The Living World Questions and Answers

The graph below represents the mortality rate of offspring from marriages registered in 1903 1907 in Italian populations The data indicate that the offspring of related individuals have higher mortality rates What is the likely cause for this inbreeding depression 30 Offspring mortality prior to age 21 25 20 20 2 22 7 27 8 28 9 First Not Second 1 2 related cousins cousins cousins Degree of relatedness of parents O a Inbred individuals are more likely than other individuals to be homozygous for deleterious recessive alleles O b Italian populations are more likely than other populations to have genetic diseases O c Italians are more likely to mate with other Italians than with individuals of other nationalities Od The offspring of close relatives are born at a larger size than other offspring Oe Close relatives are more likely to neglect their children

Font C2b C2 Complement System Activation a classical b alternative Microbe C3a C1 C4 Antigen Antibody C2a C4b C4a Cat Paragraph inflammation cytolysis opsonization C3a Microbe Microbe 51 Lipid carbohydrate complex Factors C3b inflammation cytolysis opsonization Drawing n 157 c lectin 62 Microbe 141 C2b 62a C4b C3 C3b Editing C4a Carbohydrate containing mannose Mannose binding lectin MBL inflammation cytolysis opsonization Voic

This figure shows the relationship between the values of a phenotypic trait of parents and their offspring The x axis is the midparent value for the trait the average between the parents for the trait while the y axis is the value for the trait in the offspring The slope of a graph such can be used to determine the pring H d part un vals Oa Fitness O b Reproductive value OC Heritability O d Selection coefficient Oe Phenotypic ratio 24

Use the figure below to answer the following question Note that 0 represents the original character state within this lineage Which macroevolutionary pattern and explanation of why it is that pattern is shown in the figure below Time 0 Decreases Increases Character state Active trend because the mean value for the character state has changed Active trend because all lineages are similar or less than the original character state value Passive trend because the mean value for the character state decreased Passive trend because although the mean value for the character state value decreased some line

F O F G H Ob H I OCG H I O d F G H LJ OeAnswers a and b are both monophy GH I J K

The phylum of the worm shown above is Select rectangle is Select Select spicule scolex The structure encased by the

As the chromosomes of a parent cell are duplicated and distributed to the two daughter cells during cell division the structure of the chromosomes changes Answer the three questions for each phase of the cell cycle by dragging the yes and no labels to the appropriate locations in the table Note Assume that by the end of the M phase the parent cell has not yet divided to form two daughter cells View Available Hint s yes no Changes in DNA structure during the cell cycle Submit Question 1 Are sister chromatids present in all or part of this phase 2 Is the DNA condensed in all or part of this phase 3 Does the cell contain twice as much DNA in this phase as it did in the G phase Previous Answers X Incorrect Try Again One attempt remaining G no no no S G Beginning of M prophase early anaphase Reset End of M late anaphase telophase Help tion 1 rocall that once sister chromatids separate from each other each chromatid becomes a full fledged chromosome Knowing this are sister

02 42 27 Question 43 of 60 A woman bought acreage in a distant county never went to see the acreage and did not use the grounds A man moved his mobile home onto the land had a water well drilled and lived there for 22 years The man may become the owner of the land if he has complied with the state law regarding OA adverse possession OB prescriptive easement C requirements for a valid conveyance OD voluntary alienation

Who was Prime Minister of Britain during Operation Sea Lion A Neville Chamberlain B King George VI C Winston Churchill D Clement Attlee

Media Turbidity Mixed culture broth subculturing Aseptic transfer techniques agar slant Nutrients used to grow bacteria in the laboratory cloudiness in the medium inoculated with bacteria transfer microbes from one medium to another one Methods devised to prevent contaminating microbes from entering our Solid media in a test tube with an inclined surface liquid medium The sampling of a bacterial culture Two or more species of bacteria growing in the same medium Choose Two or more species of ba Choose Choose Choose1

Which of the following happened as a result of the Government of India Act of 1858 A Mongol Invasion B Great Famine C the death of Buddha D Sepoy Rebellion

4 points Match the following structure to the correct structure Ganglion neurons 53 Endodermal epithelial cell 54 Cilia Gland cell 55 56 www 55 Dana Ve 54 53 56 Choose epitheliomuscular cell nerve cell muscle cell nematocyst gland cell mesoglea nutritive cell cnidocyte mesohyl

Which of the cells in this image shows type O blood Anti A Anti B Anti B Anti A 0 1 02 3 04 B B A 2 3

Technique 3 1 Event Event Production of Production of viable sperm viable oocytes Transport down the male duct system Sperm deposited in the female vagina Sperm move Transport through the down the female s repro uterine tube ductive tract Ovulation Meeting of sperm and oocyte in uterine tube Capture of the oocyte by the uterine tube Union of sperm and egg Implantation of blastocyst in properly prepared endometrium O birth control pill O tubal ligation O diaphragm morning after pill Birth 2 4 5 6 Which birth control method acts at 2 above 7 8 Technique

1 Inhibition of cell wall synthesis penicillins cephalosporins bacitracin vancomycin Replication DNA Transcription 3 Inhibition of nucleic acid replication and transcription quinolones rifampin mRNA 2 Inhibition of protein synthesis chloramphenicol erythromycin tetracyclines streptomycin Translation 4 Injury to plasma membrane polymyxin B Enzyme Protein Enzyme activity inhibition 5 Inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis sulfanilamide trimethoprim KEY CONCEPTS Antimicrobial drugs target certain essential functions of the microbe Mechanisms of action include inhibiting cell wall synthesis inhibiting protein synthesis inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis injuring the plasma

Use this figure to answer the questions below 3 5 2 Structure 2 O Structure 4 What structure number in the picture above contains the visual area O Structure 5 O Structure 8 6 O Structure 10 13 12 11 10 9 8

The transfer of genetic material between bacteria in direct physical contact is called transformation transduction conjugation all of these

B A positively B negatively C neutral This painting is titled Louis XVIII lifting France from her ruins How do you think the artist felt about the legitimacy of European monarchies

Examine this painting of the Grand Army s Retreat from Moscow Which term best fits the mood of the image A gracious B celebratory C defeated D reverent

Draw the colonies that appear on each agar plate Colony description Form Elevation Pigmentation Size Spread Plate Technique Draw the distribution of growth on the slant surface Coccus Flut 0 5 micrometer Size 0 5 0 8micrometer Number of Colonies 97 Type of growth Pigmentation Name of organism PART B Isolation of Pure Cultures from a Spread Plate or Streak Plate Preparation Streak Plate Technique gggg CFU CFU X DE ML ML Plated 97X 105 106 107 X 0 1 Volume plated G 0 ervation Fra 30

5 Select all the correct locations Identify the nations on the map that made up the Triple Entente Kry Neatral Powers Central Powers Allied Power NWTH FARENTS BEA

Which organelle uses carbon dioxide in its energy production thylkoids the cell membrane the mitochondrium the chloroplast

What is it called when one event occurs and another happens as a direct result OA Coincidence B Correlation OC Colonization D Causation

Cells are limited in size to 200 and 500 micrometers in diameter characteristic of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms characteristic of eukaryotic but not prokaryotic organisms only found in pairs because single cells cannot exist independentl

The force driving simple diffusion is transport is while the energy source for active transmembrane pumps an electrochemical gradient a concentration gradient ADP phosphorylated carrier proteins ATP O a concentration gradient ATP hydrolysis

4 Listen Why is the AG of ATP hydrolysis in the cell about twice as great as the AG of ATP hydrolysis in a test tube under standard conditions Reactant and product concentrations in the test tube are different from those in the cell ATP hydrolysis in cells is catalyzed by enzymes whereas the reaction in a test tube occurs spontaneously A cell is an open system whereas a test tube is a closed system ATP hydrolysis in a test tube releases more heat than ATP hydrolysis associated with cellular metabolism

Which of the following statements correctly describes osmosis In osmosis solutes move across a membrane from areas of lower water concentration to areas of higher water concentration In osmosis water moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration O Osmosis only takes place in red blood cells Osmosis is an energy demanding or active process

A characteristic 9 2 arrangement of microtubules consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules is associated with eukaryotic flagella motile cilia and nonmotile cilia bacterial flagella eukaryotic flagella and motile cilia centrioles and basal bodies

21 Read the story below Select the best answer for the following item Our use of enormous quantities of natural resources has caused much anxiety about the future As our population grows our resources are being exhausted at an increasing rate When our nation was young and had a small population we thought our resources would last forever With a small population labor was scarce and people did not bother to prevent waste By 1900 our vast forests were three fourths gone Today our coastal fishing grounds are producing less than before and much farmland has been lost to erosion Most of our large cities are concerned about the problems of water supply and many of our smaller cities are looking for additional water Fortunately interested citizens scientists and government officials have become increasingly aware of our diminishing resources and are studying ways of saving them Proper conservation however does more than protect resources for the future it also increases their present production The wise conservationist wants to use resources to provide for future generations as well as for our own Wise use means no waste Conservationists urge that we manage our living resources to balance their consumption with the growth of a new supply Whether it is trees grass or fish no more should be used than can be replaced by normal growth Minerals a funded resource cannot replace themselves Conservationists therefore advocate cautious use of them Scrap metal for example should be melted down and used over again Whenever possible the more plentiful minerals should be used in place of the scarce ones With efficient use of our resources we can meet our present needs and also provide for the future 6 37 38 ac D According to this article conservationists include city councils O concerned citizens

The third paragraph chiefly describes the increase in natural resources O location of vast forests O loss of natural resources O water supply of cities

8 A 5 year old male is diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy DMD Using your own words describe in detail what causes this disease AND its symptoms

Oprokaryotes autotrophs Odecomposers Ophotosynthetic Question 21 1 point 4 Listen Which group of fungi include species that are often referred to as ma Chytrids yeasts

Biologists think that endosymbiosis gave rise to mitochondria before plastids partly because O A all eukaryotes have mitochondria or their remnants whereas many eukaryotes do not have plastids OB the products of photosynthesis could not be metabolized without mitochondrial enzymes OC without mitochondrial CO2 production photosynthesis could not occur OD D mitochondrial DNA is less similar to prokaryotic DNA than is plastid DNA

Which of the following would indicate that the dermis has been previously stretched to the point of tearing O The appearance of visible silvery white scars Tension lines in the area disappeared There was an episode of acute pain due to the large number of tactile corpuscles Permanent black and blue marks due to the blood vessels in the dermis rupturing

Experiment 3 Enzyme Denaturation by Temperature Remember browning reaction Not browning no reaction Did the reaction still occur at room temperature Did the reaction still occur after boiling Did the reaction still occur after chilling Did the reaction still occur after freezing What was happening to the enzyme in the reactions that didn t occur

A DNA primase primes the nitrogen bases by adding to prevent the bases from binding to something other than another base helical primers B RNA primers C DNA primers

A The array of structures shown to the right are called diploid cells B asci C map units

Discrete units of electromagnetic radiation are known as atoms educers B light D photons

The long thin brownish structures with a swollen green tip ar Archegoniophores Antheridiophores

Identify the structure at the white arrow

How is the DNA in a prokaryote different from the DNA in a eukaryote A DNA in prokaryotes floats throughout the cell B They have different numbers of chromosomes OC Eukaryotes do not have chromosomes OD Only prokaryotes are haploid

I have been using this product for the past seven years and the results have bee exceptionally great I whole heartedly recommend the product It is an example It uses an extended definition It makes use of testimony

1 When there is a cut in the skin and bacteria enter the body the immune system responds First macrophages approach the area of the cut Next the macrophages surround any bacterial cells and engulf them What feature of the immune system is best described by this scenario OA self recognition which is a part of adaptive immunity O B the phagocytotic barrier which is a part of innate immunity OC the inflammatory barrier which is a part of innate immunity OD antigen specificity which is a part of adaptive immunity

1 2 3 5 6 7 9 10 An organism s combination of alleles written with 2 letters An organism s physical expression of its genes If an organism has 2 different alleles for a trait also known as hybrid 8 If an organism has 2 identical alleles for a trait also known as purebred Sex linked trait in males that is recessive and found on the X chromosome The The inherited independently of one another The states that the two alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation and that a parent will pass down one allele randomly to their offspring The different forms of a gene 12 A disease that is caused by a dominant allele A trait like skin color whose phenotype is influenced by more than one gene 15 An allele that is only expressed if the organism is homozygous for the trait These alleles can be masked by other An allele with the ability to mask another allele represented with a capital letter 13 14 of a fertilized egg resulting in a female is 2 states that genes for different traits are Word Bank A Alleles B Codominance C Colorblindness D Dominant E Genotype F Heterozygous G Homozygous H Huntington s disease Incomplete dominance 1 J Law of Independent Assortment K Law of Segregation L Phenotype M Polygenic traits N Probability O Recessive This results in a third phenotype in which the expressed physical trait is a combination or blend of the phenotypes of both alleles This results in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive Respond to the following prompts 16 How many alleles in offspring s cells are inherited from each parent One Allele 17 Female egg cells can only carry one X chromosome and male sperm cells can cany one X one Y chromosome then what percentage of sperm cells carry an X chromosome For an egg fertilized by a sperm what percentage will be female 18 Why are the principles of probability useful in genetics HINT Punnett Squares To Prodict the outcomes of Genetic crosses 19 Complete the Punnett square to the right T tall and t short What percentage of the offspring are expected to be short T T TT

The reason why some individuals have brown eyes and other have blue eyes is due to Choose all that apply Silent mutations Missense mutations Single nucleotide polymorphisms

What is the difference between the two sentences below He searched for his friend at the restaurant Frantic he anxiously searched for his long lost friend in the crowded restaurant The second sentence uses adjectives and adverbs to communicate tone and pain vivid image for readers There is no difference both sentences use vague pronouns The second sentence is wordy

Q6 9 Why is it important to flatten the curve by reducing the peak number of infections during an epidemic Flattening the curve hastens the arrival of herd immunity for the population Flattening the curve reduces the likelihood of exceeding the health care system s capacity Flattening the curve eliminates the need for community mitigation strategies like social distancing O Flattening the curve reduces the number of people who need to be vaccinated

Dr Smith needs to update her telephone number In OneTouch EMR where could you update this information a Users b Tasks c Charts d Reports

The government first committed major resources to EMRs as part of a CMS b ISO c OSI d HITECH

Which sentence uses the underlined word incorrectly 14 A For old times sake we simulate the best football game ever on its anniversary B The lady in front of me had to restrain herself from buying another candy bar at checkout C To dig the well they started at the core and then dug deeper and deeper until they hit oil D During the holidays I have to restrain myself from buying my family too many gifts restrain v to confine to detain to curb or control It took a lot of willpower to restrain myself from eating that extra donut simulate v to imitate to replicate or reproduce pretend to model Our scientific experiment requires us to simulate conditions we expect to find on the moon core n center essential fundamental primary essence or gist The doctor discovered that at the core of Kira s learning inability to see she needed glasses 1