Cell: The Unit of Life Questions and Answers

Wik 2 3 14 concentration than the solution inside the paramecium C Based on the internal and external solute concentrations do you think the paramecium will swell up or shrink in this solution Explain your reasoning 2 Observe Click Play and observe the size of the paramecium A What do you notice B What happens after about 16 seconds 3 Observe Click Reset 2 Set the Water solute concentration to 2 00 This is a hypertone solution because it has a higher solute concentration than the solution inside the paramecium Click Play What happens to the volume of the paramecium now

Activity A Maintaining a water balance Get the Gizmo ready Select the User controlled setting Check that the Water solute concentration is 1 00 Introduction Every organism needs to maintain stable internal conditions a process known as homeostasis in order to survive A paramecium maintains homeostasis by responding to variations in the concentration of salt in the water in which it lives The concentration of a solution is equal to the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given amount of solvent Question How do changing solute concentrations affect a paramecium 1 Predict In the Paramecium Homeostasis Gizmo the solute is salt and the solvent is water A Look at the top left of the Gizmo What is the water solute concentration A solute concentration of 1 00 means that for every 1 gram of water there is 0 01 grams of solute salt B What is the concentration of solutes inside the paramecium I is said to be hypotonic because it has a lower solute

5 Which factors change fluidity of the cell membrane Physical parameters of the environment temperature pressure chemical composition Physical parameters of the environment length of the fatty acid chains amount of double bonds amount of cholesterol Only length of fatty acid tails and temperature Polarity of phospholipid head and amount of cholesterol 6 What is lateral diffusion of lipids Lateral diffusion is rotation of lipids and proteins in monolayer ateral diffusion is movement of lipids between monolayers of the cell membrane ateral diffusion refers to the lateral movement of lipids and proteins in monolayer of the cell embrane teral diffusion is flexion of lipids in bilayer

2 1 What determines antigen function of the cell membrane a Glycolipids and glycoproteins which are located in the inner surface of the membrane b Only glycolipids located on the surface of the cell membrane Glycolipids and glycoproteins which are located on the outer surface of the membrane Molecule of cholesterol c d a b d 2 What is function of adhesive proteins Transport of molecules and ions Transmission of signals Cell to cell communication Enzymatic function in the membrane

19 Activity of Na K ATPase depends on The intracellular concentration of ATP and Nations The intracellular concentrationof ATP and Kions The extracellular concentrationof Nations The extracellular concentrationof Na andK ions

Which of these was NOT characteristic of the first cells on Earth anaerobic O prokaryotic O single celled contained membrane bound organelles and a nucleus

Arial BIUA OD DE E 1 Y 46 Y BEGINEANCAKING ACHA ana 2 Observe Select the human skin sample On the MICROSCOPE tab choose the 400x magnification focus on the sample and turn on Show labels Click on the Nucleus label If necessary adjust the Stage sliders to see the full description A What is the function of the nucleus B What is the function of the cytoplasm C What is the function of the cell membrane I 3 Observe Select the human neuron sample Focus the cells at 400x Turn on Show labels A Click on the axon label to read the description What is its function B What is the function of a dendrite Neurons transmit messages in the form of electrical and chemical signals through axons and dendrites from one part of the body to another 4 Compare Select to the human muscle sample Observe the sample at 400x A What do muscle cells have that other cell types do not

5 Compare Select the human blood sample Observe at 400x Look under Show information on the right hand side of the Gizmo A What is the function of red blood cells B What is the function of white blood cells C What organelle is missing from the red blood cells 6 Compare Compare the human and animal samples human and mouse skin human and worm neurons human and fly muscle human and frog blood A In general are there any major differences that you can see Explain B What organelle do frog RBCs have that human RBCs do not

Select the descriptions that apply to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum an organelle that synthesizes fatty acids phospholipids and steroids a membranous structure that surrounds the nucleus without attached ribosomes a centrally located membranous structure with attached ribosomes a membranous complex which produces secretory vesicles a membrane enclosed organelle that stores DNA

Who is credited with first observing cells a Anton van Leeuwenhoek b Carolus Linnaeus c Robert Koch d Robert Hooke e Louis Pasteur

Genetics Vocabulary Term Definition Process by which cells make proteins Building blocks of proteins Building blocks of nucleic acids Trait displayed from a gene Diagram used to identify genotypes and phenotypes of offspring Sex cells Body cells A variety of a gene The expressed allele e expressed allele when no dominant allele is present Cell division where DNA is replicated Two different alleles Gene composition ell division where gametes are produced acids The study of heredity the number of chromosomes sex cells change in a gene or chromosome osome al reproduction gerprinting Protein amino acid leotide nuc Definition Synthess Production of offspring by a single parent Two parent cells join to form a new individual phenotype punnett Square heterozygout DNA DNA replication Diploid Dominant Double helix Gametes Gene Genetic engineering Directions Match the term from the word bank to the appropriate definition Write the term in the space provided Term DNA to RNA Characteristics of an organism such as eye color Deoxyribonucleic acid corries genetic information The shape of DNA like a twisted ladder The transfer of The process by which DNA copies itself genes or pieces of DNA from one organism to another A tool that compares DNA images to determine relationships Compacted DNA A section of a chromosome that codes for a trait Ribonucleic acid temporary copy of DNA used to make proteins A group of 3 nitrogenous bases used as a code for an amino acid RNA to an amino acid Genetics Genotype Haploid Two of the same alleles Heterozygous Homozygous Meiosis Mitosis asexual Sexual Complete number of chromosomes body cells A cell formed from a haploid sperm and ovum Crinnen from the South 2030 Mutation reproduction transcription Recessive reprodu Nucleotides Phenotype Protein synthesis Purnett square RNA Sex So Tr

Select all of the following items that could be limiting agents for bacterial growth Light Salt O Atmospheric pressure Oxygen

How is the sugar found in a DNA nucleotide different from the sugar found in an RNA nucleotide O It lacks an oxygen atom O It has an additional oxygen atom O It had a second ring It pairs with thymine

22 Amino acids are covalently joined to ribose on A75 via the A anticodon codon base pairing B premature termination of translation C aminoacyl bond D N glycosidic bond E phosphodiester bond

is are most directly involved in vesicular exocytosis such as insulin secretion A Carbon monoxyhemoglobin B 2 3 BPG C RNA polymerase II backtracking D SNARES E eEF2

hartnell instructure com courses 23779 quizz C What type of section is shown here Cuboidal Tangential Radial O Transverse Resin duct Late wood Early wood Ray V

30 Match the following terms with their appropriate descriptions You only need to write the letter A H and not the entire description on your answer sheet 4 pts Term 1 Anaerobic 2 Mitochondria 3 Glycolysis 4 ATP 5 Aerobic 6 Photosynthesis 7 Chloroplast 8 Cellular Respiration Description A Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen B Organelle that performs photosynthesis C Cellular respiration that will happen if not enough oxygen is around D A cell organelle that performs cellular respiration E The process that breaks down glucose into pyruvate and ATP F The chemical process of obtaining energy from food and producing ATP G The only molecule the body can burn as a source of energy H A chemical process that takes CO and makes sugars like glucose

3 2 points If a diploid cell has 2n 10 chromosomes it will have meiosis I and at the end of meiosis II A 10 chromosomes 5 chromosomes B 10 replicated chromosomes 5 replicated chromosomes C 5 chromosomes 5 replicated chromosomes D 5 replicated chromosomes 5 chromosomes at the end of

2 The diagram below shows a portion of a nucleic acid with the names of each nitrogenous base labeled ADENINE GUANINE NH H NH N THYMINE 0 HINH N HN NH H CYTOSINE a 2 points Label each nitrogenous base as either a purine or a pyrimidine b 2 points Label both the 5 end and the 3 end of at least one portion of the molecule c 3 points Identify this molecule as either DNA or RNA List two reasons why you can tell

Glucose Carbone Dioxide Oxygen Water ATP Water Oxygen ATP Glucose Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide Water ATP Glucose Oxygen Glucose Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Water ATP Question 35 Sister chromatids are attached at the centrosome True

What phase of Meiosis is being shown in the picture below Sting at Telophase II O Metaphase II O Prophase I Prophase II O Anaphase II Telophase I O Metaphase I O Anaphase I

Name 7 In mitosis anaphase is defined as a separation of sister chromatids towards opposite poles b chromosomes progressively become more visible as they shorten and thicken c sister chromatids align along the metaphase plate d a cell that resembles a dumbbell

13 This mechanism is responsible for growth repair replacement and forming new organisms a Interphase b Meiosis c Apoptosis d Cell division

5 H Gobind Khorana described a synthetic RNA copolymer poly UC which encodes A poly Phe B alternating copolymer LeuSer C nonsense mediated decay D translation initiation E poly U

Instead of bacteria cells are often used to clone eukaryotic genes because they are eukaryotic cells

O None of the above O Eukaryotes Viruses O Prokaryotes Question 85 Table salt NaCl is an example of an ionic bond This type of bond occurs when molecules like s and chloride share electrons False

Bacteria and Archaea are single celled organisms with no nucleus and they both do not contain DNA False O True

All the subjects in this experiment were exercising for a long period of time Powerlifters and Olympic sprinters complete their entire event in less than 10 seconds These types of activities do not require oxygen Which of these best describes the process by which the muscles of these athletes obtain energy without oxygen positive feedback anaerobic respiration O cell specialization

Facilitated diffusion through a biological membrane is: driven by a difference of solute concentration endergonic driven by ATP not specific with respect to the substrate generally irreversible

In terms of DESCENDING potency, appropriate cell order is: Unipotent, multipotent, pluripotent, omnipotent Totipotent, pluripotent, unipotent, omnipotent Omnipotent, pluripotent, unipotent, totipotent Totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, unipotent

Plant cells have a _ while animal cells do not. plasma membrane nucleus cell wall

Which of the following is true about polymers? DNA polymerase makes nucleic acids from nucleotides RNA polymerase makes proteins from amino acids Ribosomes make mRNA from the information in DNA Polymers are broken down into monomers during transcription, translation and DNA replication Starch and cellulose are polymers of amino acids

You look at a cell using a microscope. You see a membrane-bound nucleus with the DNA, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, mitochondria, chloroplasts and ribosomes. From these observations you would conclude you were looking at a prokaryote a bacterium a eukaryotic animal cell a eukaryotic plant cell a prokaryotic animal cell

All of the following statements are true regarding inactivation of X-chromosome in mammals, except: X-chromosome inactivation begins at the X-inactivation center. All of the genes on an inactivated X-chromosome are transcriptionally silent. Inactive X-chromosomes can be easily identified in mammalian cells. The Barr body represents an inactive X-chromosome. Inactive X-chromosomes have a different pattern of distribution of acetylated histone.

All cells contain Select one: a. ribosomes for protein synthesis. b. cell walls made of cellulose. c. uracil in their DNA. d. organelles for compartmentalization. e. mitochondria to generate ATP.

AIM took over the village of Wounded Knee during the 1970s for what reason? A. location of the BIA office B. presidential orders C. location of a past massacre D. creation of a peace treaty

Choose the correct syntax and fill in the blank. The lava started to from the volcano. A. come B. came C. coming

The following pertain to ribosomes during protein synthesis except __________. they participate in both transcription and translation they participate only in translation they scans the mRNA for an AUG codon they are composed of ribosomal RNA and protein they shift to the right along the mRNA strand from one codon to the next

Which endocrine gland is part of the nervous system? a. hypothalamus b. pituitary c. adrenal d. thyroid

Which statement about protein hormones is correct? a. They are lipid based. b. They pass easily through the cell membrane. C. They bind to receptor molecules in the cell membrane. d. none of the above

Which of the following is true about Japan and the United States following World War II? A. They became active trade partners with each other over time. B. They never spoke to one another again. C. Both nations became military superpowers. D. Both nations agreed the use of the atomic bomb was justified.

Which component belongs to viruses, not cells? genetic material cytoplasm ribosome nudeus capsid

Which type of competition occurs between members of different species? A. interspecific B. intraspecific C. invasive

Which component is part of all cells? lysosome nucleus cell membrane endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus

Which cell component functions to digest foreign materials and unwanted organelles in the cytoplasm? smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum lysosome Golgi apparatus centriole

What is the primary function of centrioles? They house the genetic material of the cell. They carry out photosynthesis. They produce ATP. They participate in chromosome separation during cell division. They translate messenger RNAs into proteins.

Bone marrow stem cells are pluripotent; they can turn into any other body cell if exposed to the right environment True False

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus? It houses genetic material. It packages and processes proteins and lipid for transport to designated locations in the cell. OIt translates messenger RNAs into proteins. OIt produces ATP. OIt provides storage space for food and water.

What is the primary function of the cell membrane? It packages and transports proteins and lipids for transport to designated locations in the cell. It separates the intracellular components from the extracellular space and allows transport of materials into and out of the cell. It digests foreign materials and unwanted organelles in the cytoplasm. It provides rigidity and protects the cell from its environment. It provides storage space for food or water.

A person with blood cell type B, has antigen_ in plasma. These antibodies are always B; red blood cells; anti-A; IgM A; red blood cells; anti-B; IgM A; lymphocyte B; anti-B; IgM B; lymphocyte B; anti-A; IgG No antigens; red blood cells; anti-A & anti-B; IgM on the surface of and antibodies