Human Physiology - Digestion Questions and Answers

Salivary amylase digests starches protein maltose monosaccharides glucose

absorption of fats differs from that of carbohydrates in that the wser Webcam fat absorption occurs in the stomach whereas carbohydrates are absorbed from the small intestine fats but not carbohydrates are digested by bacteria before absorption processing of fats does not require any digestive enzymes whereas the processing of carbohydrates does carbohydrates need to be emulsified before they can be digested whereas fats do not most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood

When the digestion and absorption of organic molecules results in more energy rich molecules than are immediately required by an animal the excess is eliminated in the feces oxidized and converted to ATP stored as starch in the liver stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles hydrolyzed and converted to ADP

ter surgical removal of an infected gallbladder a person must be especially careful to restrict dietary intake of fat sugar water protein starch

Certain nutrients are considered essential in the diets of some animals because the nutrients are subunits of important polymers only those animals use those nutrients the nutrients are necessary coenzymes these animals are not able to synthesize these nutrients only certain foods contain them

vantage of a complete tube digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system allows specialized functions in specialized regions allows extensive branching excludes the need for extracellular digestion allows digestive enzymes to be more specific O facilitates intracellular digestion Question 23 1 point

ain how the small intestine has such a large internal surface area even though t takes up only a relatively small portion of the body cavity Why is surface are important for this organ

Which of the following digestive structures are NOT part of the digestive tube alimentary canal through which food moves Select all that apply esophagus trachea Oliver small intestine gall bladder Question 26 3 points

O stive secretions with a pH of 2 are characteristic of the pancreas Ostomach small intestine liver mouth Question 22 1 point Listen

ws show materials flowing into one structure where these fut Why the name of the structure gall bladder stomach Oliver Oduodenum

Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that Ois denatured and rendered inactive in solutions with low pH Ois manufactured by the pancreas Obegins the hydrolysis of proteins in the stomach helps stabilize fat water emulsions Osplits maltose into monosaccharides Question 19 1 point Listen T

5 Invertebrates are defined as animals that lack O a head an exoskeleton an endoskeleton a backbone

Question 8 1 point 4 Listen Chlorophyll gains energy from the sun by what mechanism Water molecules within chlorophyll gain potential energy from photons ATP molecules within chlorophyll directly absorb photons Electrons within chlorophyll turn into protons when they are struck by photons ADP molecules absorb photons increasing their potential energy Electrons within chlorophyll molecules become excited and gain energy as photons are absorbed

Where is this type of tissue found located 3 5 2 Kidney tubules ducts and secretory portions of small glands Trachea upper respiratory tract Largest ducts of sweat glands mammary glands O Under epithelia Moist linings of the esophagus mouth and vagina Kidney glomeruli air sacs of the lungs Small amounts in male urethra Lines the ureters urinary bladder O Most of the digestive tract gallbladder O Palms of hands sole of feet 1 6 4

This open area is the O Oral cavity Nasal cavity O Oropharynx O Laryngopharynx

Atom 0 1 nm Protein Lipids 1 nm 10 nm Flu virus HD 100 nm Mitochondria Electron microscope 1 m 1331 Light microscope Electron microscope 10 m Human egg Relative sizes on a logarithmic scale 100 m Naked eye Electron microscope Frog egg 1 1 mm Chicken egg 10 mm Light microscope Ostrich egg 100 mm Adult female 1m

Given that all vertebrate animals are thought to share a single common ancestor we can expect their endoskeletons to show similarities in anatomy but not necessarily in function few similarities in anatomy or function a gradual reduction number of bones in the skeletons great similarity in function but not necessarily in anatomy

Select correct subphylum class of Chordata Urochordata Cephalochordata Vertebrata Class Crocodilia Vertebrata Class Agnatha Vertebrata Class Aves Vertebrata Class Mammalia Vertebrata Class Chondrichthyes Vertebrata Class Amphibia Vertebrata Class Osteichthyes Vertebrata Class Testudines Select correct subphylum class of Chordata Select correct subphylum class of Chordata Select correct subphylum class of Chordata Select correct subphylum class of Chordata Select correct subphylum class of Chordata

The translocation step of translation involves rRNA sliding down mRNA within a that reads one codon at a time A special reading frame C spliceosome B time dependent window D poly A tail

The bonding properties of atoms are such that unfilled valence shells bloody stumps are unstable which supports A biotic genesis C phosphorus earth s crust B abiotic genesis D atomic and cellular theories

If a substance has a pH of 6 it is O acidic O basic O has equal concentrations of H and OH ions O none of the above

Use the following anatomical terminology to describe how the following organs relate anatomically to two other organs Medial lateral proximal distal superficial deep anterior posterior dorsal ventral superior inferior 1 The stomach is 2 The heart is 3 The diaphragm is 4 The kidneys are to the to the to the to the and and and and to the to the to the to the Use the most accurate anatomical term to describe the relationship between these body regions

Extra Credit 1 point will be graded manually The new U S government source to help with the population s diet and nutrition is known as the nutritional square the nutritional line

Select the best answer for the question 1 Which of the following tools would be most efficient for drilling a 7 3 4 inch diameter hole in 4 inch thick steel reinforced concrete O A Rotary hammer drill OB Spud bar O C Diamond core drill D Hole saw O Mark for review Will be highlighted on the review page

In Darwin s time pigeon breeders had created many kinds of fancy pigeons that had altered body shapes extra long fathers or unique coloring that was different from the ancestral wild form Why was Darwin interested in this practice because it showed that pigeons were adapting to their environments because it showed that it is possible to create new species through selective breeding because it showed that people have a lot of control over animal species because it showed that the most fit pigeons survived because it showed that the pigeon form was not fixed and could be changed

All mucous membranes secrete mucus O True False

The epithelial cells lining the digestive track have what type of junction between them to prevent digestive enzymes from penetrating deeper into the tissue or bloodstream desmosomes tight junctions gap junctions

2 The four primary symptom clusters of substance use disorders in the DSM 5TM are impaired control risky use pharmacological criteria and which of the below Legal problems Social impairment Tolerance Hyperarousal

Question 79 1 point Olestra is a type of synthetic fat that passes through the digestive tract withou being absorbed Which one of the following health issues could result from consuming large amounts of Olestra Relief from abdominal cramping Increased episodes of constipation Build up of water soluble vitamins in the body Deficiency in fat soluble vitamins Risk of liver failure due to vitamin A poisoning

What do we learn about Thompson the expressman in this dialogue from The Invalid s Story Sec 9 He s pretty ripe ain t he A We learn that Thompson speaks English with a heavy German accent B We learn that Thompson speaks with very proper English C We learn Thompson speaks a dialect that is based on informal English ain t pretty ripe The Invalid s Story 14 Mauls Tire

Match the life cycle stage to the correct term A C B Meiosis o Mosquito Oocyst Fertilization A D f Copyright Pearson Education Inc publishing as Benjamin Cummings E Red blood cells Liver Human Choose Choose B Liver cell

Use a flowchart or a diagram to describe how food you eat becomes nutrients for all of your cells to use Include the following terms in your answer Terminology Mouth Mechanical digestion Chemical digestion Bolus Amylase Esophagus Epiglottis Stomach Peristalsis Chyme Esophageal sphincter Pyloric sphincter Small intestine duodenum jejunum ileum Checkmark

The location where most digestion and absorption occurs is the stomach large intestine small intestine liver

An indigestible carbohydrate is fats maltose cholesterol ostarch e cellulose

An organ that is considered no longer used is sometimes labeled vestigial What is an example of a vestiglal organ in humans appendix gall bladder stomach phanmy

LIVER If you were to trace a drop of blood from the stomach to the heart you would follow this route Stomach gastric veins hepatic portal vein liver inferior vena cava heart Superior mesenteric vein Inferior mesenteric vein O Hepatic veins O Abdominal aorta STOMACH

2 In order to digest food the human body requires OA enzyme catalysts to speed up reactions OB physical reactions in the stomach lining OC high activity to burn off energy OD sleep to perform the necessary break down of molecules in food

Gastroparesis is a condition that causes a partial paralysis of the stomach The stomach has reduced ability to contract to move food through the digestive system Some common symptoms of gastroparesis are abdominal pain nausea and feeling full after eating a small amount of food What would be the most likely cause of this condition OA O B damage to nerves that control the stomach lack of enzymes in the small intestine OC lack of pancreatic juices and bile OD damage to the mucus lining of the stomach

Ms B is a non drinker but has had several episodes of temporary upper left quadrant pain after eating fatty meals The last episode didn t go away Her pain has gotten worse all night She s doubled up and leaning forward pale and sweating Her BP is low and HR high What is the most likely cause for her signs O a SN activation caused by the pain O b Malabsorbtion caused by pancreatic enzyme deficiency c Insulin deficiency

Rate of flow of saliva In the production of saliva the acinar cells actively transport ions from the blood plasma into the ducts of the salivary gland resulting in water being drawn into the ducts by osmosis As this saliva moves down the duct some ions are re absorbed but the amount that can be re absorbed depends on the rate of flow of saliva 50 7 0 6 0 50 3 0 10 100 Concentral Your answer 50 150 L HOO K 200 HCO 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Graph A below shows how the composition of saliva varies depending on the rate of flow of saliva Graph B shows the composition of blood plasma Concentration mmol L a Outline the relationship between the concentration of Cl in saliva and 2 points the rate of flow of saliva b If the rate of flow of saliva is 2 0 mL min identify the concentration of point

D 1 This is a true choose your answer Trypsinogen C Chymotrypsin E B statement D is not able to break down proteins amino acids 2 A E are all zymogens except for 3 A is trypsin 4 E is enterokinase

A major property of all fermented foods is that they O Become drier O Are sweeter O Are saltier

Question 11 Which of the following examples is an example of epistasis epistatic effects O Individuals who have a heritable form of diabetes caused by a dominant allele vary significantly in their degree of sickness disease effects because those who eat much healthier and exercise regularly have better health and longer life than those who do not eat well or exercise regularly O Many long neck promoting and growth promoting alleles accumulate in a population of animals such as the ancestors of giraffes and over time the higher frequency of all these alles several genes results in a population of long necked individuals The recessive cystic fibrosis allele is removed from a population every time an individual which is homozygous for the disease allele does not reproduce In Himalayan Snow Leopards the production of Melanine is dictated by the expression of a single gene

Identify the incorrect statement o the esophagus carries air to and from the lungs the alveoll are where gas exchange occurs in the lungs in the nasal passageway is considered part of the respiratory tract o the alveoli are surrounded by capillaries Previs

Different tissues come together to form organs 2 Structures in the digestive system such as the esophagus stomach and intestines are lined with tissue that binds it to through the digestive system tissue On the other side of this tissue is tissue which contracts and relaxes in order to move food

The stomach secretes one of the strongest acids known hydrochloric acid HCI a What is the role of HCI in gastrointestinal tract function b Why is the wall of the stomach not digested by this strong acid c Why is the small intestine SI not damaged by HCl as acid enters the SI from the stomach

The GI tract or digestive system consists of the tract plus the accessory organs of digestion Digestion involves the until they can be tract also called the and of food into smaller and smaller components into the body 6 steps of the digestive system ingestion propulsion digestion chemical digestion mechanical absorption defecation

Human digestion Click Reset and Clear screen Introduction Now that you have explored a model of human digestion it is time to apply what you have learned to the real human digestive system Goal Describe the human digestive system 1 Label Label Based on what you have learned identify the organs of the human digestive system 45 2 Think and discuss Why is it important that the mouth and stomach are near the start of the digestive system

Absorption Click Reset and Clear screen ntroduction Digesting nutrients into simple carbohydrates amino acids and fatty acids is important but it doesn t matter unless the nutrients get into the bloodstream to feed body cells This process is called absorption Question How are nutrients absorbed 1 Observe Look through the descriptions of the large and small organs A Which of the large organs allow nutrients and water to pass through their walls B Which of the small organs transport absorbed nutrients to the bloodstream 2 Set up the Gizmo Create the digestive system shown The small intestine has three parts the duodenum attached to the stomach the jejunum the middle portion and the ilium attached to the large intestine Drag the Pecan pie to the mouth Test each of the scenarios below For each setup record the nutrients that are absorbed by the system Be sure to look at the Absorbed row of the Analysis table Scenario Capillaries attached to the small intestine segments only Capillaries attached to the large intestine only Lymphatic vessels attached to the small intestine segments only no capillaries Current Absorbe Lymphatic vessels attached to the large intestine only no capillaries Sugars Amino Fatty acids acids Water

21 In 1918 19 a n case of influenza A virus strain H1N1 killed millions of people worldwide a endemic b epidemic c outbreak pandemic e sporadic causes host actin polymerization that propels the bacterial cells through epithelial cells 22 of the intestine a Staphylococcus aureus b Mycobacterium tuberculosis c Streptococcus pyogenes Shigella dysenteriae e Escherichia coli 23 allows for resistance against drugs such as penicillin a Lysozyme b Catalase B lactamase d C5A peptidase e Peroxidase