Evolution Questions and Answers

In the image below panel A shows the distribution of beak sizes in populations of two finch species that each live on different islands Panel B shows the distribution of beak sizes for populations of the same two species that both live on the same island What nost likely accounts for the greater divergence in beak sizes in sympatric finch species panel B A fuligines 0 40 0 30 0 20 0 10 2 fuliginoss G fortis Los Hermanos fortis Daphine Major 4 3 6 Bill depth mm 7 B G fuliginona 0 40 0 30 0 20 0 10 faliginosa G fortis fortis 2345 6 Bill depth mm Santa Cruz a interspecific competition based on limited resources among the population in panel B b increased strength of genetic drift experienced by populations in panel B C absence of phenotypic variance Vp within each species shown in panel A of

or Salamander w that live in a particular geographic region Over time a geographic barrier forms dividing the salamanders into two populations that split into two species w x Eventually more geographic barriers finally resulting in the formation of 4 separate species of salamanders w x y and z Which one of the phylogenetic trees best describes the relationships between these salamander species assuming that the structure of the phylogeny mirrors the order that geographic barriers form W Time a Tree A Ob Tree B W y A W Z X W wx X y Time W B Z W X y z Z W X C y

The phylogenetic tree at right with the root at the left represents the current best understanding of relationships among the human immunodeficiency viruses HIV that cause AIDS and simian immunodeficiency viruses SIV in other primates HIV includes two major groups of viruses HIV 1 the cause of the AIDS epidemic and HIV 2 each of which includes several groups or subtypes The primate hosts of each viral strain are indicated Which of the following statements is best supported by this phylogeny HIV 1 human HIV 1 human SIV chimpanzee SIV chimpanzee SIV chimpanzee HIV 1 human HIV I human SIV chimpanzee SIV L Hoest s monkey SIV sun tailed monkey SIV mandrill SIV vervet monkey SIV grivet monkey SIV tantalus monkey HIV 2 human HIV 2 human Low SIV sooty mangabey SIV sooty mangabey SIV Sykes s monkey O a HIV 1 in humans was derived at least twice from SIV in chimanzees O b HIV 1 and HIV 2 evolved from one common ancestral virus strain that was acquired by humans from one species of monkey c The HIV viruses are more closely related to each other than to the SIV viruses

You ve been researching a small population of mice that appear to have a Mendelian trait with respect to the color of their fur The dominant allele A1 confers dark fur while the recessive allele A2 results in light fur You round up a very large group of biology students who want extra credit to help you catch genotype and release 1300 mice You have the following genotype chart A1A1 435 A1A2 165 A2A2 700 There are not very many heterozygotes and you suspect that there may be some kind of selection acting against them for some reason The null hypothesis is that there is no selection on this trait and the population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium with respect to fur color Your first step is to find the allele frequencies To the nearest two decimal places what is the allele frequency for the A1 allele

The following question refers to the generalized life cycle for land plants shown in the figure Each number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part and each number over an arrow represents meiosis mitosis or fertilization 2n C binary fission D mitosis 0000 In the figure the process labeled 6 involves OA fertilization OB meiosis e

What alternate form of genes do nucleic acids have that allows them to offer variability allele O codon O nucleotide O chromosome

Which of these events based on plant fossils came last most recently OA extensive growth of gymnosperm forests O B rise and diversification of angiosperms OC carboniferous swamps with giant horsetails and lycophytes OD colonization of land by early liverworts and mosses Question 5 1 point int in a tropical rain forest Investigation of flagellated sperm

hich of the following selection represents selection observed in El Garrapater Selection for one extreme and against the other extreme DE Phenotype Trait of individuals A of individuals Selection against the extreme phenotypes at both ends of trait distribution B of individuals C B O A Population after selection Original population Directional selection Population after selection Phenotype Trait Phenotype Trait Selection for the extremes and against the mean Original population Stabilizing selection Population after selection Original population Disruptive selection

Genes are less restricted the further away they are from each other and are more likely to crossover according to A Watson and Crick B Gregor Mendel C Alfred Sturtevant D Thomas Hunt Morgan

A What is the conclusion if a null hypothesis reads The difference between the expected and observed results is not statistically different and my analysis finds that there is a significant difference The null is accepted and there is no difference B The null is void and the opposite is true C The null is void and there is no difference

A Since the trait shows up primarily in males we can assume that it is probably recessive B V not sex linked C sex linked

A Even with the mechanisms of variation preceding which unites the gametes and produces the zygote there are still 64 trillion possible combinations random fertilization B crossing over C indepen dent assort ment

A is the raw material for natural selection therefore without nothing would evolve variation B weak individuals C clones

Identify the correct statement below in relation to a Humans did not evolve b Humans have evolved and continue to evolve socially but not biologically c Humans evolved until about 5 million years ago but are no longer evolving d Humans have evolved and are evolving

In your simulations you used the presence of observable physical characteristics to support the branching pattern of your trees What other characteristic did you use to support your trees Reproductive rate Size of the DNA molecules Position of DNA nucleotides in DNA sequences Lifespan

Of the 56 species of honecreepers in Hawaii 18 remain many of these 18 are critically endangered Which of the following choices best explains the absence of the 38 other species a They migrated to Asia Ob They went extinct c They evolved camouflage and cannot be located d They evolved to live underground and therefore cannot be located

Sterile techniques are useful to prevent contamination of your bacterial culture True False

Which of the following is NOT true of fossils They provide a evidence that evolutionary change tends to be gradual b examples of transitional species c a complete record of past life on Earth d a physical proof of extinction and speciation

The goal of O a to summarize the fossil record b to explain how all species are related to each other c to be a library of all life that has ever lived d to describe how natural selection works

When a catastrophe causes the genetic diversity of a population to change it is known as A the Bottleneck Effect C Sexual Selection B Natural Selection D a Small Population Effect

If the frequency of the black allele B allele for the moth coloration gene in the newly founded island population of moths in your GENETIC DRIFT Lab simulation was 78 what was the frequency of the white allele b allele in that same population at the same time 19 5 22 39 78 4 Impossible to determine from the limited information given

Assessment Question 4 Where can you find your state specific Lottery information to sell Lottery tickets and redeem winning Lottery tickets Barcode and Quick Reference Guide Lottery Terminal Handbook Lottery vending machine OneWalmart using Handheld BYOD Submit Close

mony to constructing a phylogenetic tree choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes either in DNA sequences or morphology choose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally probable base phylogenetic trees only on the fossil record as this provides the simplest explanation for evolution

The common ancestor of all the species displayed in a phylogenetic tree lies at the it could be any of the above root of the tree node of the tree tip of the tree

Natural selection can lead to speciation because the evolutionary changes that two populations acquire while adapting to different habitats may have the effect of making them reproductively isolated Oby causing small populations to diverge more than large populations by favoring the same evolutionary change in multiple populations by favoring intermediate phenotypes

Certain fish in the Antarctic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean that are not closely related to each other have each evolved natural antifreeze molecules as adaptations to living in the frigid waters This is an example of homology convergent evolution sister clades

In order for a population to evolve natural selection must promote mutations to fit organisms DNA all members of the population must have identical genotypes its members must have heritable genetic variation all members of the population must have identical phenotypes

Organisms that possess homologous structures probably O by chance had similar mutations in the past O evolved from the same ancestor are not related Oare headed for extinction have increased genetic diversity

The rise of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA can be considered to be an example of artificial selection because humans purposefully raise MRSA in large fermenters in an attempt to make the bacteria ever more resistant O humans synthesize methicillin and create environments in which bacteria frequently come into contact with methicillin Humans are becoming resistant to bacteria by taking methicillin S aureus is cultivated by humans to replenish the soil with nutrients

The acidification of Earth s oceans is due to the absorption of which chemical O Methane CH4 O Hydrochloric acid HCI O Carbon dioxide CO2 O Oxygen 02

According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells how did chloroplasts originate O from the nuclear envelope folding outward and forming mitochondrial membranes O through secondary endosymbiosis O from infoldings of the plasma membrane coupled with mutations of genes for oxygen using metabolism through primary endosymbiosis by tertiary endosymbiosis

How might the life cycle of Diphyllobothrium latum demonstrate an evolutionary relationship to that of the flukes

Early cell P Pearson Archaea Nucleolus Eukarya Membrane enclosed nucleus Cytosol Endoplasmic Reticulum Bacteria CHA www DNA Eukaryote Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes CH Mitochondrion Chloroplast Mitochondrion Capsule Copyright 2019 Pearson Education Inc All Rights Re Ribosomes MAD Plasma Membrane Prokaryote 474 www Pilis

Select ALL the correct answers Some individuals of a particular species of sea bird underwent a genetic mutation that resulted in larger beaks The larger size of beaks helped these birds to break open clams and other mollusks for food It also helped them defend themselves against predators After many generations almost all of the birds in the population had big beaks For which two reasons did this phenomenon occur natural selection mechanical isolation prezygotic barriers to reproduction high genetic variation in the species

In a large population of sea stars half of the individuals possess the red allele and half possess the purple allele A change in the genome has been introduced and many of those with the purple allele are dying Therefore the red allele has become more frequent over time Which of the following requirements for the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium is not being met A The population must be infinitely large B No immigration can occur C All mating must be totally random OD No mutation can occur

C 35 million years old past O vestigial trait O genetic drift 3 15 million years old transitional feature atavism 2 3 8 million years old TIME The figure above shows the front foot of the modern horse and three related extinct species The oldest species had more toes lived in the forest and was not a fast runner The modern wild horse has only one well developed toe lives in grasslands and is a fast runner The toes are numbered in the image The changes in length and number of toes over time is an example of a n Modern horse present

After a severe draught in the Galapagos islands Darwin observed a change in Daphne beaks depth Which statement about the beak size of finches on the island of Daphne Major during prolonged drought is true Mean bank depth Percentag In each dans 12 9 10 Beak All Daphne hirde 1975 11 depth mm Total number of birds 753 12 13 14 Drought in 1977 12 Mean beak depth 1879 Survivors Total number of birds 00 9 10 Beak depth mm 11 12 13 Each bird evolved a deeper stronger beak as the drought persisted Each bird s survival was strongly influenced by the depth and strength of its beak as the drought persisted The frequency of the strong beak alleles increased in each bird as the drought persisted Each bird that survived the drought produced only offspring with deeper stronger beaks than seen in the previous generation

Mycorrhizae are the small roots in the root systems of trees endosymbiotic bacteria associated with plant roots fungus and tree root mutualistic associations Oparasitic fungal infections of tree roots endosymbiotic fungal cells associated with leaves

antigen presented on MHC Class I or II 2 What are proteostomes

H 2 target cells fakat 51 Cr release no lysis H 2k LCM virus Spleen cells containing T cells H 2 LCM infected target cells MHC Haplotype 51 Cr igure H 25 LCM infected target cells Differen haplotype 451 Cr release 51 Cr release no lysis lysis Shows that CTLs can only kill cells infected with

John Endler hypothesized that female guppies prefer to mate with the most brightly colored males the females themselves do not have a lot of color In pools with lots of guppy predators however males remain fairly drab in color very little color Which of the following experiments would help support his hypothesis about female choice move brightly colored guppies into the pools with predators and see if they survive remove all females in a pool with or without predators and see if the color of the male guppies changes move females from a pool with brightly colored males to the pool with drab males and predators and see if the colors of the males change with time O remove the predators from a pool with drab males and see if the colors of the males change over time place tiny color blocking glasses on all female guppies and see which males they choose note guppies have no external ears so fitting them with glasses is very 16

of the following factors would NOT contribute to allopatric speciation A population becomes geographically isolated from the parent population Different mutations begin to distinguish the gene pools of the separated populations The separated population is small and genetic drift occurs Gene flow between the two populations is extensive The isolated population is exposed to different selection pressures than the ancestral population Question 16 1 point Listen frogs helonging to the same genus occasionally mate but the What is the mechanism for keeping the two frog

Organisms that possess homologous structures probably evolved from the same ancestor by chance had similar mutations in the past have increased genetic diversity are headed for extinction are not related Question 10 1 point Listen Why does female preference for certain males to breed with cause evolutionary onulation honge to compete with the other

the largest versions of the organisms organisms with more genetic diversity organisms with very few mutations organisms that have value to humans the most fit forms of the organisms Question 8 1 point selection is to produce Listen Why are vestigial structures in organisms such as the appendix in humans and reduced hind limb bones in some whales considered evidence for evolution because they show that organisms can change based on need use they demonstrates the law of use and disuse nower of mutations

Vestigial structures in organisms such as the appendix in humans and reduced hind limb bones in some whales considered evidence for evolution because they show that organisms can change based on need Obecause they demonstrates the law of use and disuse because they demonstrate the power of mutations because they represent evolutionary baggage inherited from a prior version of the organism because they are evidence of the development of new structures in organisms Question 9 1 point Listen Organisms that possess homologous structures probably evolved from the same ancestor ilor mutations in the past

How would Darwin explain the fact that even though dogs have been artificially bred into many different looking breeds they can all still interbreed with one another indicating they are all the same species evolution can produce new forms of species but not new species Osignificant mutations must occur for a new species to form one species has to die off before a new one can form Omultiple species cannot form from a single species O the correct conditions and very long periods of time must elapse before new species can form

Listen Eastern and Western meadowlarks birds are two different species but have ranges that slightly over lap The two species look very similar to one another and sing similar songs Which of the following is the likely reason why biologists still consider them two different species individuals of the different species tend to fight one another each species builds a nest at a different height Ono hybrids of the two species have ever been found the two species have different diets any of these is enough to consider them two different species

Bird guides once listed the myrtle warbler and the Audubon s warbler as two distinct species Recently these birds have been re classified as eastern and western forms of a single species the yellow rumped warbler Which of the following pieces of evidence if true might be cause for this reclassification The two forms interbreed often in nature and their offspring have good survival and reproduction The two forms live in similar habitats The two forms have many genes in common The two forms have similar food requirements The two forms are very similar in coloration all of these

Listen Which of the following is the least reliable place to look for evidence of homology among organisms O in the types of proteins produced by the organisms in the patterns of development in the DNA sequences in the outward appearance of organisms in the underlying structural anatomy Oir

What part of the fossil record is considered evidence for evolution by natural selection not all organisms form fossils when they die O the exact age of a fossil can not be determined fossils are only of older extinct organisms not modern day ones fossils have only been found in very few places fossils of many different kinds of organisms were often found together