Evolution Questions and Answers

Diversity 0 0012 0 0006 0 0000 5 UTR 1st exon 1st intron Middle exon Other intron 200 bp upstream 3 UTR Last exon 200 bp downstream This image was shown and discussed in Video 4 3 Which statement below best describes how these data were interpreted in the 1000 genomes study of 2010 describing sequence variation across the genome among 1000 genetically diverse humans O Genetic drift occurs preferentially in the coding portions of genes O Genetic drift occurs preferentially in the non coding portions of genes O Selective sweeps reduce allelic diversity in coding portions compared to non coding portions of genes Negative selection preferentially suppresses the accumulation of DNA sequence variation in the coding portions of genes O Mutations occur less often in the coding portions of genes compared to the non coding portions

All forms of selection involve individuals with inherited genetic differences competing within a population Selection outcomes are determined by fitness a measure of Genotypes that are advantageous to fitness are positively selected causing an individuals with that genotype over time When a genotype is disadvantageous to fitness selection will in frequency of the frequency of individuals with that genotype over time One possible outcome of selection is fixation which means that a particular of a given gene is the only one present in the population

Insensitivity to poison ivy is a dominant trait assume that it is determined by alleles of a single gene for this problem In a population of 400 people living in an isolated community in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium 350 people are sensitive to poison ivy and develop a rash after contacting the toxic plant and 50 are insensitive and do not react What is the frequency of the dominant allele round your values to 3 decimal points O 0 125 O 0 353 O 0 935 O 0 875 O 0 065

Which of the following conditions of Hardy Weinberg equilibrium must be met for the following relationships between allele and genotype frequencies to hold true f AA p f aa q f Aa 2pq O The population is large All of these conditions O There is no selection for or against any genotype O Alleles combine at random i e mating is random There is no mutation There is no migration of individuals in or out of the population

Question 6 Points 1 Which of the following was broken into during the Watergate Break in O The World Trade Center O The Capitol Building O The headquarters of the Democratic National Committee O The White House

Points 1 The 1980s in Spain group demanded complete independence and used terrorism throughout the O Basque separatist O Serbs separatist O Croats separatist Slovakia separatist Rese Reset this ass Re Questic

Tom Hayden Al Haber Mario Savio Based on your own knowledge the names on the list belong to O Students for a Democratic Society O the Free Speech Movement O the New Left

What was the name of the leader of the North Vietnamese forces during the Vietnam War O Nguyen Van Thieu Q Ho Chi Minh O Vietcong Walter Cronkite Reset Reset b this ass Question 1 5 Res

Question 8 Who are the big three allied leaders who met in Tehran Points 1 O Churchill Roosevelt and Stalin William Kennedy and Roosevelt Stalin Kennedy and Johnson Kennedy Churchill and Robert Complete Later Complete

uestion 4 Points 1 Which statement about the Post WWII Era is NOT true The US economy attained new heights of economic growth and expansion resulting in improved living standards After World War II the United States economy went into a long recession that did not turn around until the Vietnam War Kennedy s successor Lyndon Johnson aimed at the creation of the Great Society He aimed to eradicate poverty and bring about essential civil rights legislation Brown v Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark case where the U S Supreme Court declared that segregation in education was unconstitutional Re th Que 1 5 9

Question 7 Which of the following is are TRUE about Okinawa Points 2 One of the big battles of the Pacific O One of the strategic points of Americans More than 1500 planes were involved in this battle O The U S Navy lost 50 000 sailors in the Okinawa battle

Question 9 Points 1 What was the involvement of the United States in World War II O The US was neutral The Americans supported Great Britain The Americans supported Japan All of the choices

Question 10 Points 1 Which country was most affected by the Neutrality Act Soviet Union O France Germany O United States Complete Later Complete

What did the Neutrality Acts of the 1930s do Passed between 1935 and 1937 the Neutrality Acts declared the US policy of maintaining Oneutrality This act when revised in 1939 allowed the US to send ammunitions to the Allies through a cash and carry method O The Neutrality Acts declared that the US will refrain from participating in any war The Neutrality Acts prevented the Soviet Union from involvement in helping the Western powers against Germany O All of the choices 5 Rese this Quest 9 R

Points 1 Question 5 Why were Japan and Italy able to carry out aggressive territorial policies in the 1930s The League of Nations could not restrict actions that they opposed or enforce rules O World War I made countries reluctant to wage war O Italy and Japan had little opposition O All of the choices

Question 2 Points 2 Which of the following is NOT a factor in how Mussolini and Hitler were able to exert power in Europe Mussolini and Hitler were both effective leaders Mussolini and Hitler faced little opposition for a period of time Mussolini formed alliances with other nations Mussolini and Hitler were both isolationists 5 9 Re Res this Quest 1 R

What is the core factor that can induce heritable changes in the genotype frequency of a population mutations in the sexual chromosomes mutations in the somatic chromosomes sexual reproduction natural selection both A and B answers are correct both C and D answers are correct

Allopatric speciation occurs without gene flow rather it is due to the geographical isolation of populations of the initially same species True False Question 7 2 points Listen In lake Tanganyaka there is a population of fishes with 2 alleles B and b for the gene coding for the color of the dorsal fin of the fish B is dominant over b The dominant phenotype for the dorsal fin is black whereas the recessive phenotype is blue Following the Hardy Weinberg equation and knowing that the population includes 100 members 25 fishes with a blue fin 75 with a black fin including 20 of heterozygous determine the provide the value of n and that of a

the phenotype of the majority of the individuals in this population Question 5 1 point Listen Evolution can be defined as the variations in the alleles frequency of a population over time True False Question 6 1 point 4 Listen Allopatric speciation occurs without gene flow rather it is due to the geographical isolation of populations of the initially same species True False

a genetic drift is due to the change in the proportion of alleles within a population to the random mating of individuals accross populations the movements of individuals within a population

The pedigree below shows two affected parents and their unaffected children The illustrated trait is recessive d This pedigree best shows an example of O complementation O X linkage O pleiotropy O incomplete penetrance O variable expressivity

Which of the following BEST completes the analogy IS TO AS IS TO Russia O Charles de Gaulle France Joseph Stalin O Joseph Stalin France Charles de Gaulle O Joseph Stalin Russia Adolf Hitler Emperor Hirohito Japan Benito Mussolini

Question 17 Points 1 European immigrants coming to the United States on the East Coast were only granted entrance at in New York O China Town Avery Island O Ellis Island O Angel Island Questions 5 9 13 17 21 18 22

estion 15 Points 1 ho was the head of Tammany Hall NYC Democratic political machine led Tweed Ring a oup of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city M Thomas Nast O Tammy Washington O Boss Tweed George Washington Plunkitt Complete Later Complete Questic 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29

Choose the correct answer Archduke Francis Ferdinand the heir to the throne of then sent an ultimatum to Serbia visiting Sarajero was killed Oy 25 1914 France Italy June 28 1914 Austro Hungary Austria Hungary June 29 1914 France Italy Complete Cater Complete while

Question 41 Points 1 Who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand William II Otto von Bismarck O Gavrilo Princip O Sophie Duchess of Hohenberg

fish appeared in the Silurian reached their greatest diversity in the Devonian a time known as the Age of Fishes and became extinct at the end of the Devonian They had no true teeth although the jaws had sharp tusklike projections and no preservable internal skeleton The only structure made of bone was the external armor Denver Museum of Nature Science Dunkleosteus an extinct Devonian marine placoderm fish found in Ohio The skull is more than 1 m high and 1 m wide Use these references to answer the questions below American Museum of Natural History Hall of Vertebrate Origins http www amnh org exhibitions permanent exhibitions fossil halls hall of vertebrate origins American Museum of Natural History Dunkleosteus http www amnh org exhibitions permanent exhibitions fossil halls hall of vertebrate origins dunkleosteus Anderson P S L Westneat M W 2007 Feeding mechanics and bite force modeling of the skull of Dunkleosteus terrelli an ancient apex predator Biology Letters 3 76 79 http rsbl royalsocietypublishing org content 3 1 77 full Cleveland Museum of Natural History Dunkleosteus terrelli http www cmnh org site AtThe Museum OnExhibit PermanentExhibits Dunk aspx University of California Museum of Paleontology 2000 Introduction to the Placodermi Extinct Armored Fishes with Jaws http www ucmp berkeley edu vertebrates basalfish placodermi html 39 In what formation were the Dunkleosteus fossils found 40 How long was Dunkleosteus 41 How much did Dunkleosteus weigh 42 Was Dunkleosteus a predator or a scavenger 43 What is suction feeding and how did it work feet tons 44 Dunkleosteus did not have teeth so how did it bite Describe the jaw and how it stayed sharp 45 How did its bite compare to other animals including fish mammals alligators and dinosaurs 46 What did Dunkleosteus eat Look at the skull of the Dunkleosteus in the photo Examine the eye Notice the sclerotic ring the bony structure in the eye socket for the protection of the eye All birds have this sclerotic ring It protects their eyes against rapid air pressure changes during flights It is also used to help the eye focus on distant objects Read more about the sclerotic ring here

33 Did they have gills 34 Did they have scales 35 Give the age period name and dates of the earliest fish from these two references 36 Where did Astraspis live List four states where they have been found THE EVOLUTION OF FISH WITH JAWS Jawed fish are gnathostomes as opposed to the ostracoderms or jawless fish The classification of the gnathostomes is shown in Box 12 2 A simplified version of some of the traditional nomenclature is included in blue Box 12 2 Classification of the Gnathostomes GNATHOSTOMES Osteostraci fossil armored jawless vertebrates called ostracoderms Gnathostomata vertebrates with jaws Placodermi placoderm fish armored jawed vertebrates Chondrichthyes sharks and rays Teleostomi teleost fish Acanthodii spiny fish Osteichthyes bony fish Actinopterygii ray finned fish most modern fish Sarcopterygii lobe finned fish and terrestrial vertebrates Class Sarcopterygii Coelacanthimorpha coelacanths Order Coelacanthiformes Dipnoi lung fish Subclass Dipnoi Onychodontiformes extinct fish Porolepimorpha extinct fish Osteolepimorpha extinct lobe finned fishes such Eusthenopteron Rhizodontimorpha extinct lobe finned fishes Terrestrial vertebrates Subclass Tetrapodomorph Janvier P 1997 Gnathostomata Jawed Vertebrates Tree of Life Web Project http tolweb org tree group Gnathostomata contgroup Vertebrata Scroll down to see the diagram relating jaws in red to gill arches in green in this reference Zimmer C 1996 Death From the Pleistocene Sky Discover 17 3 http discovermagazine com 1996 mar deathfromtheplei720 37 What animal is shown in the diagram with jaws and gill arches in the Gnathostomata reference Hint See the caption 38 What does the Zimmer article propose as a reason for the development of jaws

Latimeria a modern sarcopterygian coelacanth living near Madagascar Note the similarity of the tail to that of Eusthenopteron fossils in the previous figure The tail is very different from that of the ray finned fishes This example is about 2 m long From Levin H 2013 The Earth Through Time 10th edition figure 12 75 p 370 This material is reproduced with permission of John Wiley Sons Inc 55 Compare the shape of the tail of the living coelacanth to that of Eusthenopteron Describe the similarities and differences 56 Compare the tail of the coelacanth to that of the ray finned fishes from the Green River Formation In the boxes below sketch both and describe the differences Tail of Coelacanth Tail of ray finned fish 57 Describe the function of the swim bladder 58 Which type of fish was the most likely ancestor to the amphibians Some of the best preserved fossil fish are in the Green River Formation Eocene in Wyoming

21 Listen Two plant species live in the same biome but on different continents two species are not at all closely related they may appear quite similar as a result of Oparallel evolution allopatric speciation Omigration convergent evolution Ogene flow

A RrYyCc x RrYyCc R round r wrinkled Y yellow y green C smooth c constricted oth co Considering the P1 above what is the probability of a plant having a round yellow constricted pod a wrinkled green smooth pod OR a wrinkled yellow constricted pod 27 64 B 3 64 C 15 64

04 03 MC Which of the following would a Spartan boy be more likely to do than an Athenian boy Become a citizen O Work as a craftsman O Live in a barrack O Know how to read

Which two conditions increase the chances that a species will be driven to extinction A A low mutation rate B Gradual changes in the environment C A high mutation rate D Drastic changes in the environment

The image shows the geologic time scale from the Hadean eon to the Phanerozoic eon Eons Hadean Archoan Eoms of the Geologic Time Scale Proterozoic Ediacaran period 541 Millions of years ago 4 600 4 000 3 200 2500 1 600 1 000 Phanerozoic 300 2 6 Which two statements are supported by the information in the geologic time scale A The Ediacaran period supported the development of the first animals around 800 million years ago B The Phanerozoic eon experienced rapid diversification of life C Many fossils originated from the Archean era D The Proterozoic era saw little change in species biodiversity

A human arm a horse s foreleg and a bat s wing all have the s arrangement of bones Which term best describes these struc A Analogous B Adaptive OC Vestigial D Homologous

Which sentence describes the endosymbiotic theory A All eukaryotic organelles formed through infolding of the cell membrane B Organelles arose when a temperature change caused protobionts to form around organic compounds C All of the organelles in a eukaryote evolved from a single prokaryote D A prokaryote engulfed another prokaryote and kept its features

Which action might produce biochemical evidence that supports the theory o evolution A Studying DNA sequences from related organisms B Comparing fossils with modern organisms C Analyzing proteins from organisms of different species D Examining structures during an organism s early stages of development

Which statement is true about natural selection A It acts on a population as a whole B It causes allele frequencies in a population to remain the same C It can act on a single individual or a group of individuals D It causes the alleles in an individual to become more favorable

Question 24 of 25 How does fertilization increase genetic variation among family members A It allows crossing over to produce new combinations of alleles on a chromosome B It allows independent assortment to produce new combinations of chromosomes OC It combines gametes from different individuals to produce unique sets of traits D It produces gametes with unique combinations of alleles that can be combined during sexual reproduction SUBMIT

When Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red eyed F generation flies to each other the F2 generation included both red and white eyed flies Remarkably all the white eyed flies were male What was the explanation for this result The gene involved is located on an autosome but only in males The gene involved is located on the X chromosome The gene involved is located on the Y chromosome Other male specific factors influence eye color in flies

Which of the following processes would allow the detection of alternative splicing of transcripts from a given gene Compare the sequences of different mRNAs made from the given gene Compare the sequences of different primary transcripts made from the given gene Measure the relative rates of transcription of the given gene compared to that of a gene known to be constitutively spliced Compare the DNA sequence of the given gene to that of a similar gene in a related organism

22 All Member States are part of the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations Systems True or False False

Ongated snout in R udzungwensis and true shrews are A primates rodents rabbits shrews all other golden elephant mammals relatives relatives tenrecs moles aardvarks shrews manatees hyraxes elephants marsupials 4 4 Homologous trait Phylogenetic Tree based on DNA sequences

8 Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough O It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment O It permits internal fertilization to be replaced by external fertilization It provides insulation to conserve heat OIt has a shell that increases gas exchange OIt prolongs embryonic development

Listen Which of the following is a shared ancestral character for all reptiles amniotic egg radial symmetry cold blooded four chambered heart 76 1 point obrates are asso

4 Listen Which of the following are the only extant existing animals that descended directly from dinosaurs birds crocodiles lizards snakes turtles

Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough OIt allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment It has a shell that increases gas exchange OIt provides insulation to conserve heat OIt permits internal fertilization to be replaced by external fertilization It prolongs embryonic development

Examine the caminalcules carefully referring to the following diagram showing their morphological characters B C D Character Anterior Appendages Eyes Posterior Appendag State 1 Tentacles Firs Present Absent Sucker Anterior Ridge Present Dorsal Ridas Absent Present Posterior i Assent Present State 0 A Le Bum Greidar Triangular tel B Absent 2 C Use the above data matrix you just created to compile the number of synapomorphic traits between each pair of caminalcule species in this table by dragging and dropping the appropriate numbers 0 6 D State 2 D Lass Legs E Arend W 8 Dal Proge OG 0 0 0 O CM A L Eyee s p oppentage O a Ob to complete the data matrix below by dragging either 0 1 or 2 character states Watch the lecture 7 50 of the answer is in there CHARACTER STATE Eyes CHARACTER OG A Anterior Appendages 0000 000000 BCDE Fosterior Appendages 00 Auterio Ridge00 Dorsal Ridge 000000 Potetice R00 Lateral Bump 00000 7 Now you can use these data to cluster your caminalcule species nto a tree that represents their phylogeny based on parsimony Which of the following trees is the most parsimonious tree The parsimony principle is basic to all science and tells us to choose the simplest scientific explanation that fits the evidence In terms of tree building that means that all other things being equal the best hypothesis is the one that requires the fewest evolutionary changes I hope you answered a in the previous question Now let s ma one of the traits eyes onto th most parsimonious tree Drag a drop the traits so that you minimize the steps OG B C D A

Consider the reaction Use the References to access important values if needed for this question N O4 9 2NO 9 Write the equilibrium constant for this reaction in terms of the equilibrium constants K and K for the reactions below Ng g 2O g N O 9 K 1 2 N 9 O g NO 9 K For answers with both a subscript and a superscript enter the subscript first For example enter K 2 if the first equilibrium constant should be squared K

I UNTANGLED THOUGHTS As you learn how to gather information from various sources answer the following questions by carefully observing the pictures below Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper I III byjus com blog concept of species Concept of Species Species are often defined as a group of individuals with similar characteristics where they can interbreed to produce fertile offsprings To differentiate between different types of living organisms species is used as the principal natural cautin biology CONCEPT OF SPECIES Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Homo sapiens Members of the genus Homo with a hightforehead and thin skull bones Homo Hominids with upright posture and large brains Hominids Primates with relatively fat faces and three dimensional vision Primates Mammals with collar bones and grasping fingers Mammals Chordates with fur or hair and milk glands Chordates Animals with a backbone Animals Organisms able to move on their own IV II caurtingkaalaman TVPatrol ABSCBNNews Fernandina Giant Tortoise ang inakalang extinct na species ng tortoise Kaunting Kaalaman THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES AUT EXTINCT TORTOISE BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION PRESENTATION OF FAVOURI BACES IN THE STROOILE FOR LIFE By CHARLES DARWIN MA FELLOL LONDON JOBS MURRAY ALBENARLE STREET V Extinct Animals An Encyclopedia of Species that Have Disappeared during Human History 1 A primary source is anything that gives you direct evidence about the people events or phenomena that you are researching Which of the following is are considered primary source s B III and IV C I and V D IV only A I and II 2 References such as internet articles documentaries posters and encyclopedias that describe interpret evaluate or analyze information from primary sources are what we consider C general sources D tertiary sources A primary sources B secondary sources 3 means putting ideas and findings from multiple sources together in order to make an overall and new idea A Synthesizing B Summarizing C Inferencing D Outlining 4 One of the sources above synthesizes one general idea Which is it A The Concept of a Specie and Its Classifications B The Taxonomy C The Advantage of High Biodiversity D Activities that Community Engage in Conserving Endangered Species 5 Which is true about synthesizing A integrating and retelling multiple details B integrating multiple details from multiple texts to generate bigger thought C integrating multiple details and generating bigger thought D putting ideas from various sources together to produce new idea