Evolution Questions and Answers

Choose all the answers that apply. Microevolution: includes evolution at the population and community level refers to evolution at or below the species level is based on direct observation studies evolution above the species level. analyzes the history of life over time

A mutation is a defect in the function of a cell. a change in a protein. a creation of an abnormal characteristic. a change in the trait of individual. a change in an organism's DNA sequence.

How did the Grants test their hypothesis that differences in birds' songs can keep finches from breeding with members of other species? They played the song of the medium ground finch to medium ground finch males through a loudspeaker to see if they would respond; they then played the song of the cactus finch to cactus finch males to see if they would respond. They played the songs of medium ground finches and cactus finches through a loudspeaker at different times, when individuals from both species were present, to see which species responded to each song. They recorded birds singing on the island of Daphne Major for an entire breeding season to see which type of song was used more often by each species. They watched which birds were mating with each other and listened for the songs the birds were singing.

Based on your observations regarding beak depth and wing length, predict what might happen to body mass in the medium ground finch population over a few generations if small, soft seeds became abundant again after the drought ended in 1978. If small, soft seeds become abundant again on Daphne Major, body mass will likely not change If small, soft seeds become abundant again on Daphne Major, body mass will likely increase over a few generations If small, soft seeds become abundant again on Daphne Major, body mass will likely decrease over a few generations

Different finch species have beaks of different shapes and sizes. These different beak structures are evidence of different finch species with different beak structures coming to the Galápagos Islands from the mainland. individual birds changing their beak characteristics so that they could feed efficiently. different finch populations being evolutionarily related. different finch species adapting to different environments over many generations.

Why is evolution considered to be a scientific THEORY? It is not true. It cannot be tested. Its ideas are supported by facts and inference. It is not accepted by the scientific community.

The Powhatan were significant because they A. made an alliance with John Smith and provided colonists with food. B. invaded and burned Jamestown down during Bacon's rebellion. C. taught colonists how to grow tobacco in 1610. D. helped prevent the spread of disease in Jamestown.

Which best describes biogeographic isolation? It always leads to the formation of new species. It cannot lead to evolution. It is a mechanism for evolution. It occurs only through geographic forces.

In the early 17th century, a small puritan population moved from the south of England to the island called Martha's Vineyard. The deaf man, Jonathan Lambert was among the early colonists of Martha's Vineyard. He was homozygous for a rare recessive allele that led to deafness. By the mid 1800's 1 in 155 people was deaf on Martha's Vineyard. In one town called Chilmark, 1 in 25 people were deaf. In the rest of the United States, there was 1 deaf person in 5728. Deafness became an accepted part of life on Martha's Vineyard, it did not impact survival or reproductive success, and the Martha's Vineyard Sign Language was used by both deaf and hearing people. In the late 1800's people on Martha's Vineyard began marrying mainlanders and having children. By 1952, the last deaf person carrying this deafness allele died, and the rate of deafness was the same on Martha's Vineyard as the rest of the United States. Pick two concepts below to describe why the frequency of deafness became so high on Martha's Vineyard. Underline these specific concepts. genetic drift founder effect natural selection mutation genetic bottleneck migration

When Mendel crossed tall and short parental plants the first generation were all tall. the first generation turned blue. the first generation were all short. the first generation were medium height.

In each blank write the type of scientist (geologist, oceanographer, meteorologist, or astronomer) you would expect to find doing each of the following activities. __1. Taking seismic measurements of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines. __2. Working for an oil exploration company in the Gulf of Mexico. __3. Using information to predict where a hurricane may happen. __4. Helping farmers with estimates of rainfall for next years' crops. __5. Assisting with the prediction of solar flares. What are some other work scenarios for: Oceanographers: Meteorologists: Ammjdsfnhfuhfefh Astronomers: Geologists:

The skull called "Bodo" found 500,000 years ago is an anomaly that prevents any conclusions from being formed. is an intermediate, belongs to a human. belongs to an ape.

Column A __6. organisms best suited to the environment pass these to their offspring __7. location visited by Charles Darwin in 1835 __8. to breed together __9. birds studied by Darwin on his travels __10. a sudden change in an organism's genes Column B A finches. B Galápagos Islands C genes D interbreed E mutation

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a birth defect that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to build up in the body. The frequency of individuals born in a population with PKU is q2. There is one PKU (q2) birth per 10,000 births. The frequency of the recessive allele for PKU in this population is q=0.01. The frequency of the dominant allele in this population is p = 1 q=0.99. What is the frequency of carriers (2pq) in this population? 4% 2% 1% 3%

What sort of scientific evidence could scientists produce that would support the idea that the relative darkness or lightness of the pigmentation of fungi is caused by thermal melanism? Observe a correlation between latitude and mushroom color such that lighter species are found more commonly in lower latitudes and darker species in higher latitudes. Observe a variable species and determine if it produces lighter mushrooms in warmer places. Search for fossil fungi from different regions and compare the climate of the region to the fungus fossil... Experimentally show that darker fungi absorb more heat from irradiation with light than light colored fungi. Determine the genetics of the pigment production in fungi.

Check all of the statements that correctly describe what is known about the evolution of feathers. Check All That Apply U Fossil evidence suggests that feathers evolved in the theropod lineage. Feathers were probably used by most dinosaurs in this lineage for functions other t fight, for example, thermoregulation, cryptic functions, or courtship. Feathers were probably never used by theropod dinosaurs for fight or gliding as no dinosaur fossils have been discovered showing asymmetrical feathers Archaeopteryx is an early bird, whose fossils suggest at least gliding fight Within the theropod lineage, only the birds have clavicles fused into a furcule-a requirement for powered fight

What needs to happen and when in order to establish this inheritance pattern? Choose all that apply: pts deducted for including incorrect responses. de novo methylation occurs in one of the sexes depending on regulation in the ICR methylation is removed during gametogenesis in either the male or the female but not both methylation is removed during gametogenesis in both sexes maintenance methylation occurs in both sexes depending on regulation in the ICR

What is the primary justification of the hypothesis that the early Earth environment was void of oxygen? A.Data showing the concentrations of gases extracted from rocks B.Fossil evidence regarding the origin of eukaryotes C.Generally accepted atmospheric conditions D.Molecular evidence based on evolutionary traits

Cladograms represent hypotheses of relatedness based on evidence. When cladograms are constructed from molecular evidence, scientists must examine genes to determine placement. What key factor should scientists look for when determining relatedness between species using this type of evidence? A. Biochemical pathways B. Mutations to homologous genes C.The pattern of embryological development D.Morphology

Fossil footprint of a bipedal species in Tanzania revealed that the walkers' feet had a pronounced arch and a big toe in line with the other toes. This is an indication of: hands and feet capable of grasping large brain for their body size touch-sensitive pads protected by flattened nails adaptations to upright walking

Over evolutionary time, flowering plants have evolved colors, odors, and nectar that attract pollinating insects and the insects have evolved mechanisms that detect the changes in plants and to better collect pollen. This is an example of allopatric speciation phylogenetic change coevolution a key innovation sympatric speciation

What is the mechanism/driving force behind evolution? gravity the constant drive in all living things to become more intelligent natural selection the competitive exclusion principle

3.3 of these choices were reasons why Americans moved to Oregon territory. Name one that doesn't belong. * Free and/or very cheap land. Land was easily farmable. They went for gold. They wanted to be their own boss.

Senescence is seen when animals have reduced fitness at the end of their life. True False

Which of the following is NOT required for natural selection? Organisms differ in their fitness biodiversity Organisms struggle to exist Organisms vary in their traits Organisms acquire their characteristics under environmental pressure

Match the evidence for evolution with its example. Answers can be more than once. The human knee bone and spine were derived from ancestral structures that supported four- legged animals. The genetic code is the same for all organisms. The South American continent lacks rabbits, even though the environment is quite suitable. The amino acid sequence of human hemoglobin is more similar to that of rhesus monkeys than to that of mice. >

How does homology relate to the theory of evolution? Homology refers to traits that are structurally similar in different organisms, like bat wings and human arms, because they each were inherited from a shared common ancestor with those traits; the theory of evolution provides a mechanism for those observations. Homology refers to traits that have converged on a shared form; the theory of evolution provides a mechanism for those observations. Homology refers to traits that only superficially look alike, like bat wings and human arms; the theory of evolution cannot explain these similarities. Homology refers to traits that look alike but have entirely different origins, like the fins of dolphins and of fish; the theory of evolution cannot explain the origins.

Which of the following terms describes single "branches in the tree of life, where each represents an organism and all of its descendants? nodes polytomy clades characters phylogeny

Scientists believe that the re-creation of the origin of life in the laboratory would provide important clues to how life began on Earth. Which of these steps in the experimental design would best explain the origin of life? (1 point) the destruction of molecules to form new gases the growth of plants from ancient forms of viruses the creation of multiplying organisms from molecules the breakdown of fossils to create plant-like structures

According to the theory of plate tectonics, plates interact at plate boundaries by reflecting each other, moving away from each other, or sliding past each other. True False

Moths can show Natural Selection if the colour of their tree changes colour. An example of this is when the white lichen on the bark of their preferred trees turned black due to pollution from factories. Describe the process for moths. How long can it take for punctuated evolution?

An error in genetic information present in a body cell of a mammal would most likely produce (1) rapid evolution of the organism in which the cell is found (2) a mutation that will affect the synthesis of a certain protein in the cell (3) an adaptation that will be passed on to other types of cells (4) increased variation in the type of organelles present in the cell

One difference between plant and animal cells is that animal cells do not have (1) a nucleus (2) chloroplasts (3) a cell membrane (4) centrioles A structure that performs a specialized function within a cell is known as (1) a tissue (2) an organelle (3) an organ (4) a system

What facts or ideas caused Darwin to infer that finches have developed adaptations to their environment? A. The overproduction of offspring. B. The competition for limited resources. C. A beak morphology that matches a variety of seed types. D. Appropriate camouflage suited for the environment.

Without [?], there can be no evolution by [ ]. variation clones weak individuals

What examples did Darwin find that supported his ideas regarding evolution? A. Fossils of complex organisms that were older than fossils of more simple organisms. B. Fossils of simple organisms that were older than fossils of more complex organisms. C. Fossils of humans alongside those of dinosaurs. D. Fossils of simple organisms that were

The ultimate tool to provide evidence for evolution, which Darwin did not have access to, is A. molecular genetics or DNA technology. B. thermocyclers to incubate bacteria. C. air travel. D. the fossil record.

If an isolated population forms by choice, an uncommon genetic trait may become more common due to which phenomenon? A. The Founder Effect B. Migration C. Genetic Disturbance D. The Bottleneck Effect

Natural selection results in Changes in inherited characteristics of a population over time. Survival of organisms that can out-compete other organisms for food, water, and shelter. All of the above

According to the theory of evolution, an individual organism has high fitness if it... has a large number of acquired traits can run long distances without becoming exhausted reproduces more successfully than other individuals

There are a variety of pollinating organisms for flowering plants such as honeybees. In recent years, a form of mite has infected and killed the honeybees in many areas of the country. Since this has happened, the flowering plants with the best chance of survival are those that. grow taller so that the few remaining honeybees will find them. have always attracted many other pollinating insects as well as honeybees. live in an environment with more sun than the other plants.

Which factor most contributed to the United States' entry into World War I? The spread of German pro-war propaganda in the United States The assassination of Austrian archduke Franz Ferdinand Support for the Central powers among German Americans German submarine attacks on commercial shipping

Natural selection is BEST described as working on existing variation of traits to favor those better suited to the organism's environment. causing the death of a significant proportion of the population. able to generate new traits that better suit the species. increasing the perfection of a species. O.driving the species toward an eventual endpoint sometime in the future.

Mark all of the characteristics that apply to Homo habilis. Steep facial slope Small canines Bowl-shaped pelvis Legs longer than arms Big toe in line with stride

Mark all of the characteristics that apply to Australopithecus afarensis Steep facial slope Small canines Bowl-shaped pelvis Legs longer than arms Big toe in line with stride

Mark all of the characteristics that apply to Ardipithecus ramidus. Steep facial slope Small canines Bowl-shaped pelvis Legs longer than arms Big toe in line with stride

Identify the mechanism discussed below. The transfer of genes from one population to another Drives the changes that occur in populations A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene The random change in the frequency of an allele in a population

Mark all of the characteristics that apply to Homo erectus. Steep facial slope Small canines Bowl-shaped pelvis Legs longer than arms Big toe in line with stride

Two populations of organisms are too similar in appearance for scientists to identify them as different biological species based on visual inspection alone. How can scientists determine whether the two populations belong to different species or are simply subpopulations of the same species? Test whether the two populations can thrive if their habitats are swapped. Identify differences in size and structure between the two populations. Observe the two groups for differences in behavior and food choice. Determine whether mixed breeding pairs will produce fertile offspring.

What was the primary purpose of the Law of April 6, 1830? Limited free speech in Texas Abolish the Constitution of 1824 Stop immigration to Texas from the U.S. Make Mexico independent from Spain