Evolution Questions and Answers

In the case of the Gallfly which lays its eggs into the stems of Goldenrod Plants, what type of selection is taking place as both galls which are too large and too small are both selected against? Directional Selection Diversifying Selection Stabilizing Selection

Which of the following pieces of DNA is most likely to be under a regular (although random) predictable rate of mutation, and can be used to compare to other such regions in its own genome and to such segments of DNA in the genomes of other members of its species (or even closely related species) in order to estimate coalescense/TMRCA? Segments under Neutral selection (little or no selection acting on them) Segments under Positive selection (that increase fitness) Segments under Negative Selection (which lower fitness) None of the above

How does the presence of vestigial structures support evolution? A. It shows that all organisms have similar body plans. B. It shows that organisms have descended with modifications over time. C. It shows that DNA is the molecule of life.

What is a scientific definition for evolution? A. how modern organisms descended from older organisms B. a group of organisms that live together and can reproduce together C. something based on evidence and repeated experiments that can predict the outcome of a phenomena D. a small change to a single organism in its lifetime

Mortality is lowest during the young stages for type III type IV type II type I survivorship curve

The concept of dysfunction is associated with which ONE of the following? (a) Talcott Parsons (b) Robert Merton (c) Emile Durkheim (d) Karl Marx

3. Which ONE of the following do Connell and Messerschmidt say refers to a dominant male gender identity that defines what it means to be a 'real man', and which may encourage some men to turn to crime? (a) Dominant masculinity (b) Subordinate masculinity (c) Hegemonic masculinity (d) Assertive masculinity

In a population of cats, the gene for spotted fur has two alleles. The dominant allele leads to spotted fur, and the recessive allele leads to solid-colored fur. Genetic tests on this population show that the percentage of the recessive allele is 0.52. What is the percentage of the dominant allele?

In Atapuerca 5, early archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertal specimens show heavy wear on the incisors and canines, indicating the use of the front teeth for gripping materials. the chewing of massive amounts of fibrous materials. their use for shaping the cutting edges of stone blades. the purposeful modification of teeth to demonstrate social rank, as with the Aztecs.

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have a. the greatest number of offspring. b. characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse. c. characteristics that plant and animal breeders value. d. variations best suited to environmental conditions.

Each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur EXCEPT a. fitness varies among individuals. b. more offspring are born than can survive. c. there is heritable variation among members of the population. d. population size is very large.

Suppose a drought caused the local extinction of all insects, slugs and clams. This allowed the drought-resistant "deep stick bug" to grow in their absence, which lives 12 centimeters underground. Using your knowledge of the steps of natural selection and the beak variations used in this lab, explain how the change in the environment would affect the populations of birds.

What are four large-scale evolutionary patterns? Gradualistic evolution, anagenesis, gene flow, genetic drift Anagenesis, gradualistic evolution, cladogenesis, statis Cladogenesis, anagenesis, statis, mutation Natural selection, anagenesis, mutation, cladogenesis

In the lake, there is a population of 2000 fish. There are 3 color varieties of fish. The color is determined through incomplete dominance from 2 alleles (B and Y). The BB genotype has a blue phenotype. The BY genotype has a green phenotype. The YY genotype has a yellow phenotype. The population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There are 20 yellow fish. What is the frequency of the B allele?

Bats are mammals which have wings and can fly like birds. What would be the BEST argument for placing these organisms in separate branches of a cladogram? Bats and birds have many derived characteristics other than the presence of wings. Bats' wings and birds' wings are examples of structural adaptations to a common environment. Bats' wings and birds' wings are an example of convergent evolution. Bats' wings and birds' wings are homologous structures.

Roly-poly bugs, or pill bugs are not bugs at all but are Crustaceans. Why are they in this group when most crustaceans are found in water and the pill bugs are on land? Pill bugs possess chelicerae Pill bugs are excellent swimmers Pill bugs use gills for breathing Pill bugs have an incomplete metamorphosis

Which of the following is an example of evolutionary adaptation, rather than physiological acclimation? The appearance of goose bumps when a human is exposed to cold temperature. The tanning of a person's skin over the summer months. The increase in muscle size that occurs in people after several weeks of lifting weights. The ability of some people to digest lactose, the sugar in milk, throughout their lives. The growth & development of new brain cells that occurs when you study biology.

If the newly-founded, island population of moths in your GENETIC DRIFT Lab simulation contains 30 (BB) black, 12 (Bb) grey, & 3 (bb) white moths, what is the frequency of the white allele (%b alleles) for the moth-coloration gene in the population? 7% 10% 13% 17% 20%

Although populations of living organisms on islands tend to be isolated from those on the mainland, there may occasionally be some gene flow between them. Gene flow between two distantly-located populations will cause the traits & genes of individuals in the two populations to _ over time. diverge mutate converge better adapt to their respective habitats change randomly due to genetic drift

Despite the "blonds have more fun" myth, human hair color does NOT affect an individual's survival or reproduction in any way. Thus, although it is evolving by all of the other forces, the evolution of human hair color is NOT being driven by the process of natural selection mutation Ogenetic drift gene flow None of the above; ALL of the forces above must be driving the evolution of human hair color.

If the frequency of the black allele ( %B allele) for the moth-coloration gene in the newly-founded, island population of moths in your GENETIC DRIFT Lab simulation was 78%, what was the frequency of the white allele (%b allele) in that same population at the same time? 19.5% 22% 39% 78% Impossible to determine from the limited information given.

Different species of cicadas (insects) have life cycles of different lengths: the eggs of one species hatch out of the ground every 3 years, in another every 7 years, & in another every 17 years! This is an example of what type of reproductive isolation/barrier? Habitat gametic Behavioral temporal mechanical

If one of these factors is present there will not be a stable Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and evolution will occur a. sexual selection b. no mutation c. non random mating d. a very large population e. no gene flow (no immigration nor emigration)

If the moth population in your simulation of natural selection contained 10 black moths (BB), 18 grey moths (Bb). & 17 white moths (bb), how many total copies of the black allele (B) would this population of 45 moths be carrying? (Remember: moths are diploid, so each moth carries two alleles for each gene.) 20 19 36 38 28

The evolution of greater pesticide resistance in an insect population in response to the application of a chemical pesticide treatment is an example of: directional selection stabilizing selection disruptive selection genetic drift sexual selection

In response to selective predation in a WHITE habitat/background, the frequency (percentage) of the b (white) allele in the simulated moth population in this week's NATURAL SELECTION Lab Activity ____________ over the generations, while that of the B (black) allele ____________ Thus, the simulated moth population did indeed EVOLVE. decreased; increased decreased; decreased increased; decreased increased; increased did not change; did not change

What does a p-value of .064 mean? An extraneous variable did not influence the results The results are statistically significant There is a 6.4% chance the results are caused by the IV There is a .064% chance the results are caused by chance and not the IV

Fossils from the Avalon Explosion have been recovered from which of the following localities? Burgess Shale in Canada. Ediacaran Hills of Australia The Chengjiang lagerstatte in Yunnan Province, China Winter Coast of Russia None of these places is correct

The first known hominin species to leave Africa was Homo sapiens Homo erectus Homo habilis Australopithecus afarensis Homo neanderthalensis

The individual, informally known as Turkana boy: lived in Kenya about 1.5 million years ago died at age 65 had a small brain was extremely tall

The transition to a _______ climate is thought to have benefits plants that reproduced using ______ and enabled the evolution of Gymnosperms & Angiosperms wetter/seeds cooler/seeds wetter/spores drier/seeds drier/spores warmer/seeds

A 2013 investigation found "worrisome" amounts of _____ in 97% of the chicken meat in stores across the United States. bacteria antibiotics viruses vancomycin DNA

A huge reduction in population size that can reduce a population's genetic diversity is called a Founder effect Gene flow Population bottleneck Fixed allele

Which type of reproductive isolation occurs when there are differences in the size or shape of reproductive parts that may prevent interbreeding? Ecological isolation Temporal isolation Behavioral isolation Mechanical isolation

With the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, multiple niches that the dinosaurs once filled opened up and allowed mammals the opportunity to evolve and exploit those niches. This is an example of sympatric speciation adaptive radiation phylogeny reproductive isolation phylogenetic isolation

A major change in evolutionary patterns over long periods of time is best described as macroevolution microevolution allopatric speciation directional selection sympatric speciation

Drag and drop the scientist to their appropriate column. Supported Spontaneous Generation Did not Support Spontaneous Generation Jan Baptista van Helmont Lazzaro Spallanzani Aristotle Francesco Redi Louis Pasteur John Needham

Compared to the control islands, on the experimental islands, a [Select] survived, and a [Select] number of anoles from the initial populations proportion of survivors were found primarily on the ground.

Match the following descriptions with the criteria of Darwin's mechanism of natural selection that it best fits. Within a population, individuals have slightly different traits More offspring can be produced than can survive to reproductive maturity Organisms with the strongest traits for their environment are most likely to have offspring (that often share the parental trait). Individuals must compete with each other for density-dependent resources. Overproduction Natural Variation Struggle to Survive Differential Reproduction

The process by which a population becomes better suited to its environment is known as adaptation. accommodation. variation. acclimation.

Which of the following is the collection of life's remains found mainly in sedimentary rock layers? homologous structures vestigial structures DNA sequences the fossil record

Which of the following is most likely a vestigial structure? the beak of a finch flower color the human tailbone a fossil of a snail

Which type of selection is described in the graph below? Disruptive Selection Stabilizing Selection Artificial Selection Directional Selection

Which of these is a correct statement about the volutionary relationship between a bacterium like Staphylococcus aureus and one of the great apes like Homo sapiens? Bacteria and humans both descended from a common ancestor. Bacteria descended from humans. Humans share a common ancestor with bacteria more recently than we do with Fungi. Humans descended from bacteria.

Butterfly wings and bats wings are an example of this type of structure where they have the same external function to fly, but a different internal setup. Vestigial structure Functional adaptation Homologous structure Analogous structure

Light-colored oysters would blend into rocks in the shallows, and the darkest would blend better into shadows. The ones in the intermediate range make them easier prey. This is an example of which type of selection. directional sexual disruptive stablilizing

Species 1 and Species 2 pictured here are both referred to as crabs because of their similar body plan: they have a short tail region and a wide head/body region (the cephalothorax). However, both evolved their crab-like bodies long after they split from their last common ancestor, which probably looked more like your typical lobster. This evidence suggests that the crab-like body found in each of these species is an example of: A. divergent evolution B. convergent evolution C. homologous structures D. vestigial structures E artifcial selection

Some apple maggot flies lay their eggs on hawthorn tree fruit, while other apple maggot flies lay their eggs on apples. Flies tend to lay eggs on the same fruit they hatched on and mate with other flies that hatched on the same fruit they did. If genetic differences over many generations cause these populations to become separate species, what type of speciation would this be? A. Peripatric speciation B. Parapatric speciation C. Allopatric speciation D. Sympatric speciation

Based on the information provided on each community, match each community to the system of government that would best meet each community's needs. Steele Fields Smithville Happy Valley a.religious oligarchy b. democratic republic C. military dictatorship

What is the most likely reason Andrew Carnegie had libraries built? A He wanted to make more buildings from steel. B He wanted to share his book collecti with the public. C) He wanted to have places for people to learn new things. D He wanted to impress his friends and family.