Cell: The Unit of Life Questions and Answers

Structure fits function is a common phrase used in biology. Describe how the structure of the plant cell fits its function. Include a discussion of the cell wall and large central vacuole.

What is the proper description of the structure of a cell membrane? It is a bilayer of phospholipids that has proteins and cholesterols sprinkled throughout it. It is a double layer of proteins and lipids like phospholipids and cholesterols. It is a single layer of phospholipids and a layer of proteins stuck together. It is a random assortment of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates that are fluid and can move around.

Archaea were given their own separate domain because they are considered a type of bacteria most closely related to eukaryotes multicellular nucleated not prokaryotic

To visualize the structure of DNA, which has a width of 10 nm, which microscope would be best? fluorescence microscope light microscope staining microscope polarized microscope electron microscope

According to cell theory, all organisms are multicellular all cells come from preexisting cells DNA is the structural and functional unit of life all cells are approximately the same size proteins are the genetic material of cells

The organelle that pinches off portions of its membrane to form a vesicle used for storage or transport is the mitochondrion chloroplast nucleus Golgi body ribosome

The skin is the body's largest organ. It's made up of many different types of cells. Oils, produced by the sebaceous glands, prevent the skin from drying and splitting. The protein melanin, produced by melanocytes in the epidermis, protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Sweat, released from ducts to the skin surface helps to cool the body. The types of cells that produce these compounds have a different number of specific organelles, depending on their function. Based on their function, you would expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of a. Lysosomes b. Chloroplast c. Golgi bodies d. Microtubules

18. A certain type of specialized cell contains an unusually large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Which of the following functions is this cell type most likely specialized to perform? a. The production and secretion of steroids b. The destruction of toxic materials produced in other cells of the organism c. The synthesis of polysaccharides for energy storage d. The production and secretion of proteins

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? a. Golgi → Er- Lysosome b. Nucleus ER- Golgi c. ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane d. ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

25. Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a disorder of red blood cells that causes the cells to be smaller and spherical instead of having the usual flattened, biconcave shape. The average diameter of normal red blood cells is 7.2μm, and the average diameter of red blood cells in a person with HS was found to be 6.7μm. The normal red blood cell has an average surface area of 136μm² and an average volume of 91 μm². Which of the following provides an accurate calculation of the surface area to volume ratio of an HS red blood cell, as well as a prediction of its effect on the efficient transferring of oxygen compared to a normal red blood cell? a. The ratio is 0.45, and the cells are more efficient at transferring oxygen. b. The ratio is 1.12, and the cells are less efficient at transferring oxygen. c. The ratio is 0.89, and the cells are less efficient at transferring oxygen. d. The ratio is 141, and the cells are more efficient at transferring oxygen.

The major difference between a cell that responds to a signal and one that does not is the presence of a DNA sequence that binds to the signal. nearby blood vessel. receptor. second messenger. transduction pathway (signal cascade).

Which of the following best describes an advantage that eukaryotic organisms have over prokaryotic organisms? a. Prokaryotes lack a cell membrane and therefore are unable to control what enters or exits the cell. b. Eukaryotes have a nuclear envelope separating their DNA from the rest of the cell, which increases the likelihood of advantageous mutations. c. Eukaryotes have mitochondria and chloroplasts that contain their own genome, which allows the cells to reproduce more rapidly. d. Eukaryotes have organelles that allow for compartmentalization of cellular processes, which increases the efficiency of those processes.

Drag and drop the terms to complete the sentences describing the endosymbiont theory. The _______ is the theory that ________ and chloroplasts arose as a result of _________ establishing a ________ relationship within a eukaryotic host. Mitochondrial DNA and ___________ DNA are related to their bacterial counterparts. In addition, mitochondrial and chloroplast ___________ are structurally similar to their bacterial counterparts. These organelles also replicate by __________ which is also the same division process of bacterial cells. mitochondria ribosomes prokaryotic endosymbiotic theory binary fission symbiotic cells chloroplast

Match the term on the left to its correct definition on the right. Numerical aperture Refraction Lens Dispersion Resolving power A medium with a curved surface that refracts and focuses light to produce an image The ability of a microscope to distinguish two adjacent structures as separate. Occurs when light waves change speed and direction as they pass from one medium to another Measure of a lens's ability to gather light. The ability of a prism to separate the colors of white light.

Fill in the blanks, using the choices provided, to correctly identify the contributions to the Cell Theory. In the late 1600s, ________ a Dutch tailor who crafted lenses, used his primitive microscope to view pond water, the plaque from his own oral cavity, as well as his own sperm. He referred to all of the organisms he viewed as ______ In 1665, ___________ coined the term to describe the cork tissue he was observing through a lens.

Move the options to the correct category of microscope. LIGHT MICROSCOPE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE Commonly used in the undergraduate college laboratory Uses a beam of electrons instead of a beam of light. Significantly more bulky and expensive. Uses oil-immersion lenses to increase magnification to 1000X. Higher magnification and higher resolving power. Magnify up to approximately 400 times.

Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic, and thus they are similar in many ways. However, plant cells have some structures that are not present in animal cells. Which of the following structures are not found in animal cells?

Monosaccharides and disaccharides are stored in cells in longer chains called polysaccharides, possibly due to the dangers of high levels of sugars or to allow the cells to pull in more sugar passively. Give 3 examples of polysaccharides and their uses in cells.

Which statement about the mRNA start codon is INCORRECT? The start codon defines the reading frame. In prokaryotes, thestart codon is only a few nucleotides from the ribosomal binding site. The start codon is usually GGA. The start codon specifies the amino acid, methionine.

Cell Theory includes that (select all that apply) cells come only from preexisting cells cells must maintain homeostasis all organisms are composed of cells all cells have at least one nucleus

A cell is placed into solution A and shrinks. Solution A is a solution. A cell is placed into solution B and swells. Solution B is a solution.

Which of the following products is generated in the highest quantity during the citric acid cycle? ATP NADH CO₂ FADH₂

Match the staining technique to the appropriate example. 1. Methylene blue [(Click to select) 2 Gram stain (Click to select) 3. Endospore stain (Click to select) 4. Flagellar stain [(Click to select)

Select the one true statement. Mitochondria break down sugar to release energy that an animal cell can use. Chromosomes store nutrients, water, and waste in an animal cell. A plant cell can have a Golgi but does not have endoplasmic reticulum.

Which way would the water move in the following? a. cucumber slice (72% water, 28% solutes) in salt water (63% water, 37% solutes)______ b. salt (0% water, 100% solutes) poured on a snail (60% water, 40% solutes) c. vegetables (70% water, 30% solutes) sprinkled with water (100% water, 0% solutes)

The fluid mosaic model of S.J. Singer and G.L. Nicolson (1972) is widely upheld to explain membrane structure. Draw a diagram in the box showing the components of this model of biological membranes. (Make sure to label too!)

A chemical has been found to harm the same components in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which components are those? DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes, and membrane-bound organelles DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and nucleus DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and membrane-bound organelles

Match the following statement with one of the stages of mitosis: The nucleus and the nucleolus are clearly visible inside the cell. The chromosomes are not visible. a. Interphase b. Prophase c. Metaphase d. Anaphase e. Telophase

Dialysis tubing is often used to model a cell because it is permeable to water molecules but impermeable to solutes such as sucrose and starch. During this experiment, 3 dialysis tubes were half-filled with different sucrose solutions: 10%, 20%, and 30%. One dialysis tubing was half-filled with distilled water. The initial mass of each tube was found. Each dialysis tube was placed in a beaker containing distilled water, then the final mass was found. Results are shown in the table below.

Why is context important when studying fossils? it can tell us what other objects were found it can tell us how old it is it can tell us when a fossil was discovered it can provide better judgement on what exactly happened in the past and what existed in the past.

Match the nuclear component to its description. Chromosomes ____ Double membrane with pores Nuclear envelope_____ Dense granular mass made of RNA, which is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly Nucleolus _____ Composed of DNA, genetic information of the cell

During an investigation of a freshwater lake, an AP Biology student discovers a previously unknown microscopic organism. Further study shows that the unicellular organism is eukaryotic. (a) Identify FOUR organelles that should be present in the eukaryotic organism and describe the function of each organelle. (b) Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotes. However, prokaryotes must perform many of the same functions as eukaryotes. For THREE of the organelles identified in part (a), explain how prokaryotic cells carry out the associated functions. (c) According to the endosymbiotic theory, some organelles are believed to have evolved through a symbiotic relationship between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Describe THREE observations that support the endosymbiotic theory.

These cells can divide several times, but are not capable of unlimited self-renewal. They may produce daughter cells with more than one potential fate. Proliferating precursor cells Terminally differentiated cells Tissue stem cells

In what order do these events occur during M phase? A) The nuclear envelopes finish reforming around the two sets of separated chromosom B) The location of the contractile ring is determined and it begins to form. C) The nuclear envelope breaks down. D) Microtubules attach to kinetochores. CDBA DCBA CDAB DCAB

During normal healthy development, some cell divisions are asymmetric. Which statement about asymmetrically dividing cells is incorrect? An actin/myosin II contractile ring divides the cells by cytokinesis. The cytoplasm is split unequally between the two daughters Asymmetric divisions can occur if the mitotic spindle is not centered in the cell. One daughter cell always receives more chromosomes than the other daughter cell. The two daughter cells may have different fates.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis required the presence of Specialized receptor proteins on the membrane's outer surface Active transport pumps Protein channels to mediate the activity of the receptors Carrier protein that move molecules across the membrane into the cytoplasm

Lightly stained regions of chromatin and darkly stained regions of chromatin are respectively known as: (A) Heterochromatin and euchromatin (B) Euchromatin and heterochromatin C)Haploid and diploid D) Eukaryotic and prokaryotic E Chromosome and nucleus

The requirement of ___makes an organism's cell make-up different from the cell make-up of an inanimate object. energy Interdependence light

Bone and blood cells are considered specialized cells tissues organs prokaryotic

The field of vision of this microscope is brightly illuminated and used for most microscopic work. bright-field microscope electron microscope slide microscope organismal microscope

Which statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells? Plant cells only have a cell wall, and animal cells only have a plasma membrane. Plant cells only have a plasma membrane, and animal cells only have a cell wall. Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall. Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane and a cell wall. Both plant and animal cells have a cell wall, but only animal cells have a plasma membrane.

Just based on the description above, diagram an experiment that would show how the cobra venom / receptor interaction is happening. You need to use a specific patch clamp technique. Along with your drawing, explain which technique you chose and why. Explain how the experiment would work - for example where would you put the cobra venom. Explain, what the result, at the cellular level, would be if the muscle cells in the diaphragm were exposed to this venom. Finally explain why cobra venom leads to trouble breathing and eventually death? (Look this up).

Which of the following is FALSE about the quadrant streak method? a) It enables us to obtain pure cultures. b) It can be performed in liquid broth. c) It is a dilution method. d) It enables us to obtain isolated colonies.

Most of the active functions of plasma membranes are carried out by cholesterol proteins hydrophilic heads hydrophobic tails carbohydrates

How does cell volume affect nutrient exchange between the cell and its external environment? Very large cells are the best adapted for nutrient exchange. Very small cells are the best adapted for nutrient exchange. Nutrient exchange is not impacted by cell volume. The ratio of cell volume to surface area determines the efficiency of nutrient exchange. Cells with a large volume and small surface area are well-adapted for nutrient exchange.

3. Explain how in clinical trials, small interfering RNA (siRNA) is being tested as a potential therapeutic for Huntington disease. Include the goal of such therapy and any negatives to siRNA therapy.

Why do chromosomes coil during mitosis? to allow the chromosomes to fit within the nuclear envelope to allow the chromosomes to move without becoming entangled and breaking to provide for the structure of the centromere to increase their potential energy to allow the sister chromatids to remain attached

Because most receptors are membrane proteins, which of the following is usually true? They are only attached to one membrane surface: exterior or interior. They change their conformation after binding with signal polypeptides. They lead to changes in intracellular ion concentration. They preferentially bind with lipid or glycolipid signal molecules. They open and close in response to protein signals.

Helps determine the structure of molecules and their types of interactions 1.Can form weak interactions with so many different types of polar organic molecules like amino acids and sugars 2. Can hydrogen bond to each other and to specific amino acids of a protein subunit 3. Helps maintaining the structure and function of macromolecules and the complexes that they form 4. Helps maintaining the hydrophobic interaction by interacting with the hydrophobic moeity

If a plasma solution being administered to a trauma victim were hypertonic, red blood cells would _ remain unchanged lyse crenate