Evolution Questions and Answers

In a population with two alleles Fand f the frequency of the Fallele is 0 3 What is the expected frequency of heterozygotes if the population is not evolving a 0 49 O b 0 42 OC 0 09 O d 0 21

Populations exhibit clumped distributions because a the environment is beneficial for growth Ob it puts potential mates within close range c it provides safety and opportunities for teamwork d all of the above

Batesian mimicry is a defence mechanism where a colouration warns predators that the prey has very effective chemical defences Ob an organism blends into their environment essentially hiding from predators c an organism will turn and fight a predator when cornered d a palatable organism is similar in colouration and markings to an unpalatable one

A high population density puts a population at risk for Competition Disease Accumulation of toxic waste All of the above

Population size is generally influenced by Death Rate Birth Rate O Immigration and Emigration All of the above

Homo naledi a recently discovered hominin from South Africa may have been both as recent as 250 000 years ago as well as the first to Ouse fire O deposit their dead Cwalk upright hunt game DETA P CATE ANIM DEEL THAK MICHAE MUNICI BERMIN HUNT HOM

Give an example of both convergent and divergent evolution.

How are molecular clocks used to measure evolutionary time?

Stanley Miller was the first to show that A amino acids and other organic molecules could have formed under conditions thought to resemble those of early Earth. B the earliest forms of life were photosynthetic rather than heterotrophic (obtaining energy from organic sources). RNA spontaneously assembles from C) inorganic precursor; thus the earliest forms of life had an RNA genome.

The author of Passage 2 suggests that environmental scientists compromise their credibility when they disguise their personal opinions as scientific consensus gather the opinions of their fellow scientists make public announcements

Explain how a cladogram is used to show evolutionary relatedness.

Explain the difference between convergent and divergent evolution.

Which of the following provides evidence that vertebrates evolved from a common ancestor? Anatomical homologies Homologies in development and embryology Genetic homologies in DNA Biochemical homologies in proteins and others All of the other answers are correct

Precambrian time is much larger than the other eras of the geologic time scale. Earth's water, oxygen, and first living organisms originated during this time period. Why do you think it is so much larger than the other eras of the geologic time scale?

How can there be so many similarities between organisms, but also so many different types of plants, animals, and microorganisms?

Explain how animal limbs, such as wings of a butterfly and a bird, developed similar functions but with different internal structures.

Which of the following are primate characteristics (select all that apply)? long life history nails instead of claws on most digits side-ways facing eyes grasping hands & feet homodont dentition post-orbital bar/closure very small brain sizes

The hypothesis that evolution occurs in "spurts" through geologic time is known as A. punctuated equilibrium. B. directional equilibrium. C. directional evolution. D. punctuated evolution.

Why are humans most likely to form communities? A. To maintain codes of civil human conduct B. To understand human group behavior C. To fulfill human needs by working together D. To safeguard human language and culture

Because of humans and/or climate change, biologists think we may be on our way to the ______ mass extinction on Earth. A. 1st B. 129th C. 6th

Which of the following demonstrates the strongest evidence for reproductive isolation between two populations? A, allopatric distribution B, a lack of demonstrable gene flow between two sympatric populations C. sympatric distribution with considerable gene flow between the two populations D. the inability of a hybrid to reproduce E, the occurrence of considerable crossing over during meiosis

Which of the following is NOT a pre-mating isolating mechanism of speciation? 1. Two populations of a species splitting into separate habitats 3.75 points Save Answer 2. Each of two populations of a species start to carry different odors which are offensive to members of the other population. 3. Two populations of one species have evolved separately for generations, but when they are allowed to mingle again, the sperm of one population can no longer penetrate the eggs of the other population. 4. Two fly populations engage in mating behaviors at different times and thus are unlikely to mate with each other.

If you were a field biologist, and knowing nothing else, you observed a parasite feeding on the body of a larger organism. This singular observation demonstrates co-evolution. True False

Overall, when we consider the number of animal families over time, the trend since the Cambrian until today has been for that number to increase decrease remain constant

Long-term patterns of evolution that lead to speciation are known as: A. microevolution B. macroevolution C. creationism D. equilibrium

Which of the following terms describes a diversification of species where unoccupied ecological niches are occupied and many new taxa (clades) evolve and further diversify producing a rise in the number of species over time. Extinction Adaptive radiation Replacement event

In the case of cichlid fishes' adaptive radiations in separate African Great Lakes, the fact that the same forms have developed separately as a result of these adaptive radiations means that this parallel evolution often leads to Homologous structures Convergent evolution Evolutionary reversal allopatric speciation

Which of the following are requirements for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium to persist in a population? A. no mutation can occur B. no immigration can take place C. unlimited population size must always be present D. All of the above

Which of the following is a misconception about Evolution? Biological evolution involves change within a population Natural Selection can be a cause for Evolution Evolution violates the second law of thermodynamics. All of the above

A population of toads have been happily living in an isolated swamp for the past hundred years. Scientists have decided to test whether or not this particular specie is limited to only inhabiting this particular ecosystem. After transplantation to a moss-covered forest nearby the toads seem to be surviving and reproducing readily Which of the following could explain why these toads have never before inhabited the forest? The mobility of the toads and insufficient time did not allow the species to ever encounter this ecosystem. There is a large geographical barrier prevented the toads from leaving the swamp and entering the forest. A predator that once preyed upon toads in this forest has now become extinct. All of the above are possible

Other than natural disasters and large losses of individuals, how could a certain allele be lost from a population? A. having a large older generation B. individuals dying or not reproducing C. the introduction of a new allele

The Earth first cooled to form solid rock... 6.5 billion years ago 4.5 billion years ago 3.8 billion years ago 3.5 billion years ago

Genetic diversity is is increased by which of the following? Bottleneck Effect Mutation Founder Effect Genetic Drift

Which of the following expanded on to land first? Vertebrates Invertebrates

The best fossilization should occurin what type of environment? A Forest A Riverside A Mountain top A Desert

Dominant and __________ mutations which are beneficial to fitness take the least time to reach fixation within a population. Additive mutations Recessive mutations Frameshift mutations Substitution Mutations (SNPs)

Both Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace discovered their ideas on Natural Selection by studying creatures which evolved on islands. True False

Which of the following periods ended with the so-called K-T (65 million years ago) which was responsible for the extinction of almost all Dinosaurs? Ordovician Silurian Permian Cretaceous

he Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model states that genotype and allele frequencies for a certain allele will remain constant from one generation to the next.. A. only when the allele is dominant B. only when the allele is recessive C. under any conditions D. under limits and conditions

Monsanto's roundup herbicide has been successful in eliminating all weeds and plants which are not the intended, genetically-engineered, roundup resistant crops (for example: corn) from the fields where the intended crops are grown. True False

The level of heritability and the level of selection on a population are both factors which influence The level of genetic drift in the population The level of genetic variability in the population The relationship between genotype and phenotype in the population The evolutionary response of that population to that selective pressure.

Which of the following early naturalists was the first to observe that different layers of sediment (strata) contain distinct groups of fossils? William Smith Georges Buffon Carl Linnaeus Nicholas Steno

Alexey Kondrashov's deleterious mutation hypothesis suggests that _________ is selectively advantageous because it allows deleterious mutations to be dropped out of a population. balancing selection sexual reproduction disruptive selection asexual reproduction

If you contract the disease Malaria from a mosquito bite, chances are you will get sick and die. Those people who are homozygous dominant for this gene (having two copies of the normal / non sickle-cell allele) will get Malaria from such a Malaria carrying mosquito bite, and likely die. Those people that carry two copies of the sickle-cell allele are likely to die young (before having children of their own) because they will experience the sickle cell disease which causes massive vascular failure when their blood oxygen gets lowered, (as it does during strenuous exercise). In parts of the world which have high levels of malaria, (equatorial regions) this recessive, sickle-cell allele experiences selection because individuals who are heterozygous for it (carriers) won't get Malaria when bitten by a maria carrying mosquito (they are resistant to it), but also do not experience the sickle-cell disease (vascular failure as a result of low blood oxygen). Directional selection Stabilizing Selection Disruptive selection Additive selection

When Darwin returned to England from his voyage aboard the HMS Beagle, he immediately published his book The Origin of Species to beat his competitor Alfred Vallace propose his theoroy of Evolution by means of natural selection. True False

Humans, Seals, and bats all have an upper pair of appendages (arms) which contain a first bone projecting from a shoulder/thoracic cage called the humerus, a pair of bones called the radius and ulna following a joint with the humerous. Extending from the joint where the radius and ulna meet extend metacarpals and then phlanges (fingers). The fact that this bone arrangement is similar among these three types of mammals suggests that these features are.... Convergent/Analogous Homoplasies Homologous Reversals

As Giraffes were evolving, those which could reach leaves higher in trees had a selective advantage, thus eventually the population developed longer necks. This form of selection is an example of: A. divergent selection B. stabilizing selection C. directional selection D. more than one of the above

The global human population has a doubling time of 35 years. Calculate the growth rate. Growth rate = 70/doubling time A. 3.5% B. 7% C. 5% D. 2%

4 points Gluten is a blend of proteins found in wheat, one of the primary products of the Agricultural Revolution which began over 10,000 years ago and that has brought humanity to its current population size. Suppose a particular mutation in gene X confers the ability to tolerate Gluten and thus provided an advantage to populations which had this mutation in their ability to pop the world. What would you expect to find when you look at this mutation and the DNA close to it on that chromosome which contains it in people who have the mutation? A common and large section of DNA surrounding the mutation will be found in populations which are gluten tolerant, whereas no such common section can be found for those who a not.gluten tolerant. Those who do and don't have the mutation will each have their respective large sections of DNA associated with the presence or the absence of the mutation, respectively. Every human is different genetically and so no associations can be found between individual mutations and the surrounding DNA in populations which are experiencing such Selective The individuals which have the mutation will be highly variable in the DNA region surrounding the gluten mutation as a result of the selective force on the mutation.

The evolution of the venomous bite known to be so common among venomous snakes represents... A single mutation which resulted in a massive evolutionary leap forward A complex adaptation An adaptation which had already been fully assembled in lizards before snakes evolved, which required no further modification An anomaly which can only be explained via a massive insertion of at least forty fully formed genes simultaneously into the genome of the common ancesto source outside of but concurrent with the common ancestral population itself.