Human Physiology - Digestion Questions and Answers

Binge-eating disorder is an extremely rare type of bulimia nervosa is diagnosed when a person binges and then purges by using laxatives or self-induced vomiting cannot be diagnosed if a person is overweight involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate "compensatory" behavior to limit weight gain

How are water-soluble vitamins initially circulated in the body? Transported via the blood to the pancreas Transported from the pancreas to the blood Transported from the small intestine to the blood Transported via the blood to the liver

A student set up four test tubes containing starch solution in which to perform starch digestion. Supplies included amylase (enzyme that digests starch) and an incubator. In which tube listed would starch digestion proceed most quickly? Tube 1: No amylase, room temperature (25°C) Tube 2: No amylase, body temperature (37°C) Tube 3: Amylase present, room temperature (25°C) Tube 4: Amylase present, body temperature (37°C)

Where do the pancreas and gall bladder have their openings into the small intestine? Intestinal crypt Major duodenal papilla Gastrointestinal sphincter Pyloric sphincter

What blood test results will support a diagnosis of pancreatitis? a. Elevated liver enzymes b. Absence of pancreatic enzymes c. Elevated pancreatic lipase d. Decreased blood glucose

Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down lipids in the digestive system of humans. It functions best at a pH range of 4.0 to 5.0. When a person takes an antacid tablet to relieve heartburn, the antacid increases the pH to around 7 in certain areas of the digestive system. Which initial effect would most likely be caused by a change in pH?

During the process of eating, chewing breaks down food using enzymes in our stomach break down food using. energy. Chemical; Sound Light; Chemical Mechanical ; Chemical Kinetic; Potential energy, while

Identify which characteristics best describe the small and large intestines of humans. short and wide Small intestine / Large intestine short and wide processes waste for defecation narrow and long digests food absorbs water from undigestable waste contains enzymes that digest food

Match each function with the appropriate gastric cell type. Mucous neck cells Parietal cells Chief cells Enteroendocrine cells secrete pepsinogen secrete gastrin secrete hydrochloric acid protect against acid erosion

When GLP-1 is secreted in your body, what is the likely effect afterwards? Feeling full after a meal Excess glucose accumulation in your plasma Increase in your plasma glucagon levels Inhibition of your insulin function

Organisms utilize a diversity of methods to obtain proper nutrition. (a) Some organisms digest food intracellularly, while others digest food extracellularly. • Identify ONE nonvertebrate organism that digests food intracellularly and describe the process. • Identify ONE nonvertebrate organism that digests food extracellularly and describe the process. (b) Describe TWO structural features of the human stomach and/or small intestine. For each, explain how the structure relates to the function. (c) Plants have a variety of mechanisms for obtaining nutrients. Describe TWO plant structures and explain how each structure is utilized in nutrient uptake.

A person with ___ can suffer from a stomach pain caused by the digestion of food that is not properly broken down by gastric acid. achorhydria Odyspepsia gastritis gastroptosis

Sally has been taking antibiotics for several weeks to help her fight an infection. Antibiotics are known to disrupt the gut flora since they work by killing bacteria. How would Sally's digestive function most likely be affected by the antibiotics? A. Sally's digestive function will not change because gut flora do not affect digestion. B. Foods will not be able to be digested at all and will remain in the stomach. C. Certain vitamins might not be synthesized and foods might not break down as well. D. Sally's stomach may become bloated due to an inability to break down lactose.

What ironical situation is shown in sections 32 - 34 ? A. The "wiser and better" person tells a lie, and the one "in disgrace" catches her in it. B. The aunt truly was evil by not giving the children jam. C. Nicholas told his aunt that he knew about the jam she was hiding.

What do we learn about Thompson, the expressman, in this dialogue from "The Invalid's Story"? Sec. 9: "He's pretty ripe, ain't he!" A. We learn that Thompson speaks English with a heavy German accent. B. We learn that Thompson speaks with very proper English. C. We learn Thompson speaks a dialect that is based on informal English -- "ain't," "pretty ripe."

What is the correct order of the digestive system? Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectum Mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestines, small intestines, rectum Mouth, esophagus, stomach, rectum, small intestines, large intestines Mouth, trachea, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectum

Completion Complete each statement. A is an area where there is a measurable difference between two concentrations. Refer to the illustration above. The process shown in figure X is called

The list below shows some processes that take place during and after digestion in the human body. Each numbered process takes place in a different organ of the digestive system. 1. Food is transported to another organ. 2. Wastes are eliminated from the body. 3. Food is mechanically broken down into smaller parts; some foods are also broken down chemically. 4. Macromolecules are chemically broken down into simpler molecules. 5. Simple molecules are absorbed into the circulatory system. Which of the following shows the order of the processes that take place after food enters the mouth? A. 1-2-3-4-5 B. 3-1-4-5-2 C. 4-3-2-1-5 D. 3-5-1-4-2

An elevation of homocysteine and a decrease in cysteine would most likely be present due to which of the following deficiencies? A) Loss of function of cystathionine-B synthase B) Cobalamin deficiency C) Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency D) Loss of function of methionine synthase

Mr. Smith has elevated cholesterol levels. He has heard that increasing the fiber in his diet may help control his cholesterol levels. Fiber lowers serum cholesterol levels by: A) Increasing bile acid excretion. B) Inhibiting lipoprotein synthesis. C) Inhibiting pancreatic lipase. D) Decreasing bile acid synthesis.

Which of the following specializations to the digestive system is something that pigeons have as well? A relatively short intestine and sharp teeth that help pierce, tear, and shred food An expandable crop for storing food and a muscular gizzard to grind up tough food; the gizzard also often has small rocks and stones to help grind up the food A complex stomach with multiple chambers; some of these chambers have symbiotic microbes that help digest tough food through fermentation

What is the advantage of peristalsis? A Food reaches your stomach even when you are lying down. B Your digestive system absorbs more food following peristalsis. C Your large intestine absorbs more water from your food. D Food does not require bile to be digested.

Which of the following accessory organs is responsible for making trypsin to digest proteins and insulin to help regulate glucose levels in the body? A gallbladder B appendix C saliva glands D pancreas

How would bowel function change if the small intestine lacked villi? A Food would move through the digestive system more rapidly. B The bowel would absorb fewer nutrients. C The liver would produce bile less efficiently. D Food would flow backward into the esophagus.

Cp Fe = 0.4494 J/g °C. How much heat is transferred when a 24.7 kg Fe ingot is cooled from 880 °C to 13°C ? Show your work and answer. Hint: Convert first kg to grams. write if exothermic or endothermic. Show your work.

One of the important concepts in the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients is surface area. Surface area is increased in the oral cavity, in the stomach and in the small intestine. Explain what happens and what structures are in each of these areas that help increase the surface area allowing digestion and absorption to occur. Please answer in complete sentences.

How does binding of a ligand (such as epinephrine) activate a G protein coupled receptor? The ligand binds to the alpha subunit of the G protein and induces release of GDP. The ligand phosphorylates the G-protein coupled receptor. Ligand binding causes dimerization of G protein coupled receptors. Ligand binding induces a conformation change in the cytosolic domain of the receptor.

Which of the following digestive processes requires enzymes? chemical digestion peristalsis ingestion elimination mechanical digestion

After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a person must be especially careful to restrict dietary intake of sugar. starch. fat. protein. water.

Digestive secretions with a pH of 2 are characteristic of the pancreas. mouth. small intestine. stomach. liver.

Which of the following is not a major activity of the stomach? mechanical digestion mucus secretion nutrient absorption HCI secretion enzyme secretion

Ingested dietary substances must cross cell membranes to be used by the body, a process known as hydrolysis. ingestion. elimination. digestion. absorption.

An enzyme with high activity in an acidic environment would be pepsin sucrase amylase trypsin gatrin

Which of the following secretions involved in digestion would be most likely released initially as inactive precursors? protein-digesting enzymes carbohydrate-digesting enzymes acid-neutralizing bicarbonate fat-solubilizing bile salts hormones such as gastrin

Without functioning parietal cells, an individual would not be able to start protein digestion in the stomach. not be able to initiate mechanical digestion in the stomach. only be able to digest fat in the stomach. not be able to produce pepsinogen. not be able to initiate digestion in the small intestine.

The cells of the stomach that secrete a protein digesting enzyme are . the chief cells of the stomach. the parietal cells of the stomach. the enteroendocrine cells of the stomach found in the lumen of the stomach.

Linda has heard that the acidic environment of the stomach is similar to that of a car battery. If the stomach is so acidic, why doesn't the acid eat away at the stomach lining and cause holes in the stomach? The stomach is lined with a thick layer of mucus. The pancreas produces bicarbonate, which neutralizes the acid in the stomach. The stomach produces bacteria that denature the acid in the stomach. The stomach contracts during peristalsis, which pushes the acid out of the stomach.

The pancreas can be found in what cavity (ies) or region(s) listed below. Select ALL that apply. cranial pleural mediastinal abdominal abdominopelvic pericardial vertebral

To chill beverages quickly, mix ice and salt and put the cans/bottles in the iced saltwater. The iced saltwater becomes very cold! Is this reaction: NaCl → Na+ + Cl Endothermic? Or Exothermic? How do you know?

Sean is a college senior who has a family history of digestive disorders, including heartburn and ulcers. Throughout his college career, Sean experienced symptoms related to these disorders but has not been medically treated for any digestive disorder. Today is Sean's 22nd birthday, and his friends have decided to take him out for a few drinks. At the restaurant, Sean and his friends are surprised when the waitress brings them a large mint chocolate brownie with creamy mint frosting to celebrate Sean's birthday. They all enjoy the dessert and drinks, especially Sean, who ends up eating the majority of the brownie and drinks three alcoholic beverages. A few hours later, Sean is feeling bloated, has abdominal cramps, and experiences diarrhea. He is also experiencing a burning sensation in his chest. A couple of weeks later, Sean visits a doctor and the doctor discovers that he has a stomach ulcer. What would be the most likely treatment for the ulcer? a beverage that contains electrolytes relaxation exercises adding soluble fibers to his diet increased physical activity antibiotics

Heterodont dentition meant dinosaurs could take bigger bites. enables mammals to eat a wide variety of foods. is better for biting flesh but not chewing vegetables. is easier to dig up than homodont dentition.

Consider the following article: Revisit gut microbiota and its impact on human health and disease. Ding, R-X., Goh, W-R., Wu, R-N., Yue, X., Luo, X., Thwe Khine, W. W.,... Lee, Y-K. (2019), Revisit gut microbiota and its impact on human health and disease. Journal of Food & Drug Analysis, 27(3), 623-631. I Our gut microbiome has been shown to be a key modulator of human health. The organisms that are part of our normal gut microflora have been proven to be involved in many aspects of our overall health. There are more microbes in and on us than we have human cells. Not only bacteria, but fungi, viruses and other microbes are present in and on the human body. For your initial discussion post, research one of the major human diseases, longevity or infant health that have been shown to be impacted by our gut microbiota and tell us your beliefs on the accuracy of the claims. How can we best utilize this knowledge in our own lives? Can we help those we love with their health issues by helping to modify their gut microbiota?

People who suffer from Celiac Disorder have microvilli which have been destroyed. What type of problems will people with Celiac Disorder encounter due to the lack of microvilli lining their intestines?

Hepatic portal vein conducts the blood..... from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver. from the liver to the heart. from the gastrointestinal tract to the heart. from the heart to the gastrointestinal tract. from the liver to the gastrointestinal tract.

Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. Because vitamins carry out various functions in the body, deficiency of different vitamins can have varied effects on the body. The primary role of vitamin D in the body is..., and its deficiency may result in ...

Suppose that enzyme X catalyzes a reaction that involves the breakdown of a molecule. The product of this reaction is an amino acid. What molecule is the enzyme breaking down? A. a mineral B. a lipid C. a protein D. a carbohydrate

If the mixture water and oil = were in your intestines, would it be easier for lipase to digest the oil when it was in one big, separate layer, or when it was broken up? Explain why, using the word surface area. (Complete sentences)

Although not mentioned until Trichinella spiralis, all parasites we have discussed this semester have had sylvatic and/or domestic life cycles. Tell me which term(s) best suit(s) life cycles for Enterobius vermicularis, Wuchereria bancrofti, and Drucunculus medinensis. Provide WHY you think this as well. I'll provide an example answer expectation using 1. spiralis. 1. spiralis - Domestic, can be maintained in domestic pigs and mice hosts; Sylvatic, can be maintained in wild pigs, bears

Structure and Function of Living Systems:Question 3 Which of the following is a function of some of the specialized cells in the stomach? Reabsorb water to maintain the internal balance of the system. Secrete hydrochloric acid to aid in the breakdown of food. Transmit signals to instruct the organ to begin churning. Absorb proteins that have been released through digestion.