Cell: The Unit of Life Questions and Answers

nuclear envelope endoplasmic reticulum 1999 CARLAND PUBLISHING Golgi apparatus endosome early endosome transport vesicles To collect amino acids for use in protein synthesis To release energy from ATP O To send messages about cell requirements to the nucleus To move proteins out of the cell CYTOSOL EXTRACELLULAR SPACE 1 Part of the membrane of the Golgi complex pinches off and moves away Which of the following is a function of this process

Match this term to where you would most likely find it located The term is MHC II Macrophages hepatitis red blood cells nerve cell Previous

SARS CoV 2 the virus responsible for the current novel coronavirus pandemic consists of an RNA genome inside a protein capsid and surrounded by a lipid envelope It achieves the creation of more viruses by infecting cells and hijacking their machinery to make more viruses Do you think SARS CoV 2 performs aerobic respiration Or other metabolic processes

The Calvin cycle of plants requires what inputs in order to produce sugars Choose all that apply Copyright 2022 ATP Water Glucose Oxygen O NADPH Carbon dioxide

Mitochondria produce ATP via O oxidative phosphorylation O photophosphorylation O substrate level phosphorylation O fermentation

Please choose the terms that best complete the following sentence Metabolic pathways are ordered series of chemical reactions that build up Select molecules Select Select anabolism catabolism or break down

Which type of macromolecule is the ATP Synthase a nucleic acid that serves as a coenzyme a protein that serves as an enzyme a lipid that serves to build the cell membrane a carbohydrate that serves as an energy source

A Cell A B B C D CELL ORGANELLES TABLE Organelles Identified Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Vacuole Cell Membrane Which of the following is the best conclusion based on this data Nucleus Cell Wall Colla D Mitochondria Cells A and C are plants Cells B and C are plants Cells C and D are plants Chloroplast Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Vacuole Mitochondria Cell Membrane Nucleus

How did the war impact freed African Americans

e bacterium Escherichia coli or E coli is a single celled ganism that lives in the gut of healthy humans and animals Its dy shape can be modeled as a 2 um long cylinder with a um diameter and it has a mass of 1 x 10 12 g Its romosome consists of a single double stranded chain of DNA 00 times longer than its body length The bacterium moves at a Onstant speed of 20 m s though not always in the same rection Answer the following questions about E coli using Sl nits unless specifically requested otherwise and correct ignificant figures Figure 1 gure 1 of 1 T Part A What is its length O 2 106 m O2 10 m O 2x103 m 2 x 10 m Submit Part B Request Answer What is its diameter 1 x 10 m 1x 10 m 1 x 10 6 m 1x 10 3 m

12 Label Animal Cell G H 2 WWW 3 B C D E LL L 13 Differentiate between plant and animal cells 1 Plant Cell N 0 P

14 Specifically where does autotrophic nutrition occur 15 What is this diagram of 16 In this diagram label the lipid bilayer cell receptor protein 3 17 How does this structure keep the cell in homeostasis X M Y 0 5 4 IE SE

Cells use a variety of mechanisms to move molecules within into and out of the cell How do these mechanisms help the specialized cells in body tissues to function

In cell communication after the reception of a signal the cell transducts the signal which is like the signal

Explain why genetic drift affects genetic diversity in a population

A In cell communication after the reception of a signal the cell the signal which is like the signal trans ducts B trans locates transforms

What is a consequence of this size discrepancy between the X and Y chromosomes A The x chromosome has more genes than the y chromosome B They chromosome has more genes than the y chromosome C The x chromosome has fewer genes than the y chromosome D Both chromosomes have the same number of genes

biochemist performed the following hydrolysis reaction H OHHHHH H C 0 C 0 H IIIII HHHHH OHHHHH H C 0 C C C C C C H IIIII HHHHH OHHHHH 110 H C C C C C H IIIU HHHHH Triglyceride Molecule 3H20 H OHHHHH H C OH HO C C C C C C H JUJUI HHHHH H C OH H C OH H Glycerol OHHHHH HO C C C C C C H TUTU HHHHH OHHHHH C H M HHHHH Fatty Acids HO 8 To which class of biomolecules does the structure belong

Which sex chromosome is the largest A Y B R C X

Sort the following events in the order that happens during the formation of vesicles from the ER destined for the Golgi apparatus Sar1 GDP converts to Sar1 GTP Sar1 GTP hydrolysis Sar1 binds to Sec 23 Sar1 membrane association IV V I IV III II IV III

All protein transport between organelles compartments are unidirectional Tor F Ras GTP binds directly to and activates the upstream kinase in the MAP kinase module True False

7 For classic START transfer signals cleavage of the signal during after Sec61 transport is catalyzed by an enzyme called

8 Which of the following is not a correct statement regarding rules for Sec61 transport A START transfer sequences can be placed in either of two hydrophobic grooves within Sec61 B The ribosome detaches from Sec61 when it can t push the protein through the translocator C Internal START signals orient so that positive charges are on the cytoplasmic side of Sec61 D START and STOP transfer signals reside within the gene that encodes transported proteins

Compared to the cytosol which of the following statement is generally true about the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum in a eukaryotic cell It has a higher pH It has a much higher calcium ion concentration It has a higher density of ribosomes All of the above

All secretory vesicles forming from the trans Golgi network TGN leave the TGN in a steady stream and are fused with the plasma membrane as soon as they get there As a result the membrane proteins and the lipids in these vesicles provide new components for the cell s plasma membrane while the soluble proteins inside the vesicles are secreted to the extracellular space True or False

The activated P13kinase phosphorylates which downstream factor Ras protein to activate GTP hydrolysis Nuclear membrane proteins Receptor tyrosine kinases Lipid molecules in the cell

6 During co translational import of proteins into the ER the cytoplasmic receptor that recognizes an ER signal sequence as it emerges from a ribosome is called

What type of cells are produced during meiosis A asexual cells B diploid cells C division cells D haploid cells

What type of beak would not be suited for eating these corn kernels Use your data to explain your answer

29 The development of competence in S pneumoniae Transformation is a wonderful example of a phenomenon known as quorum sensing Explain how these two unique bacterial abilities occur and how they get perfectly cooperative

Which of the events below does NOT happen during the G1 phase of the cell cycle A synthesizing of new proteins and organelles B cell division C cell grows

bacterial cell walls do antibiotics target to kill the cell A salt in the cytoplasm B the mitochondria C peptidoglycan D cellulose in the cell wall

Which of the following statements does not describe a function of the extracellular matrix O a It is a source of immobilised growth factors O b The composition of the extracellular matrix varies between tissues in the body creating specific niches for both matu differentiated cells and adult stem cells O c It helps to give structural integrity to tissues O d It acts as a glycoprotein scaffold to which cells attach via integrins Oe It acts as a barrier to gases and small molecules in aqueous solution

In skeletal muscle cells tropomyosin is associated with Oa Desmin filaments O b Myosin filaments Oc Thin filaments d Intermediate filaments Oe Thick filaments

The DNA of a cell is not programmed 17 to coordinate the activities needed to keep a large cell alive How does cell division help the cell avoid DNA overload A When a cell divides there is much less DNA created than in the large cell increasing the overload B Each daughter cell has its own copy of DNA and can coordinate all the activities of a smaller cell C Cell division does not help cells to avoid DNA

Which of the following statements is correct O a White adipose tissue exclusively generates heat by thermogenesis O b Brown adipose tissue is structurally similar to white adipose tissue O c Thermogenesis is energy efficient O d Brown adipose tissue triacylglycerols are stored in a unilocular manner O e Brown adipose tissue contains more numerous mitochondria than white adipose tissu

The term gating refers to what A The transition state in an antiporter B The release of one type of ion followed by the binding of another type in a p C The opening and closing of the pore in a channel D The coordinated movement of water molecules through a water channel E The ability of a co transporter to work in reverse

What junctional structure is critical in establishing a polarized epithelial tissue A desmosomes B adherens junctions C tight junctions D gap junctions DVL

Which organelle is the primary site for ribosome assembly A Lysosome B Nucleus C Golgi apparatus D smooth ER E rough ER

8 In the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane what does mosaic refer to A the membrane has two different sides B the membrane is a lipid bilayer made from two different monolayers C the lipid bilayer has different proteins embedded in it D the lipids on each side of the membrane are different El peripheral proteins are mainly on the external side of the membrane

What type of molecules can pass freely through the plasma membrane a small proteins b simple sugars c ions d steroids e simple salts

23 What combination of molecules form complexes in the ECM to help resist compressive forces a Nucleic acids and proteins b Polysacharrides and proteins c Polysacharrides and carbohydrates

3 Which microtubules are lengthening during anaphase A aster B kinetechore C interpolar D contractile ring E ciliary

Upregulation of p53 in the presence of DNA damage inhibits cell cycle progression by A adding inhibitory phosphates on cdks B degrading cyclins C activating gene for a cdk inhibitory protein D adding ubiquitin groups to cdk E all of the above I

6 What would an increase in extracellular calcium do to specific types of cell adhes a Increase adhesion mediated by cadherins b Decrease adhesion mediated by cadherins c Increase adhesion mediated by integrins d Decrease adhesion mediated by integrins

At which phase are centrioles beginning to move apart in dividing animal cells A telophase B anaphase C prometaphase D metaphase E prophase

1 The protein complex that forms on each sister chromatid and acts as an attachment site for microtubules of the mitotic spindle is called A anaphase B kinetochore C aster D spindle sponge E centromere

O Cells are differentiated because they have different they produce different functions that are turned or As a result Their different proteins cause them to have structures and

A is the maximum amount of money that can be charged on a crec card O credit limit O balance O available credit finance charge

A credit card issued through a credit union would be ar example of a card O bank O travel and entertainment store