Biology Questions

A complementation test can be used to determine whether two individuals with recessive single gene mutations causing the same or similar phenotypes have mutations in the same or different genes O whether a mutation is fully penetrant O whether a mutant allele has lost or gained function relative to a wild type allele O the number of phenotypes that can be expressed by individuals with a particular genotype the mode of inheritance of a mutant allele O

A male fish from a true breeding fish line has the mutant phenotype of spiky fin The male fish mates with a female fish from another true breeding spiky fin fish line Both spiky fin phenotypes are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner You hypothesize that the mutation in the male fish is at a different locus than the mutation in the female fish Which results would support this hypothesis O 75 of the offspring have spiky fins O None of the offspring have spiky fins O 25 of the offspring have spiky fins O 50 of the offspring have spiky fins O All of the offspring have spiky fins

Keratinosis is a recessive disorder that causes dry skin Below are the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring of a family with a history of keratinosis 7 with genotype KK all have non dry skin 5 with genotype Kk all have non dry skin 4 with genotype kk 1 with dry skin on hands 1 with dry skin on hands and feet 2 with non dry skin Select all that apply From this information keratinosis exhibits incomplete dominance Ostandard dominant recessive variable expressivity incomplete penetrance

An individual with type A blood and an individual with type B blood mate and have offspring Without knowing their exact genotypes what are all the possible blood types of their offspring Type B O Type A O Type AB O Type O

Mice from two different true breeding white mutant strains are crossed and all of their offspring have the wild type brown fur color This is an example of O incomplete dominance O an allelic series O co dominance O pleiotropy O complementation

You perform a cross between two four o clock flowers one is red homozygous dominant and the other is white homozygous recessive All F offspring are pink When you cross the F s together what ratios of colors do you expect from the F2 generation P Gametes F all identical O All pink O1 red 1 pink 1 white O 1 red 2 pink 1white O 3 red 1 white AA A X aa a Aa x Aa

The Hairless phenotype in Drosophila is caused by a recessive mutation in the H gene Wild type Drosophila have hair on all body segments Two heterozygous Hh Drosophila are crossed 25 of the offspring have normal hair on their bodies and 25 have no hair at all 50 of the offspring have less hair on their bodies than wild type and the amount of hair they have varies The Hairless phenotype in Drosophila displays what relationship between alleles Select all that apply Codominance Incomplete penetrance Incomplete dominance O Variable expressivity

Carly has blood type A and has a child with blood type O Considering the possible genotypes for each blood type which of the following individuals could NOT not be the child s other parent O George blood type AB O Kevin blood type A O Jerry blood type O O Simon blood type B O Neither George AB nor Simon B could be the other parent

A rancher would like to produce a buffalo with medium length hair but currently has only long haired and short haired buffalo The rancher crosses the long and short haired buffalo together and gets all medium haired offspring When the rancher then breeds the medium haired buffaloes together he finds that he cannot establish a true breeding line of medium haired buffalo If the hair length difference is determined by a single gene what relationship between alleles of this gene best explains these findings O Complete dominance O Codominance Incomplete dominance

What is the correct series of numbers to complete the equation CO2 H O light C6H12O6 O2 H O 6 6 12 6 2 4 2 2 none of the other answers are correct 6 12 6 4 6666

Some chemoautotrophs use H S to produce energy In general the energy is used to produce organic nutrients replace the need for water keep the organism warm produce inorganic carbon compounds fuel reproduction

Differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes do NOT include the complexity of flagella the method of cell division the use of RNA as a messenger the amount of DNA in the cells the size of ribosomes

An example of a mutualistic symbiosis is the motile sperm of bryophytes In this case the sperm benefit from the nutrients provided by water termites and the protist in their digestive tract In this case both organisms benefit from their relationship none of these are good examples Giardia and humans In this case Giardia benefits at the expense of the human host an fern that grows and lives on a larger tree In this case the fern benefits from the relationship with no effect on the tre

Ascientist brings you a sample that is supposedly a new species of Archaea You examine it carefully and find that it has circular DNA lacks cellular compartmentalization is gram positive has simple flagella and divides by binary fission After examining the evidence you should congratulate the scientist on his new species of Archaea decide that the new species is really a Bacterium wonder why the scientist is confusing dinoflagellates with Archaea conclude without a doubt that the organism is Neisseria gonorrhoeae scold the scientist for his inability to recognize that he has a sample of Giardia

Your roommate is very messy and she or he never cleans the bathroom In disgust you decide you d like to show your roommate how dirty th bathroom is by estimating the number of bacterial species on the shower curtain What is the best method for answering this question By scraping the curtain and trying to grow the bacteria in cultures By applying the gram stain By scraping the curtain and counting the number of shapes under the microscope By directly sequencing DNA that you have scraped off the curtain By licking the shower curtain and cooing if you got cigle

he theory is supported by incarceration the presence of a nuclear membrane in eukaryotes invagination the presence of circular DNA in mitochondria endosymbiont the presence of circular DNA in mitochondria endosymbiont the occurrence of small prokaryote like ribosomes in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells two of the other options are correct

What makes Protists a polyphyletic grouping There isn t a single common ancestor of all protists that is an ancestor to only protists Some protists are photosynthetic whereas others are chemoheterotrophs Some protists acquired chloroplasts through secondary endosymbiosis Protists share several features in common like DNA packaged into chromosomes

Why do some bacteria stain violet in the Gram stain and some do not The Gram negative bacteria have peptidoglycan on the outside of their cell walls Gram positive bacteria have less peptidoglycan with an outer membrane that covers the peptidoglycan Gram positive bacteria are shaped differently than Gram negative bacteria Gram positive bacteria are rod like and Gram negative are spherical The stain allows the visualization of these shapes Gram negative bacteria cause severe disease Gram positive bacteria are chemoheterotrophs and so can metabolize the gram stain Gram negative bacteria are authotrophs and need not metabolize the gram stain Gram positive bacteria have peptidoglycan on the outside of their cell walls Gram negative bacteria have less peptidoglycan with an outer membrane to cover the peptidoglycan

People who do not eat meat or eggs sometimes need to take food supplements to avoid protein deficiencies Which statement best describes why they need to do this

If The Lady or the Tiger had been written in 1st person through the king s eyes which of these events did he not know about and so would be omitted from the story A This the arena was the king s semi barbaric method of administering justice B How often in the princess s waking hours and in her dreams had she started in wild horror C This semi barbaric king had a daughter she was the apple of his eye THE LADY OR THE TIGER by Frank R Stockton 1 In the very olden time there lived a semi barbaric king whose ideas though somewhat polished and sharpened by the progressiveness of distant Inhil

Which president of the United States declared a bank holiday O Woodrow Wilson O Franklin D Roosevelt Benjamin Harris O Andrew Jackson

Study this list Emergency Banking Relief Act Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Federal Securities Act Eased restrictions on the manufacture and sale of some alcoholic beverages Based on your own knowledge what are these items most associated with O New Deal O First 100 Days O Glass Steagall Act Brain Trust

Based on your knowledge what is the best choice to fill in the circle Relief for needy O Brain Trust O New Deal O Progressivism Economic recovery Financial reform

Who was Alfred Landon 1 The governor of Kansas II Candidate for presidential election against President Roosevelt in 1936 III A member of the democrat party O I only Oll only O I and III only O I and II only

No one could say that one set of principles was good for all groups This idea is called O modified realism modified relativism O moral realism moral relativism Reset Reset but this assess Reset Questions 1 5

Who popularized abstract paintings Salvador Dali a surrealist painter O Wassily Kandinsky and Pier Mondrian O The Dadaists Georges Braque

Question 6 Points 1 Identify the system that is constructed along the border of Germany and Luxembourg Connective line O Magnet Line O Maginot Line Executive line

What led to the stock market crash of October 29 1929 O Anarchist organizations were threatening to overthrow the United States government The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia caused Russian stockholders to sell off all their American stocks Stock prices plummeted O The price of oil skyrocketed O Bad financial news caused a sudden sell off of stocks whose prices were overinflated Re thi Que 1 5

Question 7 Which of the following is an example of a pandemic Points 1 The influenza outbreak of 1918 1919 which killed over 20 million people worldwide O Close to 1 million Americans dying annually of heart disease O Close to 600 000 Americans dying annually of cancer O The West Nile virus which occurs from time to time all around the world

Which of the following caused the fall of the French economy O Shortage of essential materials less number of workers in agriculture and industry O Destroy of modern parts of agriculture industry and the construction of the Maginot Line O High price of fertilizers construction of the Maginot Line and shortage of essential materials O Less investment in agriculture industry and shortages of labor high price of essential materials Q

On investors feared a fall in their stock prices and rushed to sell their shares This sudden development resulted in a major fall in the value of many shares overnight This was known as O October 29 1929 Black Tuesday O September 30 1929 Black Friday O August 29 1929 economic depression September 30 1930 Black Tuesday QL 5 9

Points 1 Question 1 Who wrote Decline of the West Oswald Spengler O Earnest Hemingway O F Scott Fitzgerald O John Dos Passos

What did Dadaists reflect in their paintings O Cruelty of the war Insanity of the war Reality of the war O Tranquillity of the war

how have you experienced health equity

why do you like to learn about health equity

what real life experiences you had with health equity

7 Dresser A 350 grams B 70 kilograms C 20 grams D 500 kilograms

Flour beetles may be black or bronze and this difference in body color is due to a single gene A flour beetle with a black body is crossed with one that has a bronze body Half the F progeny have black bodies and the other half have bronze bodies In the text box provided write out a cross that could be done using these F progeny to determine which trait is dominant and which is recessive Indicate the phenotypes of the F beetles you would use for your cross Clearly indicate the outcome expected if black is dominant and if bronze is dominant These expected outcomes must be different if your cross is able to determine which trait is dominant There is no need to include a Punnett Square or proposed genotypes Organize your answer like this If black is dominant F phenotype x F phenotype offspring phenotypic classes and proportions If bronze is dominant offspring phenotypic classes and proportions

1 4 This pedigree illustrates the pattern of inheritance of X linked recessive colorblindness in a human family A couple is expecting their first child and have found out from amniocentesis results that it a boy marked What is the probability that this XY child will be color blind 1 2 00 01 O

wild type allele TSS gap Wild type expression Agouti O dominant negative O copy number variant O loss of function O gain of function Question 201 agouti viable yellow allele TSS Ectopic expression TSS IAP 99999 unmethylated CG sites The Agouti gene is a determinant of coat color in furry mammals such mice The wild type allele is expressed in the skin in a pattern that leads to the production agouti fur left drawing above The viable yellow allele has an insertion IAP upstream of the normal transcription start site TSS Depending on the methylation status of multiple CG dinucleotides within IAP this insertion can initiate transcription from an abnormal location near the insertion site with transcription reading through the Agouti gene at an elevated level and causing the production of yellow fur right drawing above Drawing adapted from Paro et al Introduction to Epigenetics Springer 2021 This is background information for questions 18 through 23 Wild type expression Agouti Yellow Which of the following classifiers of mutation type would you assign to the viable yellow allele with unmethylated CG sites in IAP 3 pts What fur color do you expect to observe in a heterozygote that has one wild type allele and one viable yellow allele with unmethylated CG sites in IAP

1 AA a a 2 Daughter of normal meiosis I AA Daughter of abnormal meiosis I where non disjunction occurred Daughter of a normal meiosis II Daughter of abnormal meiosis II division where non disjunction occurred 3 Daughter of a normal meiosis II where non disjunction occurred during the preceding The 5 cells drawn schematically here illustrate one chromosome or one homologous pair of chromosomes in daughter cells produced by meiosis I or meiosis II in an Aa heterozygous diploid These cells are not themselves undergoing meiosis focus on the chromosomal complement in each cell rather than the arrangement of chromosomes Black circles represent centromeres Match each description on the left to one of the drawings using the numbers 1 5 above Choose 5 A 1 324 Choose 4 Choose AL LA 5 A

This pedigree illustrates the pattern of inheritance of a human disease Consider whether this trait could be autosomal dominant X linked dominant autosomal recessive or X linked recessive In the answer field provided state which of these four modes is inconsistent with this pedigree and provide a reason for your choice that refers to specific individuals by generation and individual numbers reasons should mention both a parent and a child 1 1 2 1 2 3 3 1 2 4 5 6 4 7 8 5 6

The Ras oncogene is activated by mutation of its proto oncogene precursor in about 30 of all human cancers Use the dropdown menus to indicate yes or no for several possible genetic or epigenetic changes in the Ras gene described below to indicate whether you would you expect to find this change in tumor cells where one of the drivers is a Ras oncogene Deletion of one copy of the gene Select V Methylation of CG dinucleotides in the promoter region Select A translocation that moves the coding region of Ras near a repressor DNA element such that Ras is not transcribed Select A missense mutation that causes Ras protein to be constitutively active GTP bound in the absence of activating signals Select A copy number variant that locally amplifies the Ras gene Select Acetylation of histones associated with the Ras gene Select

Neurofibromas are tumors arising from Schwann cells of the nerve sheath surrounding peripheral nerves 90 of people who get a neurofibroma just get one tumor and have no family history of this tumor type However some individuals get a large number of these tumors over time this condition is called neurofibromatosis and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait determined by a single gene The gene involved is NF1 and encodes a protein called neurofibromin NF1 The wild type normal function version of NF1 protein downregulates the activity of Ras by promoting the conversion from the GTP bound active form into the GDP found inactive form Loss of function mutations in NF1 are driver mutations in neurofibroma Which of the following terms correctly describes the wild type version of the NF1 gene O Oncogene O Tumor suppressor gene Proto oncogene

Many hedgehog mutants have been recovered in Drosophila melanogaster which have a phenotype reminiscent of the spiky animal The hedgehog gene is an important regulator of embryonic development and its human homolog is perturbed in some cancers A wide variety of mutations have been identified via sequencing of mutant alleles Five of these are described here 1 hhGW1 inversion of a portion of the coding region 2 hh 3C a point mutation changing a tryptophan codon in the middle of the coding region to a stop codon 3 hh Moonrat a 24 bp deletion in an enhancer regulating the expression of the gene causing it to be expressed in embryonic cells that normally do not express hedgehog 4 hhHL2 a two nucleotide deletion in an exon located in the middle of the coding region 5 hh k a point mutation changing amino acid 109 from proline to leucine Frameshift mutation Nonsense mutation Missense mutation The most likely of these 5 to be a leaky loss of function mutation Gain of function The most likely of these 5 to cause an anormal phenotype in heterozygotes with one copy of the mutant allele and one wild type allele Choose Choose Choose Choose Choose Choose

Gleevec was described in Video 2 5 as a drug targeting the BCR ABL fusion protein an abnormal kinase encoded by an oncogene on the Philadelphia chromosome that is frequently found in chronic myelogenous leukemias Gleevec is a kinase inhibitor that suppresses BCR ABL fusion protein activity and reduces tumor growth rate effectively in many CML patients with a Philadelphia chromosome However as with all mutation targeting chemotherapeutic drugs the efficacy of Gleevec declines over time in any given patient and eventually it stops working to suppress tumor growth Considering what you have learned about genetic changes underlying the formation and progression of tumors propose an explanation for the decline in efficacy of Gleevec over time Limit your answer to 1 2 sentences

The ant Myrmecia pilosula is found in Australia where it is called a bulldog ant because of its aggressive behavior It is particularly interesting genetically because it has only one chromosome It is diploid and sex is determined by the number copies of this chromosome an individual has females have two and males have one The drawings below illustrate metaphase of meiosis or mitosis in this organism with alleles for a single gene indicated T t Chromosomes are not to scale and spindles are not drawn in however the relative positions of chromosomes are significant in these drawings Choose a letter A B or C to indicate which drawing could illustrate each cell division stage described on the left A mitosis in a female meiosis I in a female mitosis in a male meiosis II in a female B XX Choose BCA Choose Choose C 8

Match the chromosomal feature on the left with a correct statement about it on the right centromeres telomeres pseudoautosomal regions of X and Y nucleosome chiasmata Choose A a histone octamer with DNA wrapped around it physically connect sister chromatids prior to chromosome segregation at meiosis II protect chromosome ends shared sequences at the tips of X and Y chromosomes that allow them to pair at meiosis I physically connect homologous chromosomes prior to chromosome segregation at meiosis I Choose Choose Choose

Wild type flies have gray bodies and red eyes A fly exhibiting the autosomal recessive traits ebony body genotype ee and brown eyes genotype bb is crossed with wild type to produce dihybrids Ee Bb and these are intercrossed A fly showing both dominant phenotypes is selected at random from the F2 population and crossed with a ebony body brown eye tester ee bb There are two progeny classes from that cross gray bodies and red eyes gray bodies and brown eyes What was the genotype of F2 fly used for the final cross described Ee BB OEE Bb Ee Bb

most of her skin is not dry and scaly Which of the following mostly likely explains the patchiness of ichthyosis in the daughter O Non disjunction O Haplo insufficiency Translocation OX inactivation Question 8 3 pts A woman has full ichthyosis not patchy like the daughter described in Question 6 but all over her body like the father in Question 6 She has children with a man with normal skin If they have a son what is the probability that he will have ichthyosis O 0 chance of ichthyosis O 50 chance of full ichthyosis O 100 chance of full ichthyosis