Biology Questions

For Questions 12 15 I asked students to draw plots of p frequency of A against time for various scenarios you should practice drawing the plots To enable automated grading here I ask you to fill in the blanks instead In every scenario assume that p is initially 0 9 and that no evolutionary forces are acting other than those indicated in each scenario Indicate the direction of change in p using the words increase decrease or remain constant Indicate the equilibrium value of p as 0 1 or intermediate between 0 and 1 If Mendelian Inheritance is operating in the absence of evolutionary forces p will remain constant At equilibrium p will be intermediate between 0 Mark for Review What s This Question 13 of 23 Selection at the hemoglobin sickle cell anemia locus in a region in Africa where malaria infection is common Here p is the frequency of the normal not sickled allele p will decrease At equilibrium p will be intermediate between C Mark for Review What s This 1 Points Question 14 of 23 1 Points Solection at the hemoglobin sickle cell anemia locus in a region in the United States where malaria infection is nonexistent Here p is the frequency of the normal not sickled allele

Explain how meiosis and fertilization produce genelle var during sexual reproduction

A reliable source about the usefulness of an herbal supplement is likely to be recognizable by all but one of these characteristics Choose the exception The information is in a primary source The information is published in a peer reviewed journal Many reputable references are cited The authors are employed by the manufacturer of the supplement

Questions 8 11 refer to the following situation Ant zombification begins when an Ophiocordyceps fungus shoots spores onto an insect The fungus then takes over the ant s brain and causes it to move to a cool location The fungus then kills the ant when fruiting bodies erupt from the ant s head as in the picture and spread more spores Ants that are heterozygous at the brain power gene are resistant to zombification while both homozygous genotypes are susceptible The table below shows the numbers of ants that survive zombification for each genotype Genotype BB Bb bb ants at birth before zombification 250 400 350 ants after zombification 150 320 70 Q8 What is the absolute fitness of the BB genotype af

this location

Which of the following methods initially identified the circular crater shape at depth in the earth s crust using waves from small explosions to image the subsurface O digging many trenches that exposed layers of sedimentary rock

Of the following which is not one of the types of geologic evidence that supports the notion of an impact Oglass spherules O pieces of the bedrock that the impactor struck O shocked quartz grains large pieces of the impactor itself

Which kinds of sedimentary deposits first helped lead geologists to the general area of the impact crater O breccias pulverized rock O thick dust deposits ancient tsunami tidal wave deposits

This event also marks the boundary between the O Paleozoic and Mesozoic Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleozoic and Cenozoic

The size of the impactor was estimated to be about O 1 km in diameter O 0 1 km in diameter O 10 km in diameter O100 km in diameter

The layer of rock that records this event at most localities in the world is a thin layer of O gravel course sand O clay hone hed la dense layer of fossil bone

The notion that the extinction event was catastrophic was initially triggered because the above fossils show which of the following changes across the boundary most of them become extinct but a few forms survive into the next geologic period they undergo a slow transformation of shape across the boundary reflecting a changing they all become extinct and we haven t seen this form of life since then

Which discovery initially triggered the idea of an impact as responsible for the extinction event O small fragments of meteorite at the proper boundary in geologic time O the presence of a distinct reddish layer of rock at the appropriate place in geologic time O high concentrations of iridium an element rare on earth at the appropriate boundary in geologic time

The extinction event at the above locality is best seen in the fossil record of which groups of organisms land plants fishes dinosaurs foraminifera mammals

The event occurred about Ma means millions of years ago O 2 5 Ma O 543 Ma O251 Ma O 65 Ma

The event that the book focuses on is the mass extinction that marks the end of the Triassic O Cretaceous Tertiary boundary end of the Ordovician Permo Triassic boundary end of the Devonian A

The profession of Walter Alvarez the primary investigator in this project is O geology O astronomy

hree layer branching question tree to guide an issue or investigation of interest to you

Which of the following is NOT true of the epidermis of herbaceous stems Comprised of periderm cells that secrete suberin has a cuticle comprised of cutin is typically one cell thick

Which of the following are NOT true of vascular tissues in herbaceous stems Xylem can be comprised of vessel elements and fibers as well as tracheids and ray cells Phloem is alive at maturity and transports sugars The metabolically active sieve tube members of phloem support the companion cells Xylem transports water and minerals

Collenchyma elongated cells with irregularly reinforced cell walls Parenchyma least common cell type Sclerenchyma alive at maturity responsible for many metabolic functions

39 SSSS 0000 O I 1 Which type of cell division is this How do you know

Figure B 1 Which type of cell division this How do you know 2 What types of cells might this impact on someone s body 3 Why is this abnormal Figure B 45

If you were to create something that stops bacteria from replicating how would it have to be different from creating something that stops human somatic cells from replicating

Figure C 1 Which type of cell division is this How do you know 2 What types of cells might this impact on someone s body 3 Why is this abnormal Figure C I

What name is given to the following reaction sucrose water fructose glucose hydrolysis hydrogenation glycolysis dehydration reaction 1

Unit 5 Vocabulary Matching Introduction to Genetics 1 Situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed 2 Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait 3 Genetic makeup of an organism 4 Term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes 5 Sex cell 6 Having two different alleles for a particular gene 7 One of different forms of a gene 8 Having two identical alleles for a particular gene 9 Physical characteristics of an organism 12 Term used to refer to chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent A Trait B Codominance C Polygenic trait D Gene 10 Structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis 11 Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell 15 Scientific study of heredity 16 Separation of alleles during gamete formation 17 Likelihood that a particular event will occur E Hybrid F Genotype G Haploid H Fertilization I Melosis J Diploid K Genetics 13 Term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes 14 Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis 18 Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits 19 One of Mendel s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes L Punnett square M Phenotype N Principle of dominance O Crossing over P Heterozygous Q Incomplete dominance 20 Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross 21 Gene that has more than two alleles 22 Specific characteristic of an individual 23 Trait controlled by two or more genes R Independent assortment 24 Mendel s second conclusion which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive S Gamete thor allele T Allele U Homozygous V Homologous W Segregation X Multiple allele 25 Process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell Y Probability Z Tetrad

E1 Listen How does RNA differ from DNA ORNA is double stranded DNA is single stranded RNA is a polymer of amino acids DNA sa pomera RNA contains uraci DNA contains the in RNA G pairs with T in DNA Gpals with C int ther

Which sequence shows the steps of the process of s might occur experiment conclusion exploration application question observation experiment analysis prediction exploration hypothesis prediction experiment oration question opinion conclusion hypothesis

Unsaturated fats are missing a fatty acid tail contain only single bonds in their fatty acid t are hydrophilic are typically liquid at room temperature

Tathon the skeletal muscle cells in your st energy to continually contract and power your muscles What organele abundant in skeletal muscle cells mitochondria Golgi apparatus smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum Question 18 1 point Listen fun 1 All of the following are true of ionic bonds EXCEPT Formed between oppositely charged ions the transfer of an electron

Please explain the structure of the following organelles plasma membrane chloroplast nucleus How does the structure relate to its function

Please list the 4 large biological molecules For each molecule identify its monomer and explain its typical structure

ten Please explain the structure of the following organelles plasma membrane chloroplast nucleus How does the structure relate to its function

estion 41 4 Listen Please list the 4 large biological molecules For each molecule identify its monomer and explain its typical structure

Please list and explain the 3 main types of chemical bonds

Problem 2 7 P Figure 2 shows the phylogenetic relationship between a potentially recombinant variant CRF 7 of HIV 1 and the representatives of subtypes B and C These phylogenies were reconstructed from the coding sequences of four HIV genes gag pol env and nef gag B CRF 7 pol C B CRF 7 env B nef B CRF 7 CRF 7 C Figure 2 Phylogenetic relationships between the variant CRF 7 and subtypes B and C of HIV 1 reconstructed from four genes 1 3 P If CRF 7 is indeed a recombinant where on the HIV chromosome i e between which genes are the recombination breakpoints The order of genes in Figure 2 corresponds to their order in the HIV genome 2 4 P If CRF 7 is indeed a recombinant indicate which subtypes likely donated which genes to CRF 7

Problem 1 10 P Figure 1 shows a phylogenetic tree of a small outbreak of bacterial pathogen Colors represent patients from which the samples were drawn Patient 1 Patient 4 Patient 2 Patient 5 Patient 3 Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree of the outbreak 1 1 5 P For each patient identify the MRCA of all their isolates Circle and label it on the tree 2 5 P Infer the transmission chain that most parsimoniously explains this phylogeny

If a fluid has a low viscosity and suddenly releases a small amount of gas let s say CO2 will it explode Hint think of opening a can of soda pop OYes it will explode No it will not explode

Recall What is the difference between magma and lava Magma is melted rock underground and lava is melted rock at the surface Magma is melted rock at the surface and lava is melted rock underground I m confused Aren t they the same thing

Iris lens optic disc fovea iris cornea sclera cornea retina lens Question 10 What is the visual pigment used to capture light in most animals Rhodopsin Melanin Transducin 1 pts

Dopamine Serotonin Acetylcholine Melatonin Question 6 The organ of Corti is associated with which special sense Taste Hearing

Use the terms Larger Smaller or No difference The receptive field of fingertips have a receptive field that is than the receptive field of the shoulder

True O False Question 8 In hearing sound is integrated i e broken down and processed by 1 pt The same side of the brain as where the sound enters ex right ear processed by the right side of the brain The opposite side of the brain where the sound enters ex right ear processed by the left side of the brain Both sides of the brain the time interval between reception allows for directional localization of the incoming sound

The same side of the brain as where the sound enters ex right ear processed by the right side of the brain The opposite side of the brain where the sound enters ex right ear processed by the left side of the brain Both sides of the brain the time interval between reception allows for directional localization of the incoming sound Neural integration of sound in the cerebral cortex is unknown Question 9 For clear vision light must focus on the of the Iris lens optic disc fovea iris cornea sclera cornea 1 pts this is done by changing the shape

What is the visual pigment used to capture light in most animals O Rhodopsin Melanin Transducin Chlorophyll

Body position is monitored by Proprioreceptors Nociceptors Mechanoreceptors

addictive and require larger doses over time O Up regulation of receptors O Down regulation of receptors O They inhibit neurotransmitter release at the synaptic cleft They promote facilitate neurotransmitter release at the synaptic cleft Question 5 The neurotransmitter used for the sense of taste is O Dopamine O Serotonin O Acetylcholine 1 pts

Lateral inhibition Excitatory postsynaptic potentials EPSP s O Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials IPSP s O Receptor field potentials Sensory modality Question 4 O Opiates are painkillers that affect the nociceptor pathways Why would opiates become addictive and require larger doses over time Up regulation of receptors Down regulation of receptors 1 pts They inhibit neurotransmitter release at the synaptic cleft

Plasma membranes in both plants and animals are lipd bilayer structures which conform to the fluid mosaic model of integrated proteins Are there any significant differences between plant and animal plasma membranes No Yes they contain different types of proteins exclusive to their phyla i e there are plant proteins and animal proteins plants don t have proteins found in animals and vice verse Yes the plasma membranes of plants are composed of phospholipid and sterol compounds such as stigmasterol animals are composed of phospholipid and cholesterol The sterol compounds regulate the fluidity of the membrane more makes the membrane more rigid Yes plants do not have transmembrane proteins while animals have both integral and peripheral proteins not found in plants