The Living World Questions and Answers

In a small population of sea lions, a mutation has resulted in large white spots on the normally dark brown animals. Over several generations, the sea lions with white spots have beeh a larger and larger percentage of the population until it seems like almost every sea lion in that small population has white spots. Which of the following options are possible reasons why this could have happened? a. The white spot has provided an adaptive advantage to the sea lions that have that mutation. b. Because it is a small population, genetic drift has selected for the white spot. c. There is no impact on fitness of the white spot, and it has become more common in the population due to genetic drift. d. The white spot is not heritable at all and is only increasing in the population because every new sea lion has a novel mutation in that gene. e. The white spot is being selected for because it will be beneficial at some point in the future. f. Female sea lions with white spots preferentially seek out male sea lions who also have white spots resulting sexual selection.

Malaria is a tropical disease caused by a single-celled parasite. People become infected with malaria when they are bitten by a mosquito carrying the parasite. Infection with the malaria parasite causes health problems, and each year over 200 million people are infected and 1 million die from malaria. To prevent malaria, humans have tried killing the mosquitoes that spread the parasite. In the 1940's, the insecticide DDT was used as it was found to be highly effective at killing mosquitoes. Spraying with DDT killed 99% of mosquitoes and significantly reduced the number of people getting malaria. Soon after the use of DDT, health workers in Africa discovered that mosquito populations had evolved resistance to the insecticide. Each subsequent year of DDT application resulted in fewer exposed mosquitoes dying. By the end of the 1940's DDT was no longer effective in some regions and was replaced with other insecticides. Eventually, mosquitoes evolved resistance to each insecticide used to combat malaria, causing a serious health problem. Which of the following is the best explanation of the process that caused mosquito populations in Africa to become resistant to DDT? a. The mosquitoes evolved resistance to malaria in order to survive. b. Some mosquitoes were naturally resistant to DDT due to variation in the genome of mosquitoes. Since those mosquitoes survived the DDT, they were able to pass on their resistance to their offspring. c. The immune systems of mosquitoes exposed to DDT developed resistance, which was passed onto their offspring. Each generation of mosquitoes had more and more antibodies against DDT. d. DDT caused a much higher rate of mutations in the DNA of mosquitoes. This higher rate of mutation meant that there were more mutants in the DDT resistance gene.

Some speculate that the eye is too complex to have resulted from evolution. Yet, evidence suggests organisms may have had eyes for nearly 500 million years. What might scientists infer about the eyes of ancient organisms? a. Only animals living in the bright sunlight develop eyes because theyneed them and use them. b. Only animals with bones would really be trying to develop useful eyes. c. Eyes would bear no resemblance to how eyes are structured today, and would not be recognized as eyes. d. The eyes of ancient organisms would have some characteristics that are similar to eye found in organisms alive today.

Once sexual reproduction evolves in a lineage, that lineage never goes back to asexual reproduction because sexual reproduction is much more advantageous. True False

Inbreeding (including selfing) in the long term this always leads to negative consequences for the population. True False

What process is most likely responsible for the striking discontinuity of species distributions known as the Wallace Line? a. the evolution and colonization of species on separate land-masses that only later became adjacent b. natural selection at the species level c. convergent evolution d. genetic drift e. different environments and ecologies on either side of the line

Imagine that researchers have sequenced the genomes of two closely related species of grasshopper. One of the species lives in a temperate climate and the other lives in a hotter area. The researchers calculated the dN/dS ratios for a gene that has been associated with a differential ability to handle high temperatures in insects. The calculated dN/dS ratio was 1.5. Which of these statements is most likely to be true about this gene? a. There are more nonsynonymous mutations than synonymous mutations, which implies that the changes have been fixed in the population as a result of positive selection. b. There are more synonymous mutations than nonsynonymous mutations, which implies that any mutations which changed the function of the gene were deleterious and removed via purifying selection. c. The numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations are almost the same, which means that the changes in this gene between these two species are due to genetic drift. d. The gene doesn't have any mutations or differences between the two species.

Using the context of this passage, what is the most accurate definition of "miasma"? A. an uplifting aura B. an oppressive or unpleasant atmosphere C. an all-encompassing desire D. a weak, but persistent nagging "Freedom from Fear" by Aung San Suu Kyi It is not easy for a people conditioned by fear under the iron rule of the principle that might is right to free themselves from the enervating miasma of fear. Yet even under the most crushing state machinery courage rises up again and again, for fear is not the natural state of civilized man.

What are the traits for generation X, Y, and Z?

How can we build stronger community relations and consensus in diverse communities when we have stakeholders representing several generations?

II. Let Us Think About This. Before you answer this activity, remember that a primary source is information that was created at the same time as an event or by a person directly involved in the event while a secondary source gets its information from somewhere else or by a person not directly involved in the event. This time, you will identify what the following scenarios implies. Write P for primary sources and S for secondary sources. 6. My sister leaves a letter she wrote to her best friend on the kitchen table. I want to read it but I don't because I know it's private. What is her letter? 7. At school, we use textbooks to find out about many different people and events. When we use textbooks, what are we using? 8. My friend Tim told me about a book he read that he really liked. He said I should read it too. When Tim talks about the book, what is he? 9. When I was in the province to celebrate our town fiesta, I found old photos which my grandparents explained show how Filipinos celebrate fiestas before. What am I looking at? 10. I am writing a report on Earth and the Sun, and my friend lends me her encyclopedia. What am I using?

Match the following pathogens with their mode of motility, if any. Giardia lamblia Flagella Plasmodium vivax

Compare the pH of milk and vinegar, which one is more acidic? How much is the difference between the pH of these two solutions? How much is the difference between the [H+] hydrogen ion concentration of these two solutions? Show your work.

Compare the pH of the two basic dilutions (0.1 mM & 100 mM NaOH). As the base becomes more diluted, does the pH value increase or decrease? Why?

Which is the correct scientific name of the bacterium that causes tuberculosis? Koch's bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis M. tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis All the options are correct

Explain some ways terrorism has impacted societies around the world.

Discussion Question 3: Describe, in detail, three examples of Study Strategies.

Discussion Question 2: Describe, in detail, three examples of Self-Regulated Learning.

Discussion Question 4: How have theories of learning evolved over time and what are some drawbacks to those theories?

An esker is a smooth, elongate, parallel hill composed of till and formed from ice sheets. is a narrow, sinuous ridge. a steep-sided mound formed from ice-contact. stratified drift a steep-sided mound formed from ice-contact stratified drift.

Glaciers move by the force of gravity basal slip all of the other choices plastic flow meltwater acting as a lubricant

A medial moraine is a rock-strewn plain created as the glacier retreats. an accumulation of debris that forms at the terminus of a glacier. created when two alpine glaciers converge. an accumulation of debris on the side of the glacial till.

The Northern Hemisphere Ice Ages began about ____ years ago. 260 million 260,000 26 million 2.6 million 2,600

Which of the following statements is NOT correct? Glaciers in a main (trunk) valley typically erode more than tributary glaciers, creating hanging valleys Glaciers seldom reach the ocean or seas. Glaciers tend to straighten valleys, removing sharp curves and creating truncated spurs Glaciers widen and deepen valleys, creating U-shaped glacial troughs.

Glaciers affect and are affected by which of the following systems? hydrosphere cryosphere geosphere all of the other choices atmosphere biosphere

Loss of ice at the lower end of the glacier is called the Ozone of wastage advancement Orecession zone of stability ablation

Ice caps cover vast areas of more than 50,000 km². produce floating ice shelves when valley or continental glaciers encounter the sea. occur when glaciers emerge from a steep mountain valley onto broad lowlands completely cover underlying terrain, but much smaller than ice sheets. consist of ice confined to mountain valleys. ice confined to mountain valleys ice confined to mountain valleys ice confined to mountain valleys

Aseptic techniques are.... a sequence of steps performed to transfer bacteria from one medium to another one used to generate a mixed culture used to sterilize a medium all the steps that you should do to prevent contamination of your bacteria sample or sterile medium

The part of the microscope that regulates the intensity of the light that enters the lens is the Iris diaphragm Condenser Course knob Diopter ring Any of the above

Streak plate or streak for isolation is.... any agar plate containing a bacteria culture A method to obtain a pure culture from a mixed culture using aseptic techniques. a method to convert a pure culture into a mixed culture the subculturing of bacteria from broth to an agar plate Any of the above

After you inoculate bacteria on an agar plate, why do you place the plate upside down in the incubator at 22C? To prevent that water from condensation forms on the lid To avoid contamination To prevent that water from condensation falls on top of the colonies To be able to read the information that you wrote on the plate Just for fun :-)

What type of microscope is used in this lab? contrast darkfield brightfield fluorescent electron

How do you determine the total magnification of a sample observed using a light microscope? It is the number written in the objective used to observe the sample It is similar to the objective magnification It is the magnification of the objective multiplied by the magnification of the ocular It depends on the brand of the microscope

To label a test tube, write your name and the bacteria name directly on the tube. True False

Which information you should write in a tube containing medium and bacteria? O The name of the bacteria O Your name O The name of the medium O The date O All of the above

The isolation of a single species of microbe is a(n): inoculum medium pure culture bacterial cell

Large magnitude earthquakes are generally associated with which of the following types of plate boundaries? convergent and transform divergent and convergent divergent and transform

You have prepared a smear and stained it with crystal violet. Everything is fine until you examine your slide using the oil immersion lens and you find that you cannot focus on the cells because they are floating in the oil. You conclude that you made in mistake in which step? heat-fixing the slide cleaning the slide washing the excess stain off the slide spreading the bacteria onto the slide

Quaternary structure can be found in water a lipid droplet the plasma membrane an actin filament a single strand of DNA

Essential amino acids are hydrophilic the 20 that proteins are made of hydrophobic important parts of your diet polar

Discussion Question 3: What is the definition of Learning and what's its importance?

Would phosphofructokinase be more or less active when AMP concentrations are high? Why would this benefit the cell?

Stem cells with their totipotent capacity have determinate cleavage. True False

Match the match the tissue or structure with the germ layer it comes from nervous system endoderm mesoderm ectoderm

Select all of the following that are names of immature stages in various animals. Otrochophore. caterpillar. nymph. swimmeret. nauplius.

Tagmata are segments of the body that represent two or more previous body segments fused together. True False

Which of the following are NOT trends that have occurred during the evolution of the central nervous system in invertebrates? Increasing the size of cerebral ganglia and formation of a "brain" The processing of sensory information by neural ganglia and the generation of motor commands The development of sensory structures for the detection of gravity, sound and light none of the above - all are trends The positioning of nerve chords at the ventral end of the animal.

Differentiate between Phylum Porifera and Clade Eumetazoa. O Poriferans have mobile gametes while eumetazoans do not. O The various cells types of Poriferans do not form permanent associations into true tissues during their life cycle, whereas Eumetazoa possess true, stable tissues. O Poriferans invert during their development whereas eumetazoans do not invert at any time during their life cycle. Poriferans have only one kind of cell during their life cycle whereas Eumetazoa have many kinds of cells throughout their life cycle. Poriferans are only haploid during their life cycle, whereas eumetazoans are diploid with haploid sex cells at various stages of their life cycle.

Which of the following are sensory abilities that are found among invertebrates? Check all that you think are correct. visual information. gravitational sensation sound or vibrational sensation light detection chemical sensation

Many insects make larvae that are very different from the adults. What do you think are advantages of this system? Check all that apply. Adults and offspring would not compete for food sources. Adults and offspring would not compete for potential mates. Adults and offspring would not compete for habitats. Adults and offspring would not be vulnerable to the same predators.