomes

If one type of chromosomes fails to divide properly at anaphase I of meiosis I (but anaphase II occurs occurs correctly), the consequence AFTER the entire meiotic cycle would be the production of four cells, two with 45 chromosomes and two with 47 chromosomes. four cells, two with 22 chromosomes and two with 24 chromosomes. four cells, two with 46 chromosomes and two with 47 chromosomes four cells, two with 23 chromosomes and two with 24 chromosomes. four cells, all with 23 chromosomes.

How many cells are produced by one cell undergoing meiosis? 4 1 5 2

Which of the following is a TRUE statement? During telophase of mitosis, each nucleus has one copy of each chromosome. Chromatids separate during anaphase. Division of the cytoplasm begins during metaphase. A nucleolus appears in each nucleus during prophase. The nucleus disappears during interphase.

5. During which stage of mitosis do unpacking of chromosomes and the formation of a new nuclear envelope happen? a. Prometaphase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase 6. Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids? a. Prometaphase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase

7. During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes become visible under a light microscope? a. Prophase b. Prometaphase c. Metaphase d. Anaphase 8. What structure forms by the fusing of Golgi vesicles at the metaphase plate of dividing plant cells? a. Cell plate b. Actin ring c. Cleavage furrow d. Mitotic spindle

Which ONE gives the portion of a cell's lifetime (cell cycle) when it (a) replicates its DNA and when it (b) distributes its replicated copies of DNA to daughter cells? A. (a) replicates during interphase only; (b) distributes during mitosis only B. (a) replicates during mitosis only; (b) distributes during interphase only C. (a) replicates during interphase only; (b) distributes during interphase only D. (a) replicates during either mitosis or interphase; (b) distributes during both interphase and mitosis E. (a) replicates during interphase only; (b) distributes during both interphase and mitosis

A group of cells was assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and cytokinesis. These cells were found to have an average of 8 picograms (8 pg) of DNA per nucleus. These same cells would therefore have _____ pg DNA at the end of S phase of interphase and _____ pg DNA at the end of G2 of interphase. (A picogram is 10^-12 of a gram, or 0.000000000001 gram.) 16... 16 16... 8 12... 16 8... 8 8... 16

Which of the following is NOT a checkpoint in the cell cycle? A. G1 C. M B. G2 D. S

Which of the following is the mode of action of penicillin? It causes cells to die through plasmolysis In inhibits the ability of the cell to make peptide crossbars In inhibits the ability of the bacteria to make proteins. It is a nucleic acid inhibitor

Cell cycle is controlled by cell cycle check point genes

Name the three phases of interphase and briefly mention what happens in each phase.

The human gene EGFR located on chromosome 7 is a proto-oncogene that codes for a growth factor cell surface receptor. The binding of growth factors to this receptor can lead to cell proliferation. Hypothesize what potential impact a mutated EGFR allele will have on a cell. Give one possible impact and explain your answer.

A 2N cell with 12 chromosomes undergoes mitosis and then meiosis. At G1... How many chromosomes are in each cell How many total chromosomes in all cells Total number of cells Total number of DNA molecules Total number of DNA strands Draw a cell at metaphase I and label: chromosome, sister chromatids, cohesin, shugoshin, gene locus "A" for a heterozygote.

Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis? condensation of chromosomes separation of sister chromatids crossing over of homologous chromosomes alignment of chromosomes on the metaphase plate

Pumpkin pie spice is high in antioxidants. Why are antioxidants considered to be good for you? O They help neutralize very high or very low pH blood O They slow the reuptake of Serotonin in your brain They neutralize free radicals O They repair damage to your cells

The normal somatic (body) cells of a given sexually reproducing species (species X) contain 30 chromosomes. If an individual got cut and needed to repair its cells, it would use for the repair. Meiosis Mitosis

A patient undergoing chemotherapy for cancer develops an infection with cytomegalovirus, conclusively diagnosed by the presence of "owl's eye" viral nuclear inclusions in a liver biopsy. This is an example of a(n)_____________ cytopathic effect by cytomegalovirus immune response by the host cytomegalovirus becoming a provirus transformation of the host cell by cytomegalovirus

During the "lag phase" of a bacterial growth curve, bacteria are... Dying faster that reproducing Reproducing faster than dying Dying and reproducing rates are equal, and the number of cells is high Preparing for a fast reproduction but the number of cells is low because growth rate is equal to death rate not doing anything

The parent cell that enters meiosis is diploid, whereas the four daughter cells that result are haploid. Which statement correctly describes how cellular DNA content and ploidy levels change during meiosis I and meiosis II? DNA content is halved only in meiosis I. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid only in meiosis II. DNA content is halved only in meiosis I. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid in meiosis I, and remains haploid in meiosis II. DNA content is halved only in meiosis II. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid in meiosis I, and remains haploid in meiosis II. DNA content is halved in both meiosis I and meiosis II. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid in meiosis I, and remains haploid in meiosis II. DNA content is halved in both meiosis I and meiosis II. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid only in meiosis II.

1. Are sister chromatids present in all or part of this phase? 2. Is the DNA condensed in all or part of this phase? 3. Does the cell contain twice as much DNA in this phase as it did in the G₁ phase? G₁ S G₂ Beginning of M (prophase-early anaphase) End of M (late anaphase->telophase)

A hospital study that compared brain cancer patients and a similar group without brain cancer found no statistically significant association (a = 5%) between cell phone use and a group of brain cancers known as gliomas. But when 20 types of glioma were considered separately an association was found between phone use and one rare form. Puzzlingly, however, this risk appeared to decrease rather than increase with greater mobile phone use. Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion? Because 5% is 1/20, we expect about 1 of 20 tests to give a significant result even if there is only random chance at work. Evidently, using cell phones cuts down on at least one type of glioma cancer. Cell phones definitely do not cause brain cancer. Some cell phones definitely do cause brain cancer.

Major Histocompatibility Complex Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes encode molecules on the cell surface - Class I MHC are present on the membrane of nucleated animal cells Identify "self" - Class II MHC are present on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCS), including B cells - APCS B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells.

What happens directly after prophase? A. Anaphase B. Interphase C. Telophase D. Metaphase

Poor Gertrude. She never paid any attention to warnings given by her doctors or her parasitology instructor. She thought that she could go on a safari to Central Africa and everything would be just fine. Well, it's been a year, and because she was fortunate enough not to acquire an infection of Plasmodium spp., our friend believed she had escaped her adventure unscathed. Today at 10 am, Gertrude's doctor is seeing her because she thinks she's acquired some sort of cold or flu and athletes' foot from the gym she frequents. When the doctor completes his workup, he says, "Gert, you're in trouble." Let's figure out why, and work towards a diagnosis. An ultrasound was performed on Gen's jaw and underarm areas to address her swollen lymph glands. The doctor determined a frequency signature that is specific to a particular nematode. What is this "beat" called?

Which of the following cells is formed by meiosis? A. A bacterial cell B. A heart cell C. A fertilized egg D. A sperm cell

Inheritance and Expression of Traits:Question 3 Which of the following processes produces gametes, or egg and sperm cells? Sexual reproduction. Mitosis. Binary fission. Meiosis.

A cell in G1 phase has 6 picograms of DNA. At what point in its cell cycle does it have 10 picograms of DNA? A. never B. at some point during S phase C. immediately after cytokinesis of mitosis D. at the start of G2 phase E. at the end of G1 phase