Biology Questions

1 What is the mode of inheritance in the pedigree chart above Dominant TO Recessive Codominance 80 166 I II III IV Carrier Incomplete dominance 2 What is the mode of inheritance in the pedigree chart above Carrier Sex Linked Incomplete Dominance KEY Does not have condition Has condition Carrier Multiple Alleles B Complete the following exercise 1 Make a concept map showing the different types of inheritance analyses

One pedigree shown below has a family with individuals affected by an autosomal recessive disorder The other has a family affected by an autosomal dominant disorder How do you know which is which Label each pedigree with its inheritance pattern and explain your answer REMEMBER If more individuals are affected it DOES NOT mean the disorder is caused by a dominant allele That is not a valid reason to use in your explanation 13 Inheritance Pattern 15 Inheritance Pattern I C Bethany Lou 2016 2 2 3 H How do you know 16 How do you know I II III 2 2

Assume in the questions below that the affected individual has an autosomal recessive disorder Use TO 2 I 1 2 I What is the genotype of I I 2 How do you know H II 2 1 2 7 What is the genotype of II 8 How do you know I II I 2 3 What is the genotype of II 4 How do you know Assume in the questions below that the affected individual has an autosomal dominant disorder Use B and b I 2 II 10 How do you know 2 2 9 What is the genotype of II 1 I II I 2 5 What is the genotype of I 2 6 How do you know 2 I II 2 1 2 II What is the genotype of I 1 12 How do you know

cilia microvilli flagella lamellipodia Question 46 1 point 4 Listen Sarin nerve gas paralyzes muscle by interfering with neuronal transmission by which of the following O Encephalin Serotonin CARA

end because it has a higher Tubulin addition happens preferentially at the affinity for tubulin heterodimers GTP hydrolysis acts as a molecular switch to microtubule affinity for addition of heterodimers minus increase plus increase plus decrease minus decrease

have a signal peptidase error do not make the appropriate anchor protein have a defect in ribosomal proteins that allow attachment to the surface are synthesizing cytoplasmic proteins Question 40 1 point Listen The axon branches of a typical neuron terminate at structures called glia Saved O the myelin sheath nodes of Ranvier

treadmilling catastrophe oligomerization Onucleation Question 16 1 point Saved 1 Listen Axonemal microtubules O are required to maintain axons maintain cell structure are part of the structure of cilia

glucose 6 phosphatase catalase Ophospholipase C Question 30 1 point Listen Saved Which of the following organelles produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted by a eukaryotic cell O lysosome O mitochondrion peroxisome

polarizing repolarizing hyperpolarizing threshold Question 26 1 point Saved Listen Dynamic assembly and disassembly of a cytoplasmic microtubule in a cell occurs primarily at its plus end because its minus end is usually anchored to a mitochondrial outer membrane the plasma membrane a microtubule organizing center

ApoE1 ApoE2 ApoE3 ApoE4 Question 18 1 point Saved Listen is a drug that blocks cell division by stabilizing microtubules as a result it is used in the treatment of Vincristine listeriosis Taxol breast cancer

Actin filaments may form each of the following except filament networks O contractile bundles Obranched networks central shaft of flo

are known as growth factors antagonists agonists arrestins Question 6 1 point Saved 40Listen Posttranslational import is Orecycling of receptors by preventing the natural messenger from binding mRNA export from the nucleus uptake of completed polypeptides with special targeting signals into the organelle

If the neuronal membrane was stimulated in the presence of a drug that specifically inhibits sodium channels the membrane would O depolarize for one stimulus but not for a second stimulus depolarize but not repolarize not depolarize become permanently hyperpolarized

Anterograde transport involves endocytotic vesicles fusing with early endosomes flow of vesicles from ER to golgi returns compartment specific proteins to earlier compartments flow of vesicles from golgi to the ER

The resting potential of a particular nerve cell is 66 mV Depolarization of the neuron membrane will shift the membrane potential to 45 mV 80 mV 90 mV 75 mV

Students in a neurobiology laboratory are expected to observe five neuron cultures each of which is preferentially overexpressing one particular type of microtubule associated protein Which of the following phenotypes would best allow the students to identify the Tau overexpressing neurons the neurons that have axons with loosely organized microtubules the neurons that have few to no microtubules in their axons the neurons that have axons with tightly organized microtubules the neurons that have microtubules that are severed multiple times along their lengths in their axons

Which of the following would be correctly described as a juxtacrine signaling A signal that diffuses over long distances from the producing cell A signal that diffuses over short distances from the producing cell A signal that requires physical contact between cells OA signal that acts on the cell that produces it

are required to maintain axons O maintain cell structure O are part of the structure of cilia are required to maintain axons

Which of the following is a lipophilic primary message that crosses the plasma membrane and interacts with a cytosolic receptor O Epinephrine O Estrogen Insulin Thyroxine

Each of the following is a G protein coupled receptor GPCR or type of GPCR except B adrenergic receptors opioid receptors steroid hormone receptors Oolfactory receptors

The endoplasmic reticulum is a site for degradation of foreign material brought into the cell by phagocytosis ON linked glycosylation of polypeptides potassium storage in muscle cells drug detoxification by catalase

Each of the following statements about action potentials is true except O action potentials end with a transient hyperpolarization action potentials change their magnitude from one stimulus to another the action potential cycle has a refractory period action potentials require rapid changes in membrane potential

The vesicles that are anchored to the plasma membrane at a nerve cell presynaptic site are specialized for lysosome secretion polarized secretion constitutive secretion endocytosis

end because it has a higher Tubulin addition happens preferentially at the affinity for tubulin heterodimers GTP hydrolysis acts as a molecular switch to microtubule affinity for addition of heterodimers Ominus increase Oplus increase plus decrease minus decrease

glia the myelin sheath nodes of Ranvier synaptic boutons minate at structures called Question 41 1 point 1 Listen Each of the following is true about Ras except O Ras activity is inhibited by GTPase activating proteins GAPs Ras binds steroid hormones O Ras is monomeric coll

IP3 receptors are associated with O endosome membranes O Golgi apparatus membranes O ER membranes Ja

The technique that can be used to record ion currents passing through individual channels is known as ligand gating voltage gating patch clamping optogenetics

Which of the following organelles produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted by a eukaryotic cell Olysosome mitochondrion Operoxisome Golgi apparatus

An example of a generally inhibitory neurotransmitter is GABA O glutamate O acetylcholine

tes O protein kinase C O protein kinase A O MAPK O protein kinase B

Kinase enzymes always inhibit target molecule activity add phosphate groups O bind tightly by wrapping around a target molecule to regulate its activity remove phosphate groups

The enzyme involved in the breakdown of glycogen in the liver smooth ER is Ophosphodiesterase glucose 6 phosphatase O catalase phospholipase C

is a drug that blocks cell division by stabilizing microtubules as a result it is used in the treatment of Vincristine listeriosis Taxol breast cancer O Nocodazole athlete s foot

Each of the following is a type of glial cells except Platelets oligodendrocytes astrocytes von

Each of the following is an intracellular messenger except IP3 calcium ions O CAMP acetylcholine

The phase at the end of an action potential when the membrane potential becomes more negative than it is at rest is the phase depolarizing Orepolarizing

Generation of an action potential by a neuron may ultimately stimulate another nerve cell skeletal muscle cells gland cells All of the above may be stimulated by a signal

Calcium is stored in the cell in the O lysosome O mitochondria O endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus

The low level of cytosolic calcium ions in unactivated cells is established by which of the following Phosphatases Kinases Calcium ATPases Calmodulin

Compounds that inhibit receptors by preventing the natural messenger from binding are known as growth factors antagonists agonists arrestins

The parts of the graph indicated between points C and E represent Membrane potential 40mV 40mV 60mV Stimulus hyperpolarization depolarization repolarization sodium channel activity B 0 for 1 2 Time msec 73 4

Plasma membrane permeability of which of the following ions is most important in generating the resting membrane potential Chloride ions Calcium ions Potassium ions Ammonium lons

Drug detoxification by hydroxylation transiently increases intracellular Ca activities a second messenger leads to phagosome formation increases solubility of drugs enhancing their excretion

The variant of Apolipoprotein E ApoE associated with increased risk of Alzheimer s disease is O ApoE1 O ApoE2 O ApoE3 ApoE4

recycling of receptors mRNA export from the nucleus uptake of completed polypeptides with special targeting signals into the organelle bringing nutrients into the cell

A researcher extracts the cytosol and cytoskeletal components from the cell and places the mixture into a tube What result do you expect if the researcher adds a nonhydrolyzable GTP analog to the mixture in vitro O overstabilization of all polymerized microtubules present in the tube destabilization of all polymerized microfilaments present in the tube overstabilization of all polymerized microfilaments present in the tube O destabilization of all polymerized microtubules present in the tube

Memantine a drug used in management of Alzheimer s disease is antioxidant a cholinesterase Inhibitor an NMDA antagonist Serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Stormy husky brawling City of the Big Shoulders They tell me you are wicked and I believe them for I have seen your painted women under the gas lamps luring the farm boys And they tell me you are crooked and I answer Yes it is true I have seen the gunman kill and go free to kill again And they tell me you are brutal and my reply is On the faces of women and children I have seen the marks of wanton hunger And having answered so I turn once more to those who sneer at this my city and I give them back the sneer and say to them Come and show me another city with lifted head singing so proud to be alive and coarse and strong and cunning Flinging magnetic curses amid the toil of piling job on job here is a tall bold slugger set vivid against the little soft cities Fierce as a dog with tongue lapping for action cunning as a savage pitted against the wilderness Bareheaded Shoveling Wrecking Planning Building breaking rebuilding Under the smoke dust all over his mouth laughing with white teeth Under the terrible burden of destiny laughing as a young man laughs Laughing even as an ignorant fighter laughs who has never lost a battle Bragging and laughing that under his wrist is the pulse and under his ribs the heart of the people Laughing Laughing the stormy husky brawling laughter of Youth half naked sweating proud to be Hog Butcher Tool

2 Write the CODON that corresponds with each amino acid There may be more than one The full names are written but the codon chart only shows the first three letters proline valine histidine 3 A single codon is used to signal the beginning of protein synthesis It is commonly called the START CODON Locate the start codon on the chart What are the three bases of this codon 4 There are three codons that signal the end of synthesis these are called STOP codons What are the three stop codons 5 For each sequence of DNA is shown Write the complementary RNA sequence underneath the letters then use the codon chart to determine the amino acid sequence NATAC CAT GGA ATT ACT RNA Amino Acids glycine phenylalanine arginine DNA RNA Amino Acids TTC AAT GGT CTA GGG

step in this process is called TRANSCRIPTION where a coding region of DNA is converted to messenger RNA mRNA During transcription mRNA is made from the DNA sequence following the base pair rule except RNA does not contain the base Thymine but instead has Uracil The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cell s cytoplasm The ribosome reads the message three bases at a time called a CODON Each codon will specify a single amino acid The amino acids are joined together and folded into a protein a process called TRANSLATION Key Points DNA is used to make a copy of mRNA transcription mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to ribosomes 3 bases codon 1 codon a single amino acid A chain of amino acids a protein Protein synthesis is also called translation Biologists use a codon chart or a codon wheel to determine the amino acids Amino acids are usually abbreviated on these charts as three letter words like Cys and Ser First base in codon U C G UUU UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG AUU UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU AUC lle ACC AUA ACA AUG ACG GUU GCU GUC GCC GUA GCA GUG GCG Phe Leu Leu Met of start Second base in codon C A Val Ser Pro Thr Ala UAU U UAC Tyr C UAA Stop UGA Stop A UAG Stop UGG Trp G CGU CAU CAC CAA CAG AAU AAC AAA AAG GAU GAC GAA GAG His Gin Asn Lys UGU UGC Asp Glu Cys 3 CGC CGA CGG AGU AGC AGA AGG Arg GGU GGC GGA GGG Arg Ser Gly C GUCAG U A G Third base in codon Val Ala Ser G 10 G Arg A Lys Asp A 24 OP GU Asn A Cu Glu UC U C G Gly Phe Leu UA U G C G C Thr GA A A Met Start CU C GU GU A C UG 110 2 PO UA GACGC C 2 A Arg C A A A G C Ser G 2 U 15 UC Gin 2109342 Tyr His PG SONA C So UC G Stop Stop G Trp Stop Cys Pro Leu