Biology Questions

erent body cells can respond differently to the same peptide hormones because Oa target cell s response is determined by the components of its signal transduction pathways the circulatory system regulates responses to hormones by routing the hormones to specific targets different target cells have different sets of genes O each cell converts that hormone to a different metabolite the hormone is chemically altered in different ways as it travels thr circulatory system

All hormones elicit the same biological response from all of their target cells are protein molecules O are carried to target cells in the blood are lipid soluble molecules are produced by endocrine glands O

What is the main role of the hormone aldosterone in the human body the reabsorption of Na in the kidneys the secretion of K in the kidneys the excretion of water from the kidneys the reabsorption of urea in the collecting duct the reabsorption of glucose in the kidnou

Which of the following is dominated by plants that drop their leaves yearly to conserve water savanna Otropical rain forest temperate broadleaf forest Oconiferous forest desert

Which of the following shows how biotic environmental factors can affect an organism Monarch butterflies live only where there are milkweed plants for food Maple trees will not grow in waterlogged soil Mice have the highest reproductive rate of any common mammal Trout will not live in shallow warm water O Some shrubs grow only where forest fires scorch their sond

Change of seasons is caused by Ochanges in wind patterns change in the distance of the Earth from the sun Ovariations in the output of solar energy the tilt of the Earth gravitational pull of the sun and the moon O

The oceans affect the biosphere in all of the following ways except Omoderating the climate of terrestrial biomes Obeing the source of most of Earth s rainfall producing a substantial amount of the biosphere s oxygen O removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere regulating the pH of frank

In which of the following biomes is fire very important for maintaining biodivers Ograsslands Oboreal forests enca temperate forests coastal zones deserts

ch greenhouse gas is thought to be the most important gas when it comes to the global warming trend we have been seeing ozone carbon dioxide Omethane water vapor Ooxygen

vertical strata found in the environment If so in which of the following biomes the number of bird species is determined mainly by the number of would you find the greatest number of bird species O temperate grassland temperate broadleaf forest O desert O savanna Otropical rain forest

of a skeletal muscle fiber following is the correct sequence that describes the excitation and Contraction 1 Tropomyosin shifts and unblocks the cross bridge binding sites 2 Calcium is released and binds to the troponin complex 3 Transverse tubules depolarize the sarcoplasmic reticulum 4 The thin filaments are ratcheted across the thick filaments by the heads of the myosin molecules using energy from ATP 5 An action potential in a motor neuron causes the axon to release acetylcholin which depolarizes the muscle cell membrane 05 3 1 2 4 01 2 3 4 5 05 3 2 1 4 02 3 4 1 5 1 3 5 4

The deepest part of the ocean is referred to as the intertidal zone Obenthic zone

wo plant species live in the same biome but on different continents Although the wo species are not at all closely related they may appear quite similar as a result of convergent evolution Omigration Ogene flow Oparallel evolution allopatric speciation

What are the three main types of forest biomes Orain temperate boreal marine coastal terestrial Ohigh altitude temperate coastal O temperate tropical boreal old growth

skeletal muscle deprived of adequate ATP supplies will sequester all free calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum enter a state where actin and myosin are unable to separate immediately relax O fire many more action potentials than usual and enter a state of rigo Orelease all actin myosin bonds

2 During pregnancy the uterus grows up to 10 times its normal size as the baby develops Explain why this might cause the following a Most women find that they must urinate much more often than normal especially during the first trimester b Many women during the last trimester find eating large meals to be a challenge and often will be eating many small meals snacking throughout the day instead c Towards the end of pregnancy women often experience difficulty breathing unable to take deep breaths

Organ dysfunction most often occurs when an organ is injured or fails but so can have function issues due to problems associated with another organ or structure in the same body region For each of the following EXPLAIN WHY the disruption has occurred 1 Older males often develop prostatic hyperplasia a disease condition in which the prostate enlarges sometimes to twice the normal size Explain why this might cause the following a For most males this will cause problems with urination b Some males experience difficulty passing feces

atch the eyeball structure with its description Transparent anterior part of the fibrous layer of the eyeball wall It allows light to enter the eye and bends it as it does The inner layer of the eyeball wall that contains millions of photoreceptor cells that transduce light energy into electrical signals Brown posterior portion of the uvea It absorbs light to prevent the light from scattering and supplies blood to the layers of the eyeball wall The colored part of the eye that regulates the size of the pupil the amount of 1 cornea 2 choroid region 3 retina 4 iris

All postganglionic neurons have binds sympathetic muscarinic adrenergic nicotinic receptors and are stimulated when ACh

The superior oblique muscle s action is to depress the eye and turn it laterally

The secretes norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood when stimulated which enhance the fight or flight response of the SNS kidneys adrenal medulla adrenal cortex hypothalamus

The sympathetic parasympathetic True False division causes the blood vessels to constrict whereas the division causes them to dilate

Which of the following is NOT true of the sympathetic nervous system with regards to anatomy Postganglionic fibers are long Ganglia are within or near visceral effector organs Preganglionic fibers are short Fibers originate in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord

Which of the following is an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system Constricts pupils Increases the rate and force of heart contraction Stimulates sweating Decreases the activity of the digestive systom

Find an article from the library and or internet related to somatic nervous posted by a science magazine journal like Science or National Geographic or a scientific research article You cannot post something like a Wikipedia or WebMD article however You ll probably have the best luck searching for things related to Homeostatic Imbalances

sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers True False Question 26 2 points Listen Roughly 90 of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from the nerves Ohypoglossal O trigeminal Ovagus

Match the following properties of sound with how they are perceived by the cortex Based on action potential frequency larger deflections of hair cells results in an increase in action potential frequency Based on the relative intensity and relative timing of sound waves reaching the two ears Based on the location of the activated hair cells along the basilar membrane 1 Loudness 2 Pitch 3 Sound location

Regeneration within the CNS typically allows axonal sprouting of 20 mm O is more successful than with the PNS is promoted by growth inhibitors and glial scars is prevented due to growth inhibiting proteins of oligodendroc

Listen Injury to the small objects Oaxillary median Oulnar O radial nerve makes it difficult to use the pincer grasp to pick up

Select ALL of the following nerves that innervate muscles that move the eyeball the abducens VI the vestibulocochlear nerve VIII the trochlear nerve IV the oculomotor nerve III

Blood vessels are almost entirely innerved by parasympathetic fibers so the parasympathetic division controls blood pressure True False Question 6 2 points Listen Products to help individuals stop smoking would fall into which drug class acetylcholinesterase inhibitors O sympathomimetic agents nicotinic agents

tollowing terms with their descriptions The smaller branch of a spinal nerve that innervates the posterior body trunk The connection between the spinal cord and a spinal nerve containing sensory fibers The connection between the spinal cord and a spinal nerve containing motor fibers The larger branch of a spinal nerve that innervates the anterior and lateral trunk and limbs 1 Dorsal rami 2 Dorsal roots 3 Ventral rami 4 Ventral roots

Match the level of motor control with its description The level that consists of neurons in the cerebellum and basal nuclei and controls the outputs of the cortex and brain stem motor centers The lowest level of motor control that consists of reflexes and automatic movements The level that has direct control of the spinal cord and consists of upper motor neurons and brain stem motor nuclei 1 Precommand Level 2 Projection Level 3 Segmental Level

Select ALL of the following that are true regarding Raynaud s disease It is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the fingers and toes It occurs primarily in association with injury to the spinal cord It is treated with vasodilators It is commonly induced by exposure to cold or by emotional stress

Sympathetic ganglia are located very close to the CNS parasympathetic ganglia are close to the visceral organs served True False Question 28 2 points 4 Listen Sympathetic has extensive branching of preganglionic fibers parasympathetic has minimal branching of preganglionic fibers True

smooth muscle cardiac muscle skeletal muscle most glands Question 32 2 points Listen All stretch reflexes are polysynaptic and ipsilateral True system

to its receptor activates a G protein coupled signaling cascade resulting in the opening of cation channels depolarization and impulse transmission True False Question 21 2 points Listen Select ALL of the following nerves that have both sensory and motor function Olfactory nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve Abducens nerve

They are involuntary They result in a predictable motor response to a stimulus They are rapid They can be modified by learning and conscious effort Question 34 2 points Listen exes The occurs in weight bearing limbs to maintain balance and consists of a ipsilateral withdrawal reflex along with a contralateral extensor reflex O crossed extensor reflex O tendon reflex flexor reflex

arding the iris of the eye The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye While irises can be different colors they contain only brown pigment Sympathetic stimulation causes the dilator pupillae muscle to relax and the pupil size increases Parasympathetic stimulation causes the sphincter pupillae muscle to contract and the pupil size decreases Question 16 2 points Listen would likely be affected if there is damage to the medial rectus muscles i re tu Refraction O Convergence Accommodation

The flight system of the autonomic nervous system is referred to as the fight or Osympathetic division Osomatic division parasympathetic division peripheral division

True False Question 23 2 points Listen The result of severe damage to the ventral root of a spinal nerve would result in in the tissue or region that nerve innervates a complete loss of sensation and movement O complete loss of sensation Oloss of neither sensation nor movement but only of autonomic control

Match the taste sensations to the chemicals that produce them 0000 alkaloids metal ions organic substances such as sugar and some lead salts hydrogen ions in solution glutamate and aspartate 1 bitter 2 salty 3 sour 4 sweet 5 umami

elevates the eye and turns it laterally depresses the eye and turns it medially elevates the eye and turns it medially depresses the eye and turns it laterally Question 14 2 points 4 Listen Match the following homeostatic imbalances with their descriptions Inflammation of the conjunctiva Infected tarsal glands often results in a firm painless cyst Highly contagious conjunctival infection caused by bacteria or viruses Painful inflammation of any of the smaller glands at the 1 Chalazion 2 Conjunctivitis 3 Pinkeye 4 Sty k

blood will be shunted to skeletal muscles and the heart rate and force of heartbeat will increase metabolic rate will increase glucose from the blood will be taken up by the liver for storage Question 5 2 points Listen Wing that would occur if someone was involved in a fight Blood vessels are almost entirely innerved by parasympathetic fibers so the parasympathetic division controls blood pressure True False

past chemoreceptors thermoreceptors nociceptors mechanoreceptors Question 3 2 points 4 Listen Select ALL of the following that are required for a sensation to occur se that you The stimulus energy must match the receptor specificity ex chemicals excite chemoreceptors The stimulus must be applied within the receptive field The graded potential must reach the CNS

of the following that are true of outer hair cells in the cochlea Impulses from outer hair cells in different positions along the basilar membrane are interpreted as specific pitches They can decrease the motion of the basilar membrane to protect inner hair cells from loud noises They can contract and stretch which affects the stiffness of the basilar membrane They can increase the ability to distinguish small differences in pitch by amplifying the motion of the basilar membrane Question 11 2 points 4 Listen Match the following sound wave properties to their descriptions DE The height of the crests The distance between two consecutive crests How we perceive different frequencies of sound waves The number of waves that pass a given point within a 1 Amplitude 2 Frequency 3 Pitch 4 Wavelength

True False Question 8 2 points Listen Select ALL of the following statements that are true regarding sound localization It requires processing at the cortical level It uses time differences between sound reaching the two ears It is difficult to discriminate sound sources in the midline it from both ears

A null hypothesis of There is no statistical difference between two sets of data would require a Chi square test with degree s of freedom to accept or reject B C

A Results of 105 tall and 22 dwarf plants Is stated in a null hypothesis to not be statistically different from 95 and 32 respectively The Chi Square value is at a 95 level of confidence the hypothesis is 4 2 B 12 C 2 5

4 Many endemic species are found in areas that are geographically isolated Suggest a plausible scientifi explanation for why this is so I