Molecular Basis of Inheritance Questions and Answers

In the famous Hershey and Chase experiment 32p was in the pellet after centrifugation What were they able to conclude from this result This means that the pellet contains the DNA and therefore DNA contains the code for virus production This means that the pellet contains the protein therefore protein does NOT contain the code for virus production This means that the pellet contains the DNA therefore DNA does NOT contain the code for virus production This means that the pellet contains the protein and therefore protein contains the code for virus production

What does the term phenotype mean Select one The detectable physical and physiological traits of an individual organism Ob The complete sequence of DNA in all of an individual s chromosomes O c All the alleles of every gene present in a given individual Od A section of DNA that encodes information for building one or more related polypeptides a

Answer Bank this structure needs a protonated cytosine for stability and thus is most stable at low pH I four stranded right handed helix formed by a DNA segment containing a high proportion of guanine residues a polynucleotide strand that forms Hoogsteen pairs with functional groups in the major groove of a homopurine homopyrimidine duplex a structure that may be formed from a single DNA strand with the sequence ATATG CATAT

6 BamHI and HindIII cuts plasmid pAPBIO2022 in two locations Using this information construct a restriction map of pAPBIO2022 Enzymes BamHI HindIII BamHI HindIII Digestion Fragment Size kbp 30 kb 70 kb 50 kb 50 kb 10 kb 20 kb 30 kb 40 kb

Bacteria and other microbes can be used to clean up an oil spill by breaking down oil into carbon dioxide and water Two samples isolated from the Deepwater Horizon leak in the Gulf of Mexico were labeled A and B The DNA of each was isolated and the percent thymine measured in each sample Sample A contains 20 9 thymine and sample B contains 28 5 thymine Assume the organisms contain normal double stranded DNA and predict the composition of the other bases percent adenine in sample A percent guanine in sample A percent cytosine in sample A 40 Incorrect 19 8 Incorrect 59 3 Incorrect A G C

How many hydrogen bonds exist between this DNA strand and its complementary strand 5 GGGAGCC 3 21

5 3 List what each of the following symbols stands for in human pedigree 5pts a b C d O dado 6 60001 00 of

D release factors amino acids O ribosomes codons O initiation factors Question 3 Which of the following is true A amino acids must be attached to the 3 hydroxyl group of ribose B the genetic code is established by attachment of amino acids to particular tRNAs C peptide bond formation is thermodynamically unfavorable ALL OF THESE OB O NONE OF THESE OB and C OA OC O A and B O A and C

D O L shape O ALL OF THESE O NONE OF THESE O cloverleaf O twisted triple helix Question 9 Which of the following features are NOT common to all tRNA molecules O Each is a single chain with between 73 and 93 ribonucleotides O All but 3 of the nucleotides are base paired O ALL OF THESE O They usually have a pG at the 5 terminus O They contain many unusual bases Question 10 rRNAs tRNAs contain the highest percentage of modified bases

6 In starfish pink body color P is dominant to orange p and thick eyebrows T are dominant over thin t ones Patrick who is heterozygous for body color but purebred for thick eyebrows has met Patti who is recessive for both traits A What is Patti s phenotype B Is it possible for the new couple to have offspring that resemble their mother Explain C Before Patrick commits to this relationship he would like to guarantee that his offspring would have his thick eyebrows as he thinks they make him smarter You need to provide evidence for or against the marriage with regards to eyebrows ONLY 7 While Squidward s family boasts about being a purebred line for dominant light blue skin color they are also purebred for a less distinguished trait the recessive trait of baldness Lack of hair does not want his children to face He would like to ensure that his offspring have causes Squidward some self esteem issues that he hair AND with his blue skin color What traits should he look for in a bride A Must she have hair Explain B Must she be blue Explain C Squidward has found a potential bride prospect with the green squid Octavia While Octavia has does not Determine the chances of their child being blue and having hair Squidward s Genotype Octavia s Genotype D Use the genotypes in above to complete the Punnett square below and then answer the questions E Answer these questions based on your Punnett square Squidward Traits Skin Color Blue B Green b Hair Hair H Bald h For which traits if any is it possible for their offspring to be purebred What is the probability of their children being heterozygous for both traits hair her father

Two true breeding pea plants are crossed one has purple flowers and green seeds and the other has white flowers and yellow seeds The F1 progeny are selfed to get F2 plants Purple flowers and yellow seeds are dominant What is the probability that the first three F2 plants all have purple flowers and yellow seeds 4 pts

Which of the following merodiploids would be constitutive for lacZ expression in the absence of lactose lacl laco lacz lacl laco lacz lacl laco lacz lacl laco lacz Olacl lacoc lacz lacl lacO lacz Olacls laco lacz lacl laco lacz

10 Why do offspring want more parental care than parents are willing to provide What is this conflict called

P1 P wild type x sepia eye se If the F1 result is 15 wild type females and 10 wild type males what inference can be made about which trait is dominant sepia eye because the trait is still present but not visible B sepia eye because the mutant is usually dominant C wild type with no other trait expressed

01 22 dj 14 Which type of cells in our body would have a high mutation rate and why Lab 10

Pre orRNA processed into mature crRNA Phage infects the bacterial cell with its DNA Phage DNA incorporated as a new spacer into CRISPR crRNA Cas machinery cuts complementary target DNA of invading phage Mature crRNA forms complex with Cas nuclease Transcription of CRISPR locus yielding pre crRNA crRNA BIOGENESIS SPACER ACQUISITION INTERFERENCE Group 1 Group 1 10 O Group 1 Group 1 Group 1 Group 1 1 1 Group 2 Group 2 Group 2

Morgan referred to males as hemizygous because the carry the genes A autosomes C females B X chromosome doesn t D Y chromosome doesn t

You may need more than one Punnett square to answer the question You will provide completed Punnett square s and your answers to the questions You will receive 1 point for the correct Punnett square s and 1 point for the correct answers to the questions You must upload your assignment submission in a doc or docx file or text entry to receive credit Do not work with a partner or in a group because this is an independent assignment 1 Widow s peak is dominant over a straight hairline What are the chances a homozygous dominant man and a woman will have children with a straight hairline

In the lab you use a special balloon that is permeable to water but not sucrose to make an artificial cell The balloon is filled with a solution of 20 sucrose and 80 water and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40 sucrose and 60 water Which of the following will occur Sucrose will enter the balloon Sucrose will leave the balloon O Water will enter the balloon Water will leave the balloon

Nearly all human trai mathematics and mo ways to calculate the square This is a simp in children given the genotypes occurring

early all human traits even many diseas athematics and modeling these inherita ays to calculate the mathematical proba uare This is a simple way of discoverin ccur in children given the genotypes of enotypes occurring From there

Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction OA The rate of reproduction is slower OB Offspring are genetically different from their parents OC There is a higher chance of genetic mutation OD Many more offspring can be produced

2 How does chromatin remodelling regulate gene transcription

Chromatin remodelling regulate gene transcription 3 How are non coding regions of a gene involved in its transcription

In protein translation one three two four mRNA nucleotide s correspond to one amino acid in the polypeptide sequence

The initiator tRNA interacts with the signal sequence Shine Dalgarno sequence anticodon start codon AUG or rarely GUG which always codes for methionine

customized If a mutation occurs in which a purine is replaced by another purine it is referred to as a DNA STI TURE AND FU transition substitution transversion substitution mismatch repair nucleotide excision repair

What is replicated during the synthesis phase of the cell cycle O ATP DNA O daughter cells O messenger RNA

Directions Select the correct entries in the table The nucleotide sequences of four species are shown in the table below Select the nucleotide sequences of the two species that are most closely related Species A B C D Nucleotide sequence of gene ABX TAC ATA CGC GGG ACC TIT AGT GGG GCC CCC ACT TAC ATA CCC CCG ACC TAT CGC GGG GCG CCC ACT TAC ATA CCC CCG ACC TTT CGC GGG GCG CCC ACT TAC ATA CGG GGG AAA TTT CGC TIT GCG CGC ACT

GGCG is a nonessential eukaryotic promoter sequence that binds cellular factors to increase the efficiency of transcription anc GENES AND PROTEINS cust O FACT O CAAT box O holoenzyme O GC rich box 337 QUESTION QUESTION POINTS TRIES Cher

Watch The Gene An Intimate History Part 2 This is the second part of the documentary you watched a few weeks ago This continues the story of the history of our understanding of DNA Watch the film Write notes throughout the film that describe the main points of the film Make sure to give specific examples that show you watched and understood the main points of the film Use only your own words Use this link to watch the film at PCC library The Gene An Intimate History Enjoy this is a special body of work the book is amazing

A child has type O blood Which of the following couples could be the child s parents Couple Mother s Type Father s Type 1 2 3 O A couple 1 or 2 only OB couple 1 2 3 or 4 OC couple 2 3 or 4 only OD couple 3 or 4 only 4 A O AB B B A O AB

Directions Drag the correct tile to the empty space in the Punnett square The Punnett square below represents a dihybrid cross of two rose bushes In this species red petals R are dominant to pink petals r and tall bushes T are dominant to short bushes t Complete the dihybrid cross by dragging the tile with the correct genotype to the empty box in the Punnett square RrTT rrTT RRtt RT Rt RrTt RRTT RT Rt rT RRTT RRTt RrTT RRTt RrTt RRTt rt RrTt Rrtt

A student crosses two homozygous plants one with green pods and the other with yellow pods If yellow is dominant over green what phenotypic results will the student find in the offspring O A 75 green 25 yellow OB 75 yellow 25 green O C 100 yellow

An organism s genotype describes its specific combination of alleles For example an Aa genotype is heterozygous for the A allele An organism s phenotype describes a visible trait such as tall height brown eyes or black fur How does genotypic variation occur OA Genotypic variation occurs when alleles are randomly sorted during asexual reproduction OB Genotypic variation only occurs when genetic mutations occur OC Genotypic variation only occurs during binary fission OD Genotypic variation occurs when alleles are randomly sorted during sexual reproduction

Errors that are made during DNA replication may result in O A mutations OB O C radioactive decay identical twins OD a viral infection

A codon is a set of three nucleotides that correspond to a specific amino acid The table below shows various DNA codons and their corresponding amino acids 4 Amino Acid Alanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartic Acid Cysteine Glutamic Acid Glutamine Glycine Histadine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine DNA Codon s GCT GCC GCA GCG AGA AGG CGT CGC CGA CGG AAT AAC GAT GAC TGT TGC GAA GAG CAA CAG GGT GGC GGA GGG CAT CAC ATT ATC ATA CTT CTC CTA CTG TTA TTG AAA AAG Methionine Start ATG Phenylalanine Proline TTT TTC CCT CCC CCA CCG In the DNA strand below two nucleotides were reversed during replication Original DNA Strand replication Incorrect Copy of DNA Strand ATGATT What will happen when the replicated DNA strand is translated into a protein OA Nothing will happen OB Tyrosine will be added instead of isoleucine A TG T T

Directions Select each correct answer Which of the following events can result in inheritable genetic variations in organisms genetic recombination during meiosis occurrence of viable errors during DNA replication mutation of DNA by environmental factors translation errors during protein synthesis

57 An octapeptide was determined to have the following amino acid composition Lys 2 Phe 2 Gly 1 His 1 Leu 1 Met 1 The native peptide was run through one cycle of the Edman degradation and the PTH leucine derivative was identified by HPLC When the native peptide was exposed to cyanogen bromide CNBr a heptapeptide and free glycine were recovered Incubation of the native protein with trypsin gave a tetrapeptide a tripeptide and free lysine The peptides were separated and each run through one cycle of the Edman degradation The tetrapeptide yielded the PTH leucine derivative and the tripeptide yielded the PTH phenylalanine derivative Incubation of the native protein with pepsin produced a dipeptide and two tripeptides The amino acid composition of the tripeptides not the order were determined to be Phe Gly Met and Phe Lys Lys What is the sequence of the octapeptide Specificities BrCN Trypsin Pepsin of Proteases cuts at the C terminal side of Met cuts at the C terminal side of Lys or Arg cuts at the N terminal side of Phe Trp or Tyr A His Phe Leu Lys Lys Phe Met Gly B Met Leu Phe Lys Phe Gly Lys His C Leu His Lys Lys Phe Phe Gly Met D Leu His Phe Lys Lys Phe Met Gly E Gly Met Phe Lys Lys Phe His Leu 57

Activity Complete the following 1 In the diagram below label A the DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR MOLECULE WITH A S B the PHOSPHATE GROUP with a P C the NITROGENOUS BASES with appropriate letters of your choosing D a hydrogen bond E the 5 and 3 ends OH OH 2 In the diagram above CIRCLE ONE nucleotide 3 In DNA the nitrogenous base C always binds to the nitrogenous base 4 In RNA the nitrogenous base A always binds to the nitrogenous base 5 If the DNA code was TACCTAGAT what would the mRNA codons be and the A always bonds to 6 What do we call this process of making mRNA from the DNA coding strand 7 What would be the tRNA anticodons for the mRNA in question 5 8 Do we use the mRNA codons or the tRNA anticodons in order to use the coding chart to tell us what amino a were coded for by the DNA strand 9 Using a coding table what amino acids are coded for by the DNA 10 What type of bond holds the amino acids together as the protein is being synthesized whore mRNA tRNA and ribosomes work together to put the proper amir

Genetic Term Allele Chromosome Dominant trait Y F1 generation F2 generation Gene Genotype Heterozygous Meaning

Drag and drop the components of mRNA processing to match with their description Modification added to the 5 end of pre mRNAs to protect mRNA from degradation and assist translation Three nucleotide sequence in a tRNA molecule that corresponds to an mRNA codon Sequence present in protein coding mRNA after completion of pre mRNA splicing Non protein coding intervening sequences that are spliced from mRNA during processing Modification added to the 3 end of pre mRNAs to protect mRNA from degradation and assist mRNA export from the nucleus Direct alteration of one or more nucleotides in an mRNA that has already been synthesized Process of removing introns and reconnecting exons in a pre mRNA Intron Splicing 7 methylguanosine cap Poly A tail Exon Anticodon RNA editing

7 In what process is mRNA synthesized Mitosis Transcription DNA Replica

KEY Unaffected male Unaffected female Affected male Affected female 25 1 11 1 H 2 3 The pedigree shown represents the inheritance pattern of a gene disorder caused by a recessive gene If Individual 3 has children with a woman that is heterozygous for the genetic disorder what is the percent probability they will have an affected child 50 00

amalas group R H carboxyl group General structure of an a amino acid carbohydrates The diagram below shows the general structure of an amino acid Which type of molecule is formed from amino acids proteins lipids nucleic acids

x A translation x 4x The diagram shows an unpredicted change in the genetic material of two chromosomes The change in DNA is called a B C D transcription mutation Chromosome 20 replication Chromosome 4 Chromosome 20 Chromosome 4

Which two selections correctly pair a term with an example A Phenotype short fur B Trait heterozygous C Allele fur length D Genotype Ff

r r Rr Rr Rr Rr minance R When red carnations are crossed with white carnations the resulting flowers are pink Pink carnations are an example of what type of inheritance pattern Incomplete dominance Dominant Alleles Recessive Alleles

Why is greater genetic diversity important for a species species is more likely to survive disasters there will be less competition with other species the population of the specie will never get too large

Hitchhiker s thumb H is dominant to no hitchhiker s thumb h A woman who does not have hitchhiker s thumb marries a man who is heterozygous for hitchhiker s thumb Given that hitchhiker s thumb is not a sex linked trait what is the probable genotypic ratio of their children 0 Hh 100 hh 50 Hh 50 hh 75 Hh 25 hh 100 Hh 0 hh