Ecology - Biodiversity & Conservation Questions and Answers

Chapter Review Multiply Choice 10 marks 13 An ecologist measured the population density of a certain species Which of these does this measurement reveal a the life history of the population b the number of individuals per unit area c the changes in the population over time d the total number of individuals in the area e the distribution of the population in the area 14 A biologist is sampling a plant population to estimate population size The biologist counts individuals within 10 m of a 100 m long randomly selected line Which technique is the biologist using a mark recapture c quadrats b indirect indicators d transects 15 Which is true of animals living in a clumped distribution pattern a They may use chemical warfare b They aggressively defend their territory c Their food is scarce but evenly distributed d They have the potential for social interactions e Their young are distributed fairly evenly throughout the area e tracks

from Fahrenheit book when the enemy makes the city montag doesn t seem upset even though everyone he was just atomized why do you think montag doesn t care

Humans have caused change to global and local environments Which of the following was NOT important in changing the biosphere O biodiversity O urban development O agriculture O industry

What human activities threaten biodiversity on Earth Select all that may apply Allowing species populations to be unmanaged Overhunting species Introduction of invasive species Enriching habitat to appeal to new species Polluting the environment with toxins Habitat destruction

Match each term with its definition or description 31 Endangered Invasive species Keystone species Biological magnification Biodiversity Extinction 2 points ing toda12 Describes a species that is critical to the functioning of the ecosystem in which it lives because it affects the survival and abundance of many other species in the community A species disappears from all or part of its range The sum total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere Describes a species of plant or animal that has been introduced into an area where it is not native The accumulation of increasingly large amounts of toxic substances in successively higher levels of a food chain The population of a species declines in such a way that places the species in danger of extinction P

Biological magnification causes the greatest harm to the herbivores in a food chain O True O False

When protecting an endangered species why is it important to protect the entire ecosystem in which an endangered species lives When introducing a new species scientists want to ensure plenty of resources An endangered species is dependent upon resources found in the ecosystem in which it lives All endangered species require a lot of land to roam We re conserving the cute fuzzies Isn t that enough

5 points Match each definition with the word or phrase it describes The warming of Earth that occurs when certain gases trap the energy of the sun in the atmosphere The naturally occurring gas found in the atmosphere that screens out much of the ultraviolet radiation Earth receives from the sun The areas of low ozone concentration that are found over polar regions at certain times of the year Describes increases in the average temperature of the biosphere The ozone destroying molecules that human activities release into the atmosphere Global warming Ozone Chloroflourocarbons CFC s Greenhouse effect Ozone holes

Which ritual is used to speak to the ancestral spirits O sangoma O winnowing tray ritual O blowing of smoke O raising of leaves

About how much of all life that has ever existed on Earth has become extinct A 1 B 99 C 50 D 75

Suit Number of Cards Allele Frequency Suit Number of Cards Whi k Allele Frequency Diamonds 6 15 Diamonds 13 32 5 Clubs 11 27 5 Trial 2 Clubs 9 22 5 Spades 13 32 5 Spades 11 27 5 Hearts 10 25 Hearts 7 17 5

0 00 0 18 A B E C Speed 1x A food web includes many intersecting food chains A food chain includes many intersecting food webs

7 A graph of the human population growth is similar to which of these a a stable population b a declining population c a population exhibiting logistic growth d a population that has reached its carrying capacity e a population growing without limiting factors 8 Which of the following contributes most to the current human population growth a decrease in birth rate b increase in birth rate c decrease in death rate d increase in death rate e decrease in death rate and increase in birth rate

Car exhaust has been blamed for increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air Some scientists believe this additional carbon dioxide in the air may cause 1 global warming 2 increased biodiversity 3 habitat preservation 4 ozone destruction D Deforestation will most directly result in an immediate increase in 1 atmospheric carbon dioxide 2 atmospheric ozone 3 wildlife populations 4 renewable resources 21 Which human activity has probably contributed most to lake acidification in the Adirondack region of New York State 1 passage of environmental protection laws 2 reforestation projects in lumbered areas 3 production of chemical air pollutants by industry 4 use of biological insect controls to eliminate pests 26 Which statement illustrates how human activities can most directly change the dynamic equilibrium of an ecosystem 1 A hurricane causes a stream to overflow its banks 2 Increased wind increases water evaporation from a plant 3 Water pollution causes a decrease in fish populations in a river 4 The ozone shield helps prevent harmful radiation from reaching the surface of Earth 22 A major reason that humans can have such a significant impact on an ecological community is that humans 1 can modify their environment through technology 2 reproduce faster than most other species 3 are able to increase the amount of finite resources available 4 remove large amounts of carbon dioxide from the air 27 Which illustrates the human population s increased understanding and concern for ecological interrelationships 23 Explain how the runoff waters from farm land and golf courses might be dangerous to organisms living in ponds rivers or streams 1 24 Explain why water shortages occur frequently in parts of New York State even though the water supply is nearly constant 1 28 When living organisms obtain water and food from their environment they may also take in toxic pesticides Low concentrations of some pesticides may not kill animals but they may damage reproductive organs and cause sterility The data table below shows concentrations of a pesticide in tissues of organisms at different levels of a food chain 25 The number of industries along New York State s rivers is increasing What is the most likely consequence of increased industrialization 1 a decrease in the amount of water needed by industry 2 a decrease in the amount of water pollution 3 an increase in the destruction of natural 1 importing organisms in order to disrupt existing ecosystems 2 allowing the air to be polluted only by those industries that promote technology 3 removing natural resources from the Earth at a rate equal to or greater than the needs of an increasing population 4 developing animal game laws in order to limit the number of organisms that may be killed each year ecosystems 4 an increase in the amount of water available Concentration of Pesticide in Tissues Pesticide Concentration parts per million Organisms producers herbivores carnivores 0 01 0 03 0 25 1 50 4 10 313 80 What does this information suggest to a person who is concerned about health and is deciding on whether to have a plant rich or an animal rich diet Support your answer using the information provided 1

Part A An organism s adaptations are specific to its native environment An organism that lives in a coniferous forest will have different adaptations compared to an animal that lives in a tropical rain forest The following graphs show the temperature and precipitation throughout the year for two different forests a coniferous forest in Canada and a tropical rain forest in Belize Evaluate the graphs and then explain why plants from these two ecosystems will have different adaptations In your answer explain the survival challenges that plants face in these two environments Coniferous Forest Temperature C 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 J F MAM Tropical Rain Forest J JASON D Month Precipitation mm 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 12 14 4 1 J F M A M J JASON D Month

Question 4 Mandatory 2 points Which species are the most vulnerable to fungal infections Animals Reptiles Humans Plants Question 5 Mandatory 2 points Humans have many different uses for fungi Explain one way hum

Community 1 A 25 B 25 C 25 D 25 Community 2 A 80 B 5 C 8 D 10 Why is Community 2 considered to have less biodiversity than Community 1 even though both communities have four different species of trees

True or False Exotic species can incorporate into an ecosystem without any disruption to the plants and animals already established there A True B False

O Contain only advocacy group web sites with political agendas O Must be evaluated well because this domain contains both very reputable non profit organization web sites and advocacy groups with hidden agendas Contain reputable non profit organizations with reliable information always Are always non profit organizations that are reputable

2 What are some of the dangers of cloning humans

Identify the amount of carbon present in Earth s crust in the form of minerals 0 03 O 0 30 O 0 02 O 0 20

O Invasion Stabilization Competition and co action Reaction Nudation O Nudation Invasion Competition and co action Reaction Stabilization

O problem solution O refutation O comparative advantage O cause effect Question 14 In his speech about gun restrictions Jose told a personal story that he was at Las Vegas in 2017 during the mass shooting that took place there Jose employed wh type of appeal select all that apply Opathos logos 3 credos

Each of the following factors contribute to desertification EXCEPT O farming O overgrazing O invasive species drought

A species whose population is declining in numbers so rapidly that it might disappear altogether is said to O decimated O invasive O endangered extinct

9 Using the data from this simulation what conclusions can you make about the relationship between the buffalo and wildebeest living in the Serengeti ecosystem

dep and depending variable in Brooklyn Botanical Garden We re talking about how flowers in polluted areas differ from

Discuss scientific researches or findings you could conduct with Brooklyn Botanical Garden State independent dependent and control variables in the experiment

Which of the following is an example of a density independent limiting factor Zebra population growth is limited as a result of grass depletion O The songbird population growth is limited by the spread of a disease O Rodent population growth is regulated by a hurricane that destroys their burrows White tailed deer population growth is regulated by wolves predation of white tailed de

Discuss scientific researches you could conduct with Brooklyn Botanical Garden

Which dam produces the least electricity Fall Creek Dam Copco 1 Dam JC Boyle Dam

Which of the following is NOT likely to be a limiting factor for the sea urchin that lives in ocean Disease O Drought Competition O Predation

Which is NOT a function of the bacteria of the microbiome in the body A Help digest food B Regulate immune system C Allow growth of disease causing bacteria D Produce vitamins

In this course you have learned about factors affecting environments and the biodiversity on Earth In this activity you will discuss what you think is the most significant factor affecting environments and biodiversity Describe what role do humans have in protecting or changing this issue Explain steps or plans you would implement to help the issue Here are a few examples of ideas you can discuss Climate change Habitat destruction Invasive species Pollution Overpopulation

Of the six dams built along the Klamath River four have been proposed for removal Why have these specific dams been targeted for removal Select all that may apply New dams will incorporate all the newest technologies available The dams don t provide water for irrigation to farmers The dams are causing the Klamath lakes to become too deep The dams were built prior to the Environmental Protection Agency Therefore they lack protections like fish ladders The energy they generate can now be produced by other more efficient means

What is the conservation status of your species A threatened

According to Figure 4 how much electricity in megawatts does the Copco 2 Dam generate Enter the numerical value only

1 For each adaptation listed decide what type of adaptation it is behavioral structural or physiologica 1 compounds that prevent the coagulating of blood a physiological P Pr 2 flippers to swim 3 Toxins in plant leaves 4 Birds migrating 5 laying in the sun to warm up body temperatures 6 Bears Hibernating 7 camouflage 8 large ears to radiate heat b behavioral c structural

Which is the largest expense as shown in the diagram Just in Case Entertainment Clothing Savings Transportation Car Payment Insurance Bus Fare Medical Insurance and Medications O Housing Medical expense O Food O Transportation Housing Mortgage Payment Insurance Utilities Food

Davis lost his job and is unable to pay his bills He has decided to file for bankruptcy and has gone through credit counseling What type of bankruptcy is Davis filing for O Chapter 7

Match each vocabulary term to its definition number of individuals in a population average number of individual per unit of volume how individuals are spread throughout their habitat change in the size of a popula tion over time how fast a population size changes over time diagram showing the age sex structure of a population a b population growth rate population distribution CR population density f population pyramid e population growth population size

are private consumer groups who speak out for consumer interests and help consumers with complaints O Advocates O Mediators Campaigners

1 which are true about salmon choose all correct ones aquaadvatage a by law they must be raised in closed pens b aquaadvantage salmon has been genetically modified with a growth hormone from pacific chinook salmon c currently they are raised exclusively in prince edward island d aquaadvantage salmon requires 25 less feed for the weight produced e 100 aquaadvantage salmon are sterile

The diagram on the right shows a Chesapeake Bay Waterbird Food Web Which of the following organisms from the food web are considered secondary consumer Chesapeake Bay Waterbird Food Web

Which of the following organisms from the food web are considered secondary consum

Damian Carrington Environment editor Mon 10 Jul 2017 15 00 EDT Last modified on Wed 14 Feb 2018 12 10 EST P1 A biological annihilation of wildlife in recent decades means a sixth mass extinction in Earth s history is under way and is more severe than previously feared according to research Scientists Warn Researchers talk of biological annihilation as study reveals billions of populations of animals have been lost in recent decades Scientists analyzed both common and rare species and found billions of regional or local P2 populations have been lost They blame human overpopulation and overconsumption for the crisis and warn that it threatens the survival of human civilization with just a short window of time in which to act P3 P4 The study published in the peer reviewed journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences eschews the normally sober tone of scientific papers and calls the massive loss of wildlife a biological annihilation that represents a frightening assault on the foundations of human civilization Prof Gerardo Ceballos at the Universidad Nacional Aut noma de M xico who led the work said The situation has become so bad it would not be ethical not to use strong language Previous studies have shown species are becoming extinct at a significantly faster rate than for millions of years before but even so extinctions remain relatively rare giving the impression of a P5 gradual loss of biodiversity The new work instead takes a broader view assessing many common species which are losing populations all over the world as their ranges shrink but remain present elsewhere QUESTION 1 Are species becoming extinct at a significantly faster rate What evidence supports this The article says that species becoming extinct at a significantly faster rate A quote from the article to support this can be found in paragraph The quote is My answer for Question 1

Tertiary consumers Secondary consumers Primary consumers Primary producers Trophic level 0 Energy Pyramid 10 J 100 J 1 000 J 10 000 J 1 000 000 J of sunlight Energy Joules 10 of the energy from a lower trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level O The difference in energy available at each trophic level changes because nutrients such as carbon compounds are destroyed as they are consumed Only 10 of the original energy from the sun makes it to the top level of the energy pyramid O 10 of the energy from one level is lost as heat

42 Components of an emerging global awareness of the dynamics of Earth includes a satellite monitoring b fixed and free floating buoys in the ocean c camera arrays deployed across places like the Serengeti d citizen and community science 11 of the above

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT Bioremediation O is the use of microbes to clean up contaminated soil can result in the breakdown of pollutants in groundwater can transform toxic contaminants into non toxic gases such as carbon dioxide processes include oxidation reduction REDOX reactions O of hydrocarbons is not limited by intrinsic factors in the soil

This graph represents three different populations Use it to answer the following questions Population Size 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1 A B 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Increasing years O Population C O Population A O They are all growing at the same rate O Population B C Which population is growing at the fastest rate