Evolution Questions and Answers

21 Listen Two plant species live in the same biome but on different continents two species are not at all closely related they may appear quite similar as a result of Oparallel evolution allopatric speciation Omigration convergent evolution Ogene flow

A RrYyCc x RrYyCc R round r wrinkled Y yellow y green C smooth c constricted oth co Considering the P1 above what is the probability of a plant having a round yellow constricted pod a wrinkled green smooth pod OR a wrinkled yellow constricted pod 27 64 B 3 64 C 15 64

04 03 MC Which of the following would a Spartan boy be more likely to do than an Athenian boy Become a citizen O Work as a craftsman O Live in a barrack O Know how to read

Which two conditions increase the chances that a species will be driven to extinction A A low mutation rate B Gradual changes in the environment C A high mutation rate D Drastic changes in the environment

The image shows the geologic time scale from the Hadean eon to the Phanerozoic eon Eons Hadean Archoan Eoms of the Geologic Time Scale Proterozoic Ediacaran period 541 Millions of years ago 4 600 4 000 3 200 2500 1 600 1 000 Phanerozoic 300 2 6 Which two statements are supported by the information in the geologic time scale A The Ediacaran period supported the development of the first animals around 800 million years ago B The Phanerozoic eon experienced rapid diversification of life C Many fossils originated from the Archean era D The Proterozoic era saw little change in species biodiversity

A human arm a horse s foreleg and a bat s wing all have the s arrangement of bones Which term best describes these struc A Analogous B Adaptive OC Vestigial D Homologous

Which sentence describes the endosymbiotic theory A All eukaryotic organelles formed through infolding of the cell membrane B Organelles arose when a temperature change caused protobionts to form around organic compounds C All of the organelles in a eukaryote evolved from a single prokaryote D A prokaryote engulfed another prokaryote and kept its features

Which action might produce biochemical evidence that supports the theory o evolution A Studying DNA sequences from related organisms B Comparing fossils with modern organisms C Analyzing proteins from organisms of different species D Examining structures during an organism s early stages of development

Which statement is true about natural selection A It acts on a population as a whole B It causes allele frequencies in a population to remain the same C It can act on a single individual or a group of individuals D It causes the alleles in an individual to become more favorable

Question 24 of 25 How does fertilization increase genetic variation among family members A It allows crossing over to produce new combinations of alleles on a chromosome B It allows independent assortment to produce new combinations of chromosomes OC It combines gametes from different individuals to produce unique sets of traits D It produces gametes with unique combinations of alleles that can be combined during sexual reproduction SUBMIT

When Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red eyed F generation flies to each other the F2 generation included both red and white eyed flies Remarkably all the white eyed flies were male What was the explanation for this result The gene involved is located on an autosome but only in males The gene involved is located on the X chromosome The gene involved is located on the Y chromosome Other male specific factors influence eye color in flies

Which of the following processes would allow the detection of alternative splicing of transcripts from a given gene Compare the sequences of different mRNAs made from the given gene Compare the sequences of different primary transcripts made from the given gene Measure the relative rates of transcription of the given gene compared to that of a gene known to be constitutively spliced Compare the DNA sequence of the given gene to that of a similar gene in a related organism

22 All Member States are part of the Specialized Agencies of the United Nations Systems True or False False

Ongated snout in R udzungwensis and true shrews are A primates rodents rabbits shrews all other golden elephant mammals relatives relatives tenrecs moles aardvarks shrews manatees hyraxes elephants marsupials 4 4 Homologous trait Phylogenetic Tree based on DNA sequences

8 Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough O It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment O It permits internal fertilization to be replaced by external fertilization It provides insulation to conserve heat OIt has a shell that increases gas exchange OIt prolongs embryonic development

Listen Which of the following is a shared ancestral character for all reptiles amniotic egg radial symmetry cold blooded four chambered heart 76 1 point obrates are asso

4 Listen Which of the following are the only extant existing animals that descended directly from dinosaurs birds crocodiles lizards snakes turtles

Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough OIt allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment It has a shell that increases gas exchange OIt provides insulation to conserve heat OIt permits internal fertilization to be replaced by external fertilization It prolongs embryonic development

Examine the caminalcules carefully referring to the following diagram showing their morphological characters B C D Character Anterior Appendages Eyes Posterior Appendag State 1 Tentacles Firs Present Absent Sucker Anterior Ridge Present Dorsal Ridas Absent Present Posterior i Assent Present State 0 A Le Bum Greidar Triangular tel B Absent 2 C Use the above data matrix you just created to compile the number of synapomorphic traits between each pair of caminalcule species in this table by dragging and dropping the appropriate numbers 0 6 D State 2 D Lass Legs E Arend W 8 Dal Proge OG 0 0 0 O CM A L Eyee s p oppentage O a Ob to complete the data matrix below by dragging either 0 1 or 2 character states Watch the lecture 7 50 of the answer is in there CHARACTER STATE Eyes CHARACTER OG A Anterior Appendages 0000 000000 BCDE Fosterior Appendages 00 Auterio Ridge00 Dorsal Ridge 000000 Potetice R00 Lateral Bump 00000 7 Now you can use these data to cluster your caminalcule species nto a tree that represents their phylogeny based on parsimony Which of the following trees is the most parsimonious tree The parsimony principle is basic to all science and tells us to choose the simplest scientific explanation that fits the evidence In terms of tree building that means that all other things being equal the best hypothesis is the one that requires the fewest evolutionary changes I hope you answered a in the previous question Now let s ma one of the traits eyes onto th most parsimonious tree Drag a drop the traits so that you minimize the steps OG B C D A

Consider the reaction Use the References to access important values if needed for this question N O4 9 2NO 9 Write the equilibrium constant for this reaction in terms of the equilibrium constants K and K for the reactions below Ng g 2O g N O 9 K 1 2 N 9 O g NO 9 K For answers with both a subscript and a superscript enter the subscript first For example enter K 2 if the first equilibrium constant should be squared K

I UNTANGLED THOUGHTS As you learn how to gather information from various sources answer the following questions by carefully observing the pictures below Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper I III byjus com blog concept of species Concept of Species Species are often defined as a group of individuals with similar characteristics where they can interbreed to produce fertile offsprings To differentiate between different types of living organisms species is used as the principal natural cautin biology CONCEPT OF SPECIES Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Homo sapiens Members of the genus Homo with a hightforehead and thin skull bones Homo Hominids with upright posture and large brains Hominids Primates with relatively fat faces and three dimensional vision Primates Mammals with collar bones and grasping fingers Mammals Chordates with fur or hair and milk glands Chordates Animals with a backbone Animals Organisms able to move on their own IV II caurtingkaalaman TVPatrol ABSCBNNews Fernandina Giant Tortoise ang inakalang extinct na species ng tortoise Kaunting Kaalaman THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES AUT EXTINCT TORTOISE BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION PRESENTATION OF FAVOURI BACES IN THE STROOILE FOR LIFE By CHARLES DARWIN MA FELLOL LONDON JOBS MURRAY ALBENARLE STREET V Extinct Animals An Encyclopedia of Species that Have Disappeared during Human History 1 A primary source is anything that gives you direct evidence about the people events or phenomena that you are researching Which of the following is are considered primary source s B III and IV C I and V D IV only A I and II 2 References such as internet articles documentaries posters and encyclopedias that describe interpret evaluate or analyze information from primary sources are what we consider C general sources D tertiary sources A primary sources B secondary sources 3 means putting ideas and findings from multiple sources together in order to make an overall and new idea A Synthesizing B Summarizing C Inferencing D Outlining 4 One of the sources above synthesizes one general idea Which is it A The Concept of a Specie and Its Classifications B The Taxonomy C The Advantage of High Biodiversity D Activities that Community Engage in Conserving Endangered Species 5 Which is true about synthesizing A integrating and retelling multiple details B integrating multiple details from multiple texts to generate bigger thought C integrating multiple details and generating bigger thought D putting ideas from various sources together to produce new idea

In the image below panel A shows the distribution of beak sizes in populations of two finch species that each live on different islands Panel B shows the distribution of beak sizes for populations of the same two species that both live on the same island What nost likely accounts for the greater divergence in beak sizes in sympatric finch species panel B A fuligines 0 40 0 30 0 20 0 10 2 fuliginoss G fortis Los Hermanos fortis Daphine Major 4 3 6 Bill depth mm 7 B G fuliginona 0 40 0 30 0 20 0 10 faliginosa G fortis fortis 2345 6 Bill depth mm Santa Cruz a interspecific competition based on limited resources among the population in panel B b increased strength of genetic drift experienced by populations in panel B C absence of phenotypic variance Vp within each species shown in panel A of

or Salamander w that live in a particular geographic region Over time a geographic barrier forms dividing the salamanders into two populations that split into two species w x Eventually more geographic barriers finally resulting in the formation of 4 separate species of salamanders w x y and z Which one of the phylogenetic trees best describes the relationships between these salamander species assuming that the structure of the phylogeny mirrors the order that geographic barriers form W Time a Tree A Ob Tree B W y A W Z X W wx X y Time W B Z W X y z Z W X C y

The phylogenetic tree at right with the root at the left represents the current best understanding of relationships among the human immunodeficiency viruses HIV that cause AIDS and simian immunodeficiency viruses SIV in other primates HIV includes two major groups of viruses HIV 1 the cause of the AIDS epidemic and HIV 2 each of which includes several groups or subtypes The primate hosts of each viral strain are indicated Which of the following statements is best supported by this phylogeny HIV 1 human HIV 1 human SIV chimpanzee SIV chimpanzee SIV chimpanzee HIV 1 human HIV I human SIV chimpanzee SIV L Hoest s monkey SIV sun tailed monkey SIV mandrill SIV vervet monkey SIV grivet monkey SIV tantalus monkey HIV 2 human HIV 2 human Low SIV sooty mangabey SIV sooty mangabey SIV Sykes s monkey O a HIV 1 in humans was derived at least twice from SIV in chimanzees O b HIV 1 and HIV 2 evolved from one common ancestral virus strain that was acquired by humans from one species of monkey c The HIV viruses are more closely related to each other than to the SIV viruses

You ve been researching a small population of mice that appear to have a Mendelian trait with respect to the color of their fur The dominant allele A1 confers dark fur while the recessive allele A2 results in light fur You round up a very large group of biology students who want extra credit to help you catch genotype and release 1300 mice You have the following genotype chart A1A1 435 A1A2 165 A2A2 700 There are not very many heterozygotes and you suspect that there may be some kind of selection acting against them for some reason The null hypothesis is that there is no selection on this trait and the population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium with respect to fur color Your first step is to find the allele frequencies To the nearest two decimal places what is the allele frequency for the A1 allele

The following question refers to the generalized life cycle for land plants shown in the figure Each number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part and each number over an arrow represents meiosis mitosis or fertilization 2n C binary fission D mitosis 0000 In the figure the process labeled 6 involves OA fertilization OB meiosis e

What alternate form of genes do nucleic acids have that allows them to offer variability allele O codon O nucleotide O chromosome

Which of these events based on plant fossils came last most recently OA extensive growth of gymnosperm forests O B rise and diversification of angiosperms OC carboniferous swamps with giant horsetails and lycophytes OD colonization of land by early liverworts and mosses Question 5 1 point int in a tropical rain forest Investigation of flagellated sperm

hich of the following selection represents selection observed in El Garrapater Selection for one extreme and against the other extreme DE Phenotype Trait of individuals A of individuals Selection against the extreme phenotypes at both ends of trait distribution B of individuals C B O A Population after selection Original population Directional selection Population after selection Phenotype Trait Phenotype Trait Selection for the extremes and against the mean Original population Stabilizing selection Population after selection Original population Disruptive selection

Genes are less restricted the further away they are from each other and are more likely to crossover according to A Watson and Crick B Gregor Mendel C Alfred Sturtevant D Thomas Hunt Morgan

A What is the conclusion if a null hypothesis reads The difference between the expected and observed results is not statistically different and my analysis finds that there is a significant difference The null is accepted and there is no difference B The null is void and the opposite is true C The null is void and there is no difference

A Since the trait shows up primarily in males we can assume that it is probably recessive B V not sex linked C sex linked

A Even with the mechanisms of variation preceding which unites the gametes and produces the zygote there are still 64 trillion possible combinations random fertilization B crossing over C indepen dent assort ment

A is the raw material for natural selection therefore without nothing would evolve variation B weak individuals C clones

Identify the correct statement below in relation to a Humans did not evolve b Humans have evolved and continue to evolve socially but not biologically c Humans evolved until about 5 million years ago but are no longer evolving d Humans have evolved and are evolving

In your simulations you used the presence of observable physical characteristics to support the branching pattern of your trees What other characteristic did you use to support your trees Reproductive rate Size of the DNA molecules Position of DNA nucleotides in DNA sequences Lifespan

Of the 56 species of honecreepers in Hawaii 18 remain many of these 18 are critically endangered Which of the following choices best explains the absence of the 38 other species a They migrated to Asia Ob They went extinct c They evolved camouflage and cannot be located d They evolved to live underground and therefore cannot be located

Sterile techniques are useful to prevent contamination of your bacterial culture True False

Which of the following is NOT true of fossils They provide a evidence that evolutionary change tends to be gradual b examples of transitional species c a complete record of past life on Earth d a physical proof of extinction and speciation

The goal of O a to summarize the fossil record b to explain how all species are related to each other c to be a library of all life that has ever lived d to describe how natural selection works

When a catastrophe causes the genetic diversity of a population to change it is known as A the Bottleneck Effect C Sexual Selection B Natural Selection D a Small Population Effect

If the frequency of the black allele B allele for the moth coloration gene in the newly founded island population of moths in your GENETIC DRIFT Lab simulation was 78 what was the frequency of the white allele b allele in that same population at the same time 19 5 22 39 78 4 Impossible to determine from the limited information given

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mony to constructing a phylogenetic tree choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes either in DNA sequences or morphology choose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally probable base phylogenetic trees only on the fossil record as this provides the simplest explanation for evolution

The common ancestor of all the species displayed in a phylogenetic tree lies at the it could be any of the above root of the tree node of the tree tip of the tree

Natural selection can lead to speciation because the evolutionary changes that two populations acquire while adapting to different habitats may have the effect of making them reproductively isolated Oby causing small populations to diverge more than large populations by favoring the same evolutionary change in multiple populations by favoring intermediate phenotypes

Certain fish in the Antarctic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean that are not closely related to each other have each evolved natural antifreeze molecules as adaptations to living in the frigid waters This is an example of homology convergent evolution sister clades

In order for a population to evolve natural selection must promote mutations to fit organisms DNA all members of the population must have identical genotypes its members must have heritable genetic variation all members of the population must have identical phenotypes

Organisms that possess homologous structures probably O by chance had similar mutations in the past O evolved from the same ancestor are not related Oare headed for extinction have increased genetic diversity

The rise of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA can be considered to be an example of artificial selection because humans purposefully raise MRSA in large fermenters in an attempt to make the bacteria ever more resistant O humans synthesize methicillin and create environments in which bacteria frequently come into contact with methicillin Humans are becoming resistant to bacteria by taking methicillin S aureus is cultivated by humans to replenish the soil with nutrients